如何使用PHP进行基本的区块链应用开发

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随着区块链技术的发展，越来越多的开发者开始学习如何利用这项技术构建应用程序。php是一种流行的脚本语言，它可以轻松地操纵区块链，并使开发人员能够构建更高级的应用程序。在本文中，我们将探讨如何使用php进行基本的区块链应用开发。

With the development of the technology, a growing number of developers are learning how to use this technology to build applications. The php is a popular script language that can easily manipulate block chains and enable developers to build higher-level applications. In this paper, we will explore how to use php for basic block chain application development.

区块链基础结构

Block chain infrastructure

在了解如何使用PHP构建基本的区块链应用程序之前，我们需要了解一些区块链的基础知识。简单来说，区块链是由许多“块”组成的数据库，每个块都包含一些交易的信息。这些块经过哈希加密处理，形成了一个链。可以将这个链视为一个分布式账本，可以轻松地存储和管理数据。

Before we know how to use PHP to build a basic block chain application, we need to know the basics of some of the block chains. In short, the blocks chain is a database of many blocks, each of which contains information on transactions. These blocks are encrypted by Hashi and form a chain. This chain can be seen as a distributed book that can easily store and manage data.

要进行区块链交易，需要使用钱包软件。一旦安装了钱包，就可以生成一个私钥和一个公钥。私钥用于验证交易的签名，公钥用于接收区块链下一步交易的输入。

When a wallet is installed, you can generate a private key and a public key. The private key is used to verify the signature of the transaction and the public key is used to receive input for the next transaction in the block chain.

在使用PHP构建区块链应用程序之前，请确保已安装以下依赖项：

Before the PHP Built Block Chain application, please ensure that the following dependency items are installed:

开始使用PHP创建区块链

Start using PHP to create block chains

下面是一些使用PHP创建区块链应用程序的步骤。

Below are some of the steps taken to create block chain applications using PHP.

安装Laravel框架

Laravel框架可以帮助我们轻松地构建Web应用程序。可以通过Composer安装Laravel，命令如下：

The Laravel framework helps us to easily construct Web applications.

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blockchain-app
cd blockchain-app

安装Guzzle HTTP客户端

为了能够在你的应用程序中发起HTTP请求，需要使用Guzzle HTTP客户端。可以通过Composer安装Guzzle，命令如下：

In order to be able to launch HTTP requests in your application, a Guzzle HTTP client needs to be used. Guzzle can be installed via Composer with the following command:

composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle

创建区块链类

现在，我们可以开始创建区块链类了。请在app文件夹中创建一个名为Blockchain.php的文件。这个类将处理区块链交易和块的生成。

Now, we can start creating a block chain class. Please create a file called Blockchain.php in the app folder. This class will handle block chain transactions and block generation.

<?php

namespace App;

class Block
{
    # 这个区块的索引
    public $index;

    # 这个块的创建时间戳
    public $timestamp;

    # 包含的数据
    public $data;

    # 上一个块的hash
    public $previousHash;

    # 这个块的hash
    public $hash;

    public function __construct($index, $timestamp, $data, $previousHash='')
    {
        $this->index=$index;
        $this->timestamp=$timestamp;
        $this->data=$data;
        $this->previousHash=$previousHash;
        $this->hash=$this->hashBlock();
    }

    # 对块进行hash加密
    public function hashBlock()
    {
        return hash('sha256', $this->index . $this->timestamp . $this->data . $this->previousHash);
    }
}

class Blockchain
{
    public $chain;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->chain=[
            $this->createGenesisBlock()
        ];
    }

    # 创建创世块
    public function createGenesisBlock()
    {
        return new Block(0, time(), 'Genesis Block', '0');
    }

    # 获取最后一个块
    public function getLastBlock()
    {
        return $this->chain[count($this->chain) - 1];
    }

    # 添加新块
    public function addBlock($newBlock)
    {
        $newBlock->previousHash=$this->getLastBlock()->hash;
        $newBlock->hash=$newBlock->hashBlock();
        $this->chain[]=$newBlock;
    }

    # 验证区块链
    public function isChainValid()
    {
        for ($i=1; $i < count($this->chain); $i++) {
            $currentBlock=$this->chain[$i];
            $previousBlock=$this->chain[$i - 1];
            if ($currentBlock->hash !==$currentBlock->hashBlock()) {
                return false;
            }
            if ($currentBlock->previousHash !==$previousBlock->hash) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

在上面的代码中，我们创建了一个block类，它包含每个块的索引，时间戳，数据，上一个块的hash和当前块的hash。我们还创建了一个Blockchain类。这个类包含了一个区块链数组，以及处理区块链中交易的方法。

In the code above, we created a block class, which contains an index of each block, a time stamp, data, a shash of the previous block, and a shash of the current block. We also created a Blockchain class. This class contains a block chain array and the method of dealing in the block chain.

创建路由

现在，我们需要创建一些路由，以便在我们的应用程序中访问Blockchain类。

Now, we need to create some roads to access the Blockchai class in our application.

请修改routes/web.php文件，添加一个get请求路由：

Please modify the rootes/web.php file by adding a get request route:

<?php

use IlluminateSupportFacadesRoute;
use AppBlockchain;
use AppBlock;

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

Route::get('/blockchain', function () {

    # 创建一个新的区块链对象
    $blockchain=new Blockchain();

    # 创建一个新的“块”
    $block1=new Block(1, time(), 'Block 1');
    $block2=new Block(2, time(), 'Block 2');

    # 添加块到区块链中
    $blockchain->addBlock($block1);
    $blockchain->addBlock($block2);

    # 如有需要，请验证区块链
    #$isValid=$blockchain->isChainValid();

    # 返回JSON格式的区块链
    return response()->json($blockchain, 200);
});

在上面的代码中，我们创建了一个名为“/blockchain”的路由。我们创建了一个新的区块链对象，并创建了两个新的块。我们让新块加入到我们的区块链数组中，最后将区块链返回为JSON格式的字符串。

In the code above, we create a route called "/blockchain ". We create a new block chain object and create two new blocks. We add new blocks to our block chain arrays, and then we return the block chain to a JSON-format string.