Web3.0浪潮下的隐私计算

在很多人眼中，Web3.0不过是资本市场吹捧起来的概念而已。但如果一味地将Web3.0与资本市场深度绑定，未免有些太过简单和武断了。

In the eyes of many, Web3.0 is just a concept that the capital market boasts. If web3.0 is tied to the depth of the capital market, it would be too simple and arbitrary.

近期，业内最受关注的莫过于中国证监会科技监管局局长姚前发布的文章《Web3.0：渐行渐近的新一代互联网》，此文的出现也被市场认为是Web3.0在中国发展的积极信号。

More recently, none of the most significant concerns in China than the article published by the Director General of Science and Technology of the Chinese CSRC, Web3.0: Towards a New Generation of the Internet, has emerged as a positive sign of the development of Web3.0 in China.

在文章中，姚前指出，Web3.0是基于分布式账本技术、密码学技术实现价值点对点传递的“安全可信的价值互联网”，同时也是综合了5G、边缘计算、AI、虚拟现实技术的“立体的智能全息互联网”。

In the article, Yao stated that Web3.0 is a “safe and credible value Internet” based on distributed book technology, cipher technology for value-to-point transmission, and a “smart all-interest Internet” combining 5G, margin computing, AI, virtual reality technology.

在姚前看来，Web3.0将能有效解决现有的Web2.0生态中存在的“垄断”、“隐私保护缺失”、“算法作恶”等问题。

In Yao's view, Web3.0 would be an effective solution to the problems of “monopoly”, “lack of privacy protection”, and arithmetic malpractice” in the existing Web 2.0 ecology.

这其中提到的几大关键词，正是近几年中国互联网生态的关注焦点。

Several of the key words mentioned in this article have been the focus of attention in China's Internet ecology in recent years.

Web3.0浪潮下

Web3.0

隐私计算再度迎来风口

2020年以来，我国陆续推出了《数据安全法》、《个人信息保护法》等法律法规，以期最大限度保障互联网用户的数据权益。

Since 2020, laws and regulations, such as the Data Security Act and the Personal Information Protection Act, have been introduced with a view to maximizing data rights and interests of Internet users.

除了国家层面的监管，还需要强大的技术手段作为支撑。Web3.0所具有的技术特性与解决上述问题的契合度，一定程度上也预示了其在中国市场的发展空间。

In addition to regulation at the national level, there is a need for strong technical means to support it. The technological characteristics of Web3.0 are compatible with the resolution of the above-mentioned problems and, to some extent, augur well for its development space in the Chinese market.

其中，隐私计算作为解决数据隐私问题的关键技术，正在成为Web3.0的刚需存在。

Among these, privacy calculations are emerging as a necessity for Web3.0 as a key technology to address data privacy issues.

在Web3.0时代，用户将倾向于用更彻底的方式保护个人数据隐私，从而引发数据所有权和价值的转移。而隐私计算通过同态加密、多方安全计算、可信执行环境等技术，可以保证数据在使用过程中可用不可见。

In the Web3.0 era, users will tend to protect personal data privacy in a more thorough way, thereby triggering a transfer of ownership and value of the data. By using techniques such as same-state encryption, multiple-safe computing, and a credible enforcement environment, privacy calculations can ensure that data are not visible in their use.

值得关注的是，隐私保护是多方面的。随着Web3.0中应用的去中心化、链上数据可查的情况下，用户行为、产生的数据乃至应用协议亦需得到隐私保护。

It is worth noting that privacy protection is multifaceted. With the decentralisation of Web3.0 applications and the availability of data on the chain, user behaviour, resulting data and even application protocols are also subject to privacy protection.

因此，隐私计算提供的数据保护可涉及多个层面，如：基础区块链平台隐私保护、存储数据隐私（分布式存储）、用户私钥管理、匿名协议等多方面。

As a result, data protection provided by privacy calculations can have multiple dimensions, such as privacy protection for basic block chain platforms, privacy of stored data (distributed storage), private key management for users, anonymous protocols, etc.

在隐私计算巨大的市场潜力下，越来越多的头部风投机构和开发者入场隐私赛道。2021年下半年以来，在Web3.0的隐私赛道下，各种项目的角逐日益激烈，协议与应用层都诞生了诸多主打隐私的项目。

Since the second half of 2021, under the Web3.0 privacy track, projects have become more aggressive, with agreements and applications giving rise to many privacy projects.

1. 隐私交易协议

1. Privacy agreement

隐私交易网络，主要针对链上交易数据进行隐私化处理，通过零知识证明等技术原生支持用户进行隐私交易，可以保证自己的隐私数据不会被外界查看，同时支持在该协议开发更多类型的隐私应用。

The privacy trading network, which focuses on the privacy processing of transactional data on the chain, supports privacy transactions by users through technical origins such as proof of zero knowledge, which ensures that their privacy data are not viewed from outside, while supporting the development of more types of privacy applications in the agreement.

