Polygon Ventures: BTC生态潜力探析

币圈资讯 阅读:33 2024-04-22 02:38:41 评论:0
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作者:Polygon Ventures,翻译:比特币买卖交易网xiaozou

比特币加速进化。数字黄金只是序幕。人类文明创造的最硬资产是将其巨大的手臂伸向了智能合约。

1、未充分利用的潜力

由于缺乏可编程性,再加上交易吞吐量低、速度慢并且费用高,比特币在很大程度上被归类为一种价值存储手段。3亿多用户所持有的大部分比特币都处于休眠状态,躺在钱包里未使用。

之所以说缺乏可编程性是因为它的脚本语言不是图灵完备的,而且核心开发团队对可执行的操作类型设置了严格的限制。这种不灵活性赋予它安全感,但代价却是创新非常缓慢。

虽然比特币作为房地产、黄金、股票等价值储存手段可以用作抵押品或带来收益,但它在很大程度上仍未被充分使用。此前的比特币借贷尝试无一例外给用户留下了糟糕的印象,因为用户不得不将比特币的托管权交给杠杆过高的实体,而这些实体后来都破产了。

试图将比特币发送到EVM链上复制DeFi借贷也不太成功,因为二者环境完全不同,bridge需要为这种交换提供一个可信区域。

Bridges锁定比特币,并在EVM链上创建一个representation(表示)。这引入了对中心化实体或一组多签验证者的依赖,安全保障较低。最受欢迎的桥接表示是WBTC,其市值仅为100亿美元,还不到BTC的1%。

那么,为什么人们对可编程比特币又重新产生了兴趣呢?有三方面催化因素起了人们的关注,那就是Ordinals、BitVM和Babylon。

2Ordinals

虽然ETF的流入带来了金融关注,但Ordinals也吸引了很多开发者对比特币生态系统的关注。Ordinals和BRC-20代币将数据“铭刻”到比特币账本上,但需要一个社会共识层来转换这种特定的数据编码。

Ordinals让比特币NFT成为交易量维度的亚军,仅次于以太坊。这一成功引发了一个关键问题:我们能否在比特币上创建一个受比特币L1保障而不是由社会层支持的无需信任的EVM范式?

然后由于底层的限制,这似乎是不可能的。Sidechains(侧链)是唯一的替代方案,它们利用比特币矿工来确保内嵌EVM环境的新链的安全。然而,这类安全性还要取决于一组外部协调器。

3BitVM

ZeroSync团队中的一个成员想出了一种方法,在不改变协议或进行软分叉的情况下,在比特币脚本上实现验证者逻辑。BitVM使用乐观的证明者-验证者模型来表达图灵完备的智能合约。

计算在链下执行,结果在比特币链上结算,与模块化rollup生态系统十分相似。任何watcher都可以验证执行结果,如果发现欺诈行为,他们有权通过资金罚没来惩罚prover(证明者)。

这成为了L2s在比特币上起飞的催化剂。B² Network等BTC L2团队正在使用BitVM建设具有不同证明机制和虚拟机的rollups。Citrea设计了一个零知识验证电路,可以直接在比特币脚本上运行。

比特币上的rollups利用模块化技术,大大提高了可扩展性和效率。这一进步不仅吸引了精通EVM工具开发的人员,还吸引了数百万渴望获得这种用户体验的用户。

BitVM还引入了具有最小化信任的bridges,将比特币桥接到POS链。Citrea从其他链聚集可以在比特币上进行原生验证的轻客户端证明。这减少了所需的信任,只要有一个验证者能够保持诚实,就可以确保完整性。

4Babylon

当L2s忙于扩展时,Babylon引发了比特币生态系统资本效率的革命。简单地说,Babylon就是比特币的EigenLayer。

EigenLayer是一个再质押协议,允许ETH质押者将验证服务扩展到POS链、Bridges和排序器并赚取收益。它通过基础链智能合约中的自动罚没机制确保完整性——这是在比特币上不可能实现的功能。

于是Babylon团队想出了一个巧妙的解决方案。比特币被锁定在一个多重签名中,允许持有者在等待一段时间后质押以及取回他们的资金。如果观察到任何攻击,协议泄露金库密钥,就会启动自动罚没机制。

用户通过质押自己的比特币,他们可以为PoS链、数据可用性层、oracles、AVS等提供验证服务。这就催生了一种无需牺牲自我托管就能获得丰厚收益的模式。

POS链和其他验证服务可以使用BTC的经济安全性来引导它们的协议以及建设安全层。

Portal正在确保一个比特币bridge的安全,Nubit正使用比特币作为数据可用性层,Avail计划使用由BTC支持的quorum。

LSTs通过在POS链上创建这种锁定质押的可自由交易的表示(representations)来扩大流动性,Babylon与Ankr Staking合作再质押这些代币以赚取更多收益,创建一个由BTC支持的稳定币,等等。

