以太坊L2到底是什么？

以太坊是目前最流行的智能合约平台之一，但是随着用户数量和交易量的增加，以太坊的性能和扩展性逐渐受到限制。以太坊Layer2（以下简称L2）是以太坊的第二层扩展解决方案，旨在通过在以太坊区块链之上构建新的网络来提高以太坊的可扩展性和性能。

Ether is one of the most popular smart contract platforms in the world, but as the number of users and the volume of transactions increases, the performance and expansion of the etherm is being limited. Ether Layer2 (hereinafter L2) is a second-tier extension solution for the etherm to enhance the ether's scalability and performance by building new networks on the ether block chain.

以太坊L2网络通常基于Plasma、Rollups和Sidechains等技术实现。这些技术可以将交易的处理分离到独立的网络中，从而大大减少区块链的负担，提高交易速度和吞吐量，并降低交易费用。下面我们分别介绍一下这些技术。

Plasma

Plasma是一种分层扩展方案，它将原始区块链分成多个分片，并在每个分片中运行一个类似区块链的子链。这些子链可以独立处理交易，从而提高整个网络的吞吐量和性能。

Plasma is a stratification scheme that divides the original block chain into multiple fragments and runs a subchain in each fragment that is similar to the block chain. These chains can handle transactions independently, thereby increasing the volume and performance of the entire network.

Plasma的核心思想是将交易提交到一个较小的子链中，只有在需要时才将结果提交到主链中。这样可以减少主链上的负担，提高交易的速度和吞吐量。同时，由于子链的规模更小，验证和确认交易所需的计算资源也会减少。

Plasma’s central idea is to submit the transaction to a smaller subsystem, with results to the main chain only when needed. This reduces the burden on the main chain, increases the speed and volume of the transaction.

Rollups

Rollups是另一种L2扩展方案，它将原始交易打包到一个单一的交易中，并将这个交易提交到区块链中进行验证。这个单一的交易可以包含成千上万个原始交易，从而大大减少区块链上的交易量。

Rollups is another L2 extension that wraps the original transaction into a single transaction and refers it to the block chain for validation. This single transaction can contain thousands of original transactions, thereby significantly reducing the volume of transactions in the block chain.

Rollups通常分为两种类型：Optimistic Rollups和ZK Rollups。Optimistic Rollups是一种基于乐观假设的Rollup解决方案，它假设所有的交易都是有效的，并在需要时进行验证和确认。而ZK Rollups则是一种基于零知识证明的Rollup解决方案，它通过零知识证明来验证和确认交易的有效性，从而提高网络的安全性和隐私性。

Sidechains

Sidechains是一种将原始交易从主链移动到独立网络中的L2解决方案。这些独立网络可以使用不同的共识算法、区块大小和交易费用，从而提供更高的吞吐量和更低的交易费用。

Sidechais is an L2 solution to move the original transaction from the main chain to an independent network that can use different consensus algorithms, block sizes and transaction costs, thereby providing higher throughput and lower transaction costs.

Sidechains通常包括两个主要部分：主链和侧链。主链是原始区块链，而侧链是基于主链的独立网络。用户可以将资产从主链移动到侧链，进行更快速、更便宜的交易，然后将资产移回主链。侧链还可以与其他侧链互操作，从而进一步提高整个网络的互操作性和可扩展性。

Sidechaiss usually consists of two main components: the main chain and the side chain. The primary chain is the original block chain, while the side chain is an independent network based on the main chain. Users can move assets from the main chain to the side chain, make faster and cheaper transactions, and then move assets back to the main chain. The side chain can also interact with other side chains, further enhancing the interoperability and expansionability of the network as a whole.

无论是Plasma、Rollups还是Sidechains，它们都可以在以太坊L2网络中为去中心化应用（DApps）提供更高的性能、更低的交易费用和更好的用户体验。下面我们来看一些以太坊L2网络的实际应用。

Whether it is Plasma, Rollups or Sidechains, they can provide higher performance, lower transaction costs and better user experience for decentralised applications in the Etherlo L2 network. Here we look at the practical application of some of the and

Uniswap V3

Uniswap是一个去中心化的交易平台，它允许用户在以太坊上进行任意ERC-20代币的交易。然而，由于以太坊的性能和扩展性限制，Uniswap的交易费用和处理时间都很高。

Uniswap is a decentralised trading platform that allows users to make random transactions of the ERC-20 in Etheria. However, Uniswap has high transaction costs and processing times due to Ether’s performance and expansion constraints.

为了解决这个问题，Uniswap V3使用了Optimistic Rollups技术，将交易提交到独立网络中进行处理，从而大大降低了交易费用和处理时间。

In order to address this problem, Uniswap V3 used the Optimistic Rollups technology to submit transactions for processing in an independent network, thereby significantly reducing transaction costs and processing time.

Aave

Aave是一个去中心化的借贷平台，它允许用户在以太坊上借贷各种ERC-20代币。然而，由于以太坊的性能和扩展性限制，Aave的交易费用和处理时间都很高。

Aave is a decentralised lending platform that allows users to borrow various ERC-20 tokens in Ether. However, Aave’s transaction costs and processing time are high due to Ether’s performance and extension constraints.

为了解决这个问题，Aave使用了Polygon技术，将交易提交到一个侧链中进行处理。这样可以大大降低交易费用和处理时间，同时保持与以太坊的互操作性。

To address this problem, Aave uses Polygon technology to refer transactions to a side chain for processing. This can significantly reduce transaction costs and processing time, while maintaining interoperability with Etheria.

Immutable X

Immutable X是一个基于以太坊的NFT市场，它允许用户在以太坊上交易各种数字艺术品。然而，由于以太坊的性能和扩展性限制，Immutable X的交易费用和处理时间都很高。

Immutable X is an NFT market based on the Etherm, which allows users to trade in digital art on the Etherm. However, Immutable X's transaction costs and processing times are high due to the Etherm's performance and extension constraints.

为了解决这个问题，Immutable X使用了ZK Rollups技术，将交易提交到一个独立网络中进行处理。这样可以大大降低交易费用和处理时间，同时保持与以太坊的互操作性。

To solve this problem, Immutable X uses ZK Rollups technology to refer transactions to an independent network for processing. This can significantly reduce transaction costs and processing time, while maintaining interoperability with Etheria.

总之，以太坊L2网络是以太坊的一个重要扩展解决方案，可以提高以太坊的可扩展性和性能，同时为去中心化应用提供更好的用户体验。Plasma、Rollups和Sidechains等技术可以帮助以太坊L2网络实现这些目标，同时还有许多实际应用可以证明它们的有效性和实用性。

In short, the Ether-L2 network is an important extension solution for the Ether-Team, which enhances its scalability and performance, while providing better user experience for decentralizing applications. Technologies such as Plasma, Rollups, and Sidechains can help Ether-L2 to achieve these goals, and there are many practical applications that can prove their effectiveness and usefulness.