2021年以来，至少数十个主打隐私交易的区块链网络出现并获得a16z、红杉资本等主流投资机构的支持，是最受资本市场看好的赛道之一。

Since 2021, a network of at least dozens of block chains, mainly dealing in privacy, has emerged with the support of mainstream investment institutions such as a16z, Redwood Capital and others, one of the most favoured tracks in the capital market.

据不完全统计，隐私交易网络包括Layer1隐私协议与Layer2隐私协议，前者类目之下分别诞生了十多个项目，后者的类目下也诞生了3个项目。目前，隐私交易网络大多数处于测试与开发阶段。

According to incomplete statistics, the privacy trading network includes the Layer1 privacy agreement, which has more than a dozen projects in the former category, and the Layer2 privacy agreement, which has three projects in the latter category. At present, most of the privacy trading network is in the testing and development stages.

2. 隐私计算协议

2. Privacy Calculating Protocol

隐私计算协议，主要从数据的产生、收集、保存、分析、利用、销毁等环节对隐私进行保护，除了常见的DeFi、NFT等场景外，还计划与大数据和AI行业进行深度结合。

Privacy calculation protocols, which primarily protect privacy through data generation, collection, preservation, analysis, use, destruction, and, in addition to common deFi and NFT scenes, are planned for in-depth integration with big data and the AI industry.

与其他形式的隐私项目相比，隐私计算协议是一种更底层的基础设施，具体的交易信息（币种类型与数量等）往往可以通过区块浏览器公开查看，但更强调用户使用数据的隐私。

Compared to other forms of privacy, privacy computing protocols are a lower infrastructure, and specific transaction information (currency type and quantity, etc.) is often publicly accessible through block browsers, with greater emphasis on the privacy of users'use of data.

目前主要的隐私技术包括零知识证明、安全多方计算、基于现代密码学的联邦学习、可信执行环节（TEE）等。

The main privacy technologies at present include proof of zero knowledge, security multi-counting, federal learning based on modern cryptography, credible enforcement links (TEEs).

值得注意的是，隐私计算不是区块链的原生产物，就像分布式存储在区块链诞生之前就已经存在了。而基于区块链的隐私计算与其他类型的隐私计算最根本的不同在于，底层技术区块链是去中心化的，排除可信第三方（TTP）。

It is worth noting that privacy calculation is not the original product of a block chain, just as distributional storage existed before the block chain was born. The fundamental difference between privacy calculation based on a block chain and other types of privacy calculation is that the bottom technical block chain is decentralized to exclude a credible third party (TTP).

目前比较知名的区块链隐私计算网络包括Oasis Network、PlatON、Phala Network、ARPA、Aleph Zero、Findora和Deeper Network等。

The current well-known privacy computing network of block chains includes Oasis Network, Platon, Phala Network, ARPA, Aleph Zero, Findora and Deeper Network.

由于仍然很少被产业型项目所采用，以及部分技术尚不成熟，所以隐私计算网络目前的实际应用场景亦比较有限。

The current physical application of the privacy computing network is also limited, as it is still rarely used in industrial projects and some technologies are not yet mature.

3. 隐私应用

3. Privacy application

隐私应用是指建立在Layer1或Layer2协议之上，为用户或DApp提供不同应用场景隐私保护功能的应用，例如交易、支付、邮件等。

Privacy applications are those that are based on the Layer1 or Layer2 agreements and provide different applications of site privacy protection for users or Dapps, such as transactions, payments, mail, etc.

据不完全统计，隐私应用目前也有16个了。其中，Tornado Cash是目前最为常用的隐私应用，如今许多加密用户都会使用该应用对资产信息进行隐私化处理。

According to incomplete statistics, there are currently 16 privacy applications. Of these, Tornado Cash is the most commonly used privacy application, which is now used by many encryption users for the privacy of asset information.

4. 隐私币

4. Privacy notes

隐私币是指原生支持隐私性的加密货币，外界无法查看交易双方的具体交易类型、金额等信息，通常不支持智能合约及相关应用，最早在2014年就有相关项目诞生。

The private currency refers to an encrypted currency that was originally meant to support privacy and that does not allow the outside world to view information on the specific type of transaction, amount, etc. between the parties to the transaction, often does not support smart contracts and related applications, and the project was born as early as 2014.

据链捕手不完全统计，较为知名的隐私币目前有7种。

The chain catchers are not fully counted, and the more well-known private currency is currently seven.

目前，隐私币普遍发展状况一般，用户量、交易量都大幅小于智能合约平台、DeFi等赛道项目。

At present, the development of the privacy currency is common and the number of users and transactions is significantly lower than the number of smart contract platforms and other track projects such as DeFi.

