去中心化AI:应用场景及主要项目盘点

币圈资讯 阅读:42 2024-04-22 10:22:08 评论:0
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作者:Casey,Paradigm前投资合伙人;翻译:比特币买卖交易网xiaozou

我相信开放带来创新。近年来,人工智能已实现飞跃式发展,具有全球效用和影响力。由于计算能力随着资源的整合而增长,人工智能自然而然会催生中心化问题,计算能力更强的一方将逐渐占据主导地位。这将阻碍我们的创新步伐。我认为去中心化和Web3是保持人工智能开放性的有力竞争者。

1、用于预训练和微调的去中心化计算

众包计算(CPUs + GPUs

支持意见:airbnb/uber的众包资源模式有可能扩展到计算领域,闲置计算资源将聚合为一个市场。这可能解决如下问题:为某些用例(处理某些停机/延迟故障)提供成本更低的计算资源;使用具抗审查特性的计算资源来训练可能将在未来受到监管或被取缔的模型。

反对意见:众包计算无法实现规模经济;大多数高性能GPU都不是由消费者拥有的。去中心化计算完全是一个悖论;它实际上站在了高性能计算的对立面……不信可以问一下任何一个基础设施/机器学习工程师!

项目示例:Akash、Render、io.net、Ritual、Hyperbolic、Gensyn

2、去中心化推理

以去中心化方式运行开源模型推理

支持意见:开源(OS)模型在某些方面正越来越接近闭源模型,并获得越来越多的采用。大多数人使用HuggingFace或Replicate这样的中心化服务运行OS模型推理,从而引入了隐私和审查问题。有一种解决方案就是通过去中心化或分布式供应商运行推理。

反对意见:没有必要对推理进行去中心化,局部推理将会成为最终赢家。现在正在发布可以处理7b+参数模型推理的专用芯片。边缘计算是我们在隐私和抗审查方面解决方案。

项目示例:Ritual、gpt4all (hosted)、Ollama (web2)、Edgellama (Web3, P2P Ollama)、Petals

3、链上AI智能体

使用机器学习的链上apps

支持意见:AI智能体(使用AI的应用程序)需要一个协调层来进行交易。对于AI 智能体来说,使用加密货币进行支付顺理成章,因为它自身就是数字技术,而且显然智能体是无法通过KYC认证开设银行账户的。去中心化人AI智能体还不存在平台风险。例如,OpenAI可以突然决定改变他们的ChatGPT插件架构,这会破坏我的Talk2Books插件,但却没有事前通知。这是真实发生的。在链上创建的智能体就没有这样的平台风险。

反对意见:代理还没有为生产做好准备……完全没有。BabyAGI、AutoGPT等都是玩具!此外,对于支付,创建人工智能代理的实体可以使用Stripe API,不需要加密支付。对于平台风险的争论,这是加密货币的一个老生常谈的用例,我们还没有看到它发挥出来……为什么这次不同?

项目示例:AI Arena、MyShell、Operator.io、Fetch.ai

4、数据和模型来源

对数据和机器学习模型的自主管理及价值收集

支持意见:数据的所有权应该属于生成数据的用户,而不是收集数据的公司。数据是数字时代最宝贵的资源,然而却被大型科技公司垄断,而且金融化表现欠佳。高度个性化的网络即将到来,这就要求可移植的数据和模型。我们将通过互联网将我们的数据和模型从一个应用程序带到另一个应用程序,就像我们让自己的加密钱包流转于不同的dapp之间一样。数据来源是一个巨大问题,尤其是造假现象越来越严重,就连拜登也承认了这一点。区块链架构很可能是解决数据来源谜题的最佳解决方案。

反对意见:没有人在乎是否拥有自己的数据或隐私。我们已经从用户偏好上一次又一次地看到了这一点。看看Facebook/Instagram的注册量吧!最终,人们会信任OpenAI提供他们的机器学习数据。让我们面对现实吧。

项目示例:Vana、Rainfall

5、代币激励Apps(如陪伴类apps

设想Character.ai具有加密代币奖励

支持意见:加密代币激励对启动引导网络和行为非常有效。我们将看到大量以人工智能为中心的应用程序采用这一机制。AI伴侣是一个引人注目的市场,我们相信该领域将是一个数万亿美元规模的AI原生市场。2022年,美国人在宠物身上花费了1300多亿美元;AI陪伴类app就是宠物2.0。我们已经看到AI陪伴类app已实现产品市场契合度,Character.ai的平均会话时长为1小时以上。如果看到一个加密激励平台在这一领域和其他AI应用程序垂直领域占据市场份额,我们并不会感到惊讶。

反对意见:这只是加密货币投机狂热的延伸现象,并不会持久。代币就是Web 3.0的获客成本,难道我们还没有从Axie Infinity身上吸取教训吗?

