比特幣玩物而非寵物

　　與一家美國企業一名員工通電話，問及“比特幣”，對方說：網絡上，這類錢幣收藏品不少……

A phone call to an employee of an American company, asking about "bitcoin," said the other side: "There are a lot of money collections of this kind online...

　　再問那家“硅谷”企業1000多名員工以及這名員工身邊10多名同一項目小組成員中對比特幣有沒有議論，得到回應：沒有聽別人說起過……

Asking more than 1,000 employees of the Silicon Valley company and more than 10 members of the same group around the staff if they have a debate about the bitcoin, they have received a response: no one has said anything about it.

　　那家企業屬於“新銳”，以開發電腦安全軟件為業務，以銀行為主要客戶，在全球主要市場佔有相當大份額，正謀求股票上市，似乎對比特幣沒有“知覺”。

The company, which is a “new pole”, operates with the development of computer security software, with banks as its main client, has a significant share of the world's major markets, is seeking stock listings and seems to be “not aware” of Bitcoins.

　　比特幣，還好，沒有獲稱“比特貨幣”，因為它最初與“貨”無關。

Bitcoin, well, it's not called a bitcoin, because it initially had nothing to do with the goods.

　　與全球現有所有貨幣相比，比特幣沒有歷史，隻有“故事”：它2009年開始“發行”，需人為“開採”，由電腦數學運算“生成”。

The Bitcoins have no history compared to all the currencies available globally, but have only a “studies”: they started in 2009 and need to be “opened” and “generated” by computer mathematics.

　　它不是實物，不能裝在實物錢包裡，隻能存入“電子錢包”。

It is not a tangible item. It cannot be placed in a real property wallet. It can only be placed in an “electronic wallet”.

　　它有圖標，顯現錢幣狀，於是由民間個人鑄造成金屬幣，供人購買並“收藏”。

It has a logo that shows the currency, so it is made by private individuals who buy it and “collect it”.

　　中性表述，比特幣是“虛擬貨幣”，類似游戲幣，流通於對等網絡(P2P)﹔換言之，它是小眾“玩物”，不是大眾“寵物”。

In neutral terms, the bitcoin is a “virtual currency”, similar to a play currency, which flows to the peer-to-peer network (P2P); in other words, it is a “player” and not a “pet” for the public.

　　正面表述，它是網絡時代、網絡經濟產物，可以算作某種創新。

In a positive sense, it is an Internet age, an online economic product that can be counted as some kind of innovation.

　　負面表述，它是“黑客貨幣”，原因是持有者“隱身”，交易不留痕跡，不受金融機構控制、不受政府機構監管，黑客比常人更願意使用，洗錢和販毒之類非法交易比合法交易更方便使用。

Negatively, it is a “hacker currency” because the holder is “hidden”, the transaction leaves no trace, it is not controlled by a financial institution, it is not controlled by a government agency, it is preferred to be used by hackers than by ordinary people, and illegal transactions such as money laundering and drug trafficking are easier to use than legal transactions.

　　在美國，在合法交易范圍內，以比特幣結算，幾乎沒有額外費用、不需要繳納任何賦稅，對一些人構成相當大誘惑。

In the United States, in the context of legal transactions, the use of bitcoins, with little extra cost and no tax bonus, creates considerable temptation for some.

　　如果比特幣保持虛擬狀態，不與現有貨幣關聯、不與實體經濟交集，估計不會成為話題。

If the bitcoins remain virtual, unconnected with the current currency and do not interface with the real economy, it is unlikely that they will be the subject of a discussion.

　　但是，比特幣有意充當“數字貨幣”。

However, Bitcoins are intended as “digital coins”.

　　既然是貨幣，無論實物貨幣或數字貨幣，都會有市場價值。一些人記憶中，比特幣最初“市值”是25美分。今年以前，絕大多數時段，每一個比特幣的市值都在10美元以下。今年1月，它的“幣值”不足20美元。

Since it is a currency, there will be market value in real currency or numeric currency. Some remember that Bitcoins originally “market value” was 25 cents. Prior to this year, in most cases, the market value of each bitcoin was below $10.

　　1月底至4月初，比特幣升值超過12倍，4月11日達到266美元頂點，繼而一度降為68 .5美元，跌幅將近75%，再回升至大約170美元。

At the end of January and the beginning of April, the Bitcoin appreciated by more than 12 times, reaching a peak of $266 on 11 April, then fell to $68.5, a drop of nearly 75 per cent and a return to approximately $170.