隐私保护与开放共建

Privacy Protection and Open Together

Web3.0面临监管挑战

Web3.0 faces regulatory challenges

在Web3.0保护隐私和开放共建的背景下，并不意味着Web3.0应用不需要监管。由于Web3.0应用业务模式的巨大革新，监管方式势必会产生大的变化以适应新事物的发展业态。

In the context of Web3.0 protection of privacy and open co-construction, this does not mean that Web3.0 applications need not be regulated. As a result of the huge innovation in Web3.0 application of business models, regulatory approaches are bound to change dramatically in order to adapt to new developments.

事实上，合规性尚不明确正是阻碍隐私计算大规模商用的主要因素之一。

In fact, the lack of clarity about compliance is one of the main factors preventing privacy from calculating large-scale commercial transactions.

虽然与传统明文传输、数据包的流通方式比，隐私计算更利于满足数据合规要求，通过控制原始数据不出域、只传递梯度信息，对输入模型的数据进行脱敏、加密处理等，有效解决数据在二次扩散过程中的安全风险。但仍然存在原始数据被复原、模型泄漏、参与方违背公约，由此导致数据泄漏等合规瑕疵。

While privacy calculations are more conducive to meeting data compliance requirements than traditional modes of explicit transmission, package circulation, and effectively address the safety risks of data during secondary diffusion by controlling raw data out of domain, transmitting only gradient information, desensitizing input models, encryption, etc., there are still defaults in the recovery of raw data, model leaks, participants breaching the Convention, etc.

尤其是现有监管未对数据提供和处理给出明确依据，数据授权、数据分级等操作如何适配监管尚缺乏落地参考，这在应用隐私计算的过程中将导致合规风险进一步加大。

In particular, existing regulations do not provide a clear basis for data availability and processing, and there is a lack of contextual reference on how data authorization, data classification, etc., fit for regulation, which will lead to a further increase in compliance risks in the application of privacy calculations.

因此一些机构在接受采访时表示，在数据安全法、个人信息保护法等新规出台后，各机构主要持谨慎观望状态，行业期望有更多的落地案例提供参考。

As a result, some agencies interviewed indicated that, following the introduction of new regulations such as the Data Security Act, the Personal Information Protection Act and others, agencies were mainly cautiously watching, and industry expected more landing cases to be consulted.

据业内人士观点，围绕隐私计算合规路径，用户匿名和数据保护可能存在这样一种监管方案：

According to industry, user anonymity and data protection may exist as a regulatory scheme for calculating compliance paths around privacy:

在区块链网络底层实现KYC监管，而在中间协议层和应用层实现适度匿名。所谓KYC认证，其实是—种实名认证机制，主要用于预防反洗钱、身份盗窃、金融诈骗等犯罪行为。当然，监管的手段可以是灵活的，用户KYC等信息可以存储在由监管参与的多签网络中。

Controlling KYC at the bottom of the block chain network, while achieving appropriate anonymity at the intermediate protocol level and application level. The so-called KYC certification, in fact, is a real-name certification mechanism designed to prevent offences such as anti-money-laundering, identity theft, financial fraud, etc. Of course, regulation can be flexible, and information such as the user KYC can be stored in multiple-sign networks with regulatory involvement.

但除此之外，隐私计算在数据使用、流转过程中还存在多种问题，比如联合建模的数据使用目的很难被涵盖到授权协议中，如何二次获取用户授权成为难题。

In addition to this, however, there are a number of problems with privacy calculations in the use and flow of data, such as the difficulty of using jointly modelled data for purposes that are covered by the authorization agreement and the difficulty of obtaining second authorization from users.

结语

concluding remarks

过去几年，市场多次传出Web3.0隐私赛道将迎来爆发，但目前来看隐私赛道仍然是个小众市场，用户量与使用量都不高，甚至很多人认为隐私是伪命题。

During the past few years, the market has repeatedly announced that the Web3.0 private track is about to break out, but it is still seen as a small market, with low usage and low usage, even when many consider privacy to be a pseudo-prosecution.

隐私赛道之所以还没有爆发，很大原因在于技术、安全、监管等方面的一些难题还未得到解决，同时市场对于这块领域的需求还未明显展露出来。

The fact that the private track has not yet broken out is largely due to a number of technical, security and regulatory challenges that have not yet been resolved, and the market's demand for this area has not yet been evident.

但长期来看，数据监管政策的出台始终利好于隐私计算市场，这也将进一步推动Web3.0基础设施的发展，让用户享有真正的数据自主权。

In the long run, however, the introduction of data regulation policies has always been better than the private computing market, which will also give further impetus to the development of the Web3.0 infrastructure, giving users genuine data autonomy.

届时，互联网的面貌必定焕然一新。

At that time, the Internet will certainly be a new face.

注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群

文章转载注明 网址：https://netpsp.com/?id=69950