示例项目:MyShell、Deva

6、代币激励的机器学习操作(如训练、RLHF、推理)

设想ScaleAI具有加密代币奖励

支持意见:加密激励可以在整个机器学习工作流程中使用,以激励诸如优化权重、微调、RLHF等行为——由人类判断模型的输出以进一步微调。

反对意见:MLOps(机器学习操作)是加密货币奖励的一个糟糕用例,因为质量太重要了。虽然加密代币在熵没问题的情况下善于激励消费者行为,但在质量和准确性至关重要的情况下,它们并不利于协调行为。

项目示例:BitTensor、Ritual

7、链上可验证性(ZKML

证明哪些模型可在链上有效运行并插入加密世界

支持意见:链上模型可验证性将解锁可组合性,也就意味着你可以在DeFi和加密领域中利用组合输出。5年后,当我们有运行医生模型的智能体为我们检查身体,而不需要去医院看医生时,我们将需要有一些方法来验证他们的知识,以及诊断具体使用的是什么模型。模型的可验证性就好比是智能的声誉。

反对意见:没有人需要验证运行的是什么模型。这是我们最不关心的事。我们这是在本末倒置。没有人运行llama2却害怕后台运行的是其他模型。这是加密技术(零知识证明)有意要寻找一个问题来解决,以及零知识证明(ZK)大肆炒作获得大量风投资金的后果。

示例项目:Modulus Labs、UpShot、EZKL


I believe that openness brings innovation. In recent years, artificial intelligence has developed by leaps and bounds, which has global utility and influence. As the computing power increases with the integration of resources, artificial intelligence will naturally lead to centralization, and the party with stronger computing power will gradually occupy the dominant position, which will hinder our innovation. I think decentralization and decentralization are strong competitors for pre-training and fine-tuning. The crowdsourcing resource model of crowdsourcing computing support opinions may be extended to the computing field, and idle computing resources will be aggregated into a market, which may solve the following problems, provide lower-cost computing resources for some use cases to deal with some downtime and delay failures, and use computing resources with anti-censorship characteristics to train models that may be supervised or banned in the future. Objection Crowdsourcing computing cannot achieve economies of scale. Most high-performance decentralized computing is not owned by consumers. Paradox It actually stands on the opposite side of high-performance computing. If you don't believe it, you can ask any example of infrastructure machine learning engineer's project. Decentralized reasoning runs open source model reasoning in a decentralized way. Support opinions. In some ways, open source model is getting closer and closer to closed source model and getting more and more use of most people or such centralized services to run model reasoning, thus introducing privacy and censorship problems. One solution is to decentralize or distribute supply. There is no need to decentralize reasoning, and local reasoning will become the ultimate winner. Now we are releasing a special chip that can deal with parametric model reasoning. Edge computing is our solution project example in privacy and anti-censorship. The application that supports the use of opinion agents in the chain using machine learning needs a coordination layer to conduct transactions. For agents, it is logical to use cryptocurrency to pay because it is digital technology itself. Moreover, it is obvious that agents are decentralized people who can't open bank accounts through authentication. There is no platform risk. For example, they can suddenly decide to change their plug-in architecture, which will destroy my plug-in, but without prior notice. This is a real occurrence. Agents created on the chain have no such platform risk. Opposition agents are not ready for production, and they are all toys. In addition, entities that create artificial intelligence agents can use them without encryption to pay for them. Debate on platform risk This is a cliche use case of cryptocurrency. We haven't seen it come into play yet. Why do different project sample data and model sources support the independent management and value collection of data and machine learning models? The ownership of data should belong to the users who generate the data, not the companies that collect the data. Data is the most valuable resource in the digital age, but it is monopolized by large technology companies and the highly personalized network with poor financialization performance is coming. This requires portable data and models. We will take our data and models from one application to another through the Internet, just as we let our encrypted wallets flow between different applications. The data source is a huge problem, especially the phenomenon of counterfeiting is getting more and more serious. Even Biden admits this. Blockchain architecture is probably the best solution to solve the data source puzzle. Objection, no one cares whether they have their own data or privacy. We have seen this again and again from the user's preference. Look at the registration volume. In the end, people will trust to provide their machine learning data. Let's face it. Project examples Token incentives, such as companion ideas, are very effective in starting and guiding networks and behaviors. We will see a large number of applications centered on artificial intelligence adopting this mechanism. Companion is a compelling market. We believe that this field will be trillions of dollars. In the primary market of scale, Americans spent more than hundreds of millions of dollars on pets. Companion class is pets. We have seen that companion class has achieved the market fit of products, and the average session length is more than hours. If we see an encryption incentive platform occupying market share in this field and other vertical fields of applications, we will not be surprised. Objection, this is just an extension of cryptocurrency speculation fanaticism, and it will not last forever. Have we not learned the customer acquisition cost from tokens? Training example project Machine learning operation of token incentive such as training reasoning, it is assumed that encrypted token incentive supports opinions. Encrypted incentive can be used in the whole machine learning workflow to encourage behaviors such as optimizing weight fine-tuning to judge the output of the model by human beings to further fine-tune objections. Machine learning operation is a bad use case of cryptocurrency incentive because quality is too important. Although encrypted token is good at motivating consumers' behaviors under the condition of no problem in entropy, it is of great quality and accuracy. In critical cases, they are not conducive to coordinating behavior projects. Verifiability on the chain proves which models can run effectively on the chain and insert them into the encrypted world. Model verifiability on the chain will unlock composability, which means that you can use the combination output in the field of encryption. In the future, when we have agents running doctor models to check our bodies without going to the hospital to see a doctor, we will need some methods to verify their knowledge and diagnose what is used. The verifiability of the model is like the reputation objection of intelligence. No one needs to verify what model is running. This is what we don't care about the most. We are putting the cart before the horse, but we are afraid that other models are running in the background. This is encryption technology. Zero-knowledge proof is intended to find a problem to solve and zero-knowledge proof is the consequence of hype to get a lot of venture capital. Example project. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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