5、结论

总之,比特币确实在两个方面取得了进展:

-处理可支持数百万交易的L2s的可编程性的垂直扩展。

-在大量应用中作为可靠的抵押品来提高资本效率。

真是应了那句话:“比特币是一座孤岛,与更广泛的web3生态系统没有联系。”

我们即将看到一个全新的比特币应用世界,它将与EVM无缝融合,开辟出无限的可能性。


The accelerated evolution of Bitcoin is only the prelude to the digital gold, which is the hardest asset created by human civilization. It extends its huge arm to the underutilized potential of smart contracts. Due to the lack of programmability, coupled with the low transaction throughput and high cost, Bitcoin is largely classified as a value storage means, and most of the bitcoins held by more than 100 million users are dormant in their wallets. The reason for the lack of programmability is because of it. The scripting language is not complete in Turing, and the core development team has set strict restrictions on the types of operations that can be performed. This inflexibility gives it a sense of security, but at the cost of very slow innovation. Although Bitcoin can be used as a value storage means such as real estate, gold stocks and so on, it has not been fully used to a large extent. Previous attempts to borrow Bitcoin left a bad impression on users without exception, because users had to hand over the custody of Bitcoin to leverage. Too high entities, and these entities later went bankrupt, tried to send bitcoin to the chain to copy and borrow money, but it was not successful because the two environments were completely different. It was necessary to provide a trusted area for this exchange, lock bitcoin and create a symbol on the chain, which meant that it introduced dependence on centralized entities or a group of multi-signature verifiers. The most popular bridge with low security guarantee meant that its market value was less than 100 million dollars. So why did people regain interest in programmable bitcoin? There are three parties. The catalytic factor has attracted people's attention, that is, although the inflow of sum has brought financial attention, it has also attracted many developers' attention to the bitcoin ecosystem, and tokens are needed to engrave data on the bitcoin ledger, but a social consensus layer is needed to convert this specific data encoding, making Bitcoin the runner-up in the transaction volume dimension after Ethereum. This success has caused a key question: Can we create a no-trust on bitcoin that is guaranteed by bitcoin rather than supported by the social layer? However, this kind of security depends on a member of an external coordinator team who has figured out a way to realize the verifier logic on the bitcoin script without changing the protocol or making soft fork. The optimistic prover verifier model is used to express the execution results of Turing's complete intelligent contract calculation under the chain. Settlement on the bitcoin chain is very similar to the modular ecosystem, and anyone can verify the execution results. If fraud is found, they have the right to punish the prover through capital confiscation. This has become a catalyst for taking off on Bitcoin, and other teams are using the design of building a zero-knowledge verification circuit with different proof mechanisms and virtual machines, which can directly run on bitcoin scripts. The use of modular technology on Bitcoin has greatly improved the scalability and efficiency. This progress not only attracted the essence. Tools developers have also attracted millions of users who are eager to get this kind of user experience. They have also introduced a light client with minimal trust, which bridges Bitcoin from other chains and can perform native verification on Bitcoin. This proves that this reduces the required trust. As long as a verifier can remain honest, it can ensure integrity. When busy with expansion, it has triggered a revolution in the capital efficiency of Bitcoin ecosystem. Simply put, Bitcoin is a re-pledge agreement that allows pledge. The verification service is extended to the chain and sorter to earn income. It ensures the integrity through the automatic confiscation mechanism in the intelligent contract of the basic chain, which is a function that cannot be realized on bitcoin. So the team came up with a clever solution. Bitcoin is locked in a multi-signature to allow holders to pledge and retrieve their funds after waiting for a period of time. If any attack protocol is observed to reveal the vault key, users will start the automatic confiscation mechanism by pledging their own bitcoins. It can provide verification services for the data availability layer of the chain, which gives birth to a model that can obtain rich benefits without sacrificing self-hosting. The economic security that the chain and other verification services can use to guide their protocols and build a security layer is ensuring the security of a bitcoin. Bitcoin is being used as the data availability layer, and it is planned to use the supported model to expand liquidity and cooperate to pledge these tokens again to earn money. More income to create a stable currency supported by it, and so on. In short, Bitcoin has indeed made progress in two aspects, dealing with the vertical expansion of programmability that can support millions of transactions, and improving capital efficiency as a reliable collateral in a large number of applications, which really corresponds to that sentence. Bitcoin is an island and has no connection with a wider ecosystem. We are about to see a brand-new bitcoin application world, which will open up unlimited possibilities with seamless integration. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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