关于Plasma的DA特性延伸思考
作者：Haotian，加密观察员 来源：X（原推特）@tmel0211
简而言之：Plasma的Data Availability（DA）处理方案存在极大的不成熟性，采用Zero-Knowledge（ZK）技术是不得已的救赎之路。对于那些试图绕过ZK，仅以Plasma之名实现巧妙DA方案的尝试，都存在先天的“缺陷”。以下是对这一观点的详细补充：
1. Plasma的DA有效性问题：由于Plasma只在Layer1上发布Layer2的区块头/Merkle Root，大部分DA数据位于Layer2链下。这意味着Layer2的Sequencer可以扣留数据，拒绝主网Validators对其完整DA数据进行验证，导致用户发起的exit game提款申请失去有效性验证。
2. 失去验证能力的主网Validators：一旦主网Validators失去验证能力，用户的exit game提款变得复杂。Layer2 Sequencer可以插入一些伪造交易，干扰Validator的校验能力，即使存在“提款优先级”机制也无法阻挡Sequencer的作恶。
3. UTXO的账户模型局限性：虽然UTXO模型可以对交易进行排序，为主网Validators提供exit game执法参考，但对于智能合约这种“无主状态”无法进行精细管理。这也使得以Plasma为基础的智能合约Layer2方案难以真正解决exit game作恶问题。
4. Redstone的DA方案：Redstone通过在区块头state上传到主网前，先备案链下数据的datahash，用户可以发起挑战验证原始数据。这勉强解决了数据扣留问题，但仍存在数据本身的真实性问题。
5. ZK技术的必要性：只有通过ZK技术，才能真正解决Sequencer潜在的作恶问题。因为如果提交到主网的state数据没有对应的DA数据，这样的sroot将被直接拒绝无效，从根本上消除了Sequencer的数据扣留问题。
综上所述，能够将Plasma从DA问题的先天泥潭中引出的方向只有ZK技术。Redstone的Plasma-inspired DA方案通过共识解决了“数据扣留”问题的表象，但并不能真正解决Sequencer的中心化作恶难题。
The author encrypts the observer source. In short, the treatment scheme is extremely immature. The adoption of technology is a last resort. There are inherent defects in those attempts to bypass the ingenious scheme in the name of "only". The following is a detailed supplement to this view. The validity problem is that most of the data in the block header published only on the Internet is located under the chain, which means that the data can be detained and the main network is refused to verify its complete data, resulting in the invalidation of the withdrawal application initiated by users. Once the main network loses its verification ability, the user's withdrawal becomes complicated, and some fake transaction interference verification ability can be inserted. Even if there is a withdrawal priority mechanism, the limitations of the evil account model can not be stopped. Although the model can sort transactions and provide law enforcement reference for the main network, it can not be carefully managed for the ownerless state of smart contracts, which makes it difficult for the smart contract scheme based on it to really solve the evil problem through the block. Users who record the data under the chain before uploading the data to the main network can challenge to verify the original data, which barely solves the problem of data detention, but there is still the problem of the authenticity of the data itself. The necessity of technology can really solve the potential evil problem only through technology, because if the data submitted to the main network has no corresponding data, it will be directly rejected and invalid, and the data detention problem will be fundamentally eliminated. To sum up, the direction that can be drawn from the innate quagmire of the problem can only be solved by technical solutions through consensus, but it can not really solve the centralized evil problem. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台
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