　　一種解釋是，歐洲金融危機，尤其塞浦路斯民眾存入銀行賬戶的現金遭凍結，促使這一歐洲國家和其他一些國家民眾對現有貨幣失去信心，尋求跨國界保值以至升值貨幣，促升比特幣市值。

One explanation is that the European financial crisis, in particular the freezing of cash deposited in bank accounts by Cypriot citizens, has contributed to the loss of confidence in the current currency in this European country and in some other countries, seeking to preserve it across national borders in order to appreciate it and boost the market value of the bitcoins.

　　另一種解釋是，全球范圍內，現今一些所謂“投資者”，以錢養錢、以錢掙錢，不看好實業，更願意投機，比特幣構成理想選擇。

Another explanation is that, globally, some of today's so-called “investors” provide for money, earn money, do not look good at business, are more willing to invest, and the bitcoins are the ideal choice.

　　虛擬經濟，與實體經濟相比，“財富”放大效應極具吸引力，收縮效應則極具殺傷力。傳統意義上的實體經濟投資者，與現實中的虛擬經濟投機者，是兩回事。

The virtual economy, as compared to the real economy, is extremely attractive for “rich” to magnify, and the shrinking effect is extremely damaging. The traditional real-economists, and the real-life virtual investors, are two different things.

　　依照設計，比特幣“總發行量”嚴格限定為2100萬個，且發行節奏逐步減緩，意味著這種虛擬貨幣不會像傳統貨幣那樣，伴隨發行量增加而自然貶值。

By design, the “total volume” of Bitcoins is strictly limited to 21 million, and the release of rhythms is gradually reduced, meaning that this virtual currency will not be devalued as a result of an increase in circulation, as is the case with traditional currencies.

　　相反，依照這種設計，伴隨越來越多“商家”支持以比特幣結算，市場對這種虛擬貨幣的總需求量會逐步增加，意味著它會自然升值。

On the contrary, under this scheme, the total market demand for this virtual currency will increase gradually, meaning that it will appreciate naturally, with more and more “merchants” supporting the calculation in bitcoins.

　　如今，一些專家推算，現已發行的比特幣大約1100萬個，依每個170美元計算總市值為18.7億美元。

Today, some experts have calculated that about 11 million bitcoins have been released, at a total market value of $1.87 billion per $170.

　　只是，與上市企業股票市值不可能兌換成等額現金一樣，比特幣市值與現金貨幣價值之間更沒有保障。它值錢、或者不值錢，完全取決於持有者對它有沒有“信心”。

But just as the market value of listed companies’ shares cannot be exchanged for the equivalent in cash, it is less secure between the market value of the bit and the value of the cash currency. It is valuable, or worthless, and depends entirely on whether the holder has “confidence” in it.

　　對傳統國際貨幣，譬如美元和歐元，信心呈下降趨勢。

Confidence in traditional international currencies, such as the United States dollar and the euro, is declining.

　　對比特幣，沒有任何金融儲備支撐、國家或國家集團實體保障以及法律保護，信心需要建立在對金融體系的某種全新理念之上。

For bitcoins, there is no financial reserve support, state or group physical security and legal protection, and confidence needs to be built on a completely new concept of the financial system.

　　對比特幣設計及其升值前景，2008年度諾貝爾經濟學獎獲得者、美國普林斯頓大學教授保羅·克魯格曼不以為然，2011年發表文章，認定“我們所希望的金融體系，不是讓人因為持有錢幣而富裕，而是能為 交 易 創 造 條 件 ， 讓 經 濟 整 體 富裕。”

Paul Krugman, the 2008 Nobel laureate in economics and professor at Princeton University of the United States, did not think so, and published an article in 2011 recognizing that “the financial system that we want is rich not because we hold the coin, but because we can create provisions for easy dealings that will make the economy rich.”

　　克魯格曼的結論是，“圍繞比特幣發生的一切完全不對路”。

Krugman concluded that “what happened around the Bitcoins is totally wrong”.

　　回到硅谷，那位高技術企業員工解釋，在美國西海岸，多數人更看重實體﹔而在美國東海岸，有股市和期貨市場之類帶有一定程度虛擬性質的交易場所，一些人可能對比特幣更感興趣。(徐勇)

Back in Silicon Valley, the high-tech employee explained that, on the west coast of the United States, most people were more interested in the real world; on the east coast of the United States, there were stock markets and futures markets with a certain degree of virtuality, and some might be more interested in bitcoin.

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