Web3 安全入门避坑指南|假钱包与私钥助记词泄露风险

币圈资讯 阅读:37 2024-05-17 19:54:39 评论:0
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Web3安全入门第二期:从何下载假钱包?

背景

在Web3世界中,钱包扮演着至关重要的角色。它不仅是数字资产的存储工具,更是用户进行交易和访问DApp的必要工具。在上一期Web3安全入门避坑指南中,我们主要介绍了钱包的分类,并列举了常见风险点,帮助读者形成基本的钱包安全概念。随着加密货币和区块链技术的普及,黑产也盯上了Web3用户的资金。根据慢雾安全团队收到的被盗表单,可以看到有许多用户是因下载/购买假钱包而被盗。因此,本期我们将探讨为什么会下载/购买到假钱包,以及私钥/助记词的泄露风险,还将提供一系列的安全建议,帮助用户保障资金安全。

下载到假钱包

由于很多手机不支持Google Play Store或者因为网络问题,很多人会从其他途径下载钱包,比如:

第三方下载站

一些用户会通过第三方下载站如apkcombo、apkpure等下载钱包,这些站点往往标榜自己的App是从Google Play Store镜像下载的,但是其真实安全性如何呢?慢雾安全团队曾对Web3假钱包第三方源进行过调查分析,结果显示第三方下载站apkcombo提供的钱包版本实际上并不存在。一旦用户在开始界面创建钱包或导入钱包助记词,假钱包就会将助记词等信息发送到钓鱼网站的服务端。

搜索引擎

搜索引擎的结果排名是可以买到的,这也就导致出现过假官网排名还比真官网靠前的情况,因此不建议用户直接通过搜索引擎搜索钱包,然后点击排名靠前的链接来下载钱包,这样很有可能会进到一个假官网,然后下载到一个假钱包。用户在不清楚官网网址是什么的情况下,仅凭网站的展示页面很难判断出这是不是个假网站,因为骗子制作出的假网站与真官方网站极为相似,可以以假乱真。因此,也不建议用户在推特或其他平台上点击其他用户分享的链接,这种多为钓鱼链接。

亲友/杀猪盘

区块链黑暗森林里要保持零信任,你的亲友或许并没有要害你的想法,但是他们下载到钱包可能是假的,只是暂时还没有被盗,所以如果你通过他们分享的二维码/链接下载钱包,那么也有可能下载到假钱包。

慢雾安全团队收到过多份杀猪盘事件的被盗表单,骗子的套路往往是先获取受害者信任,然后引导受害者参与加密货币投资并分享假钱包的下载链接,最后结局是受害者即被骗了感情,又损失了资金。因此,广大用户应对网友保持警惕,特别是对方拉你投资或发不明链接给你时,不要轻信。

Telegram

在Telegram上,通过搜索知名钱包,我们发现了一些虚假官方建立的群组。骗子会自称该群是某钱包的官方频道,甚至在群内提醒广大用户认准唯一官方官网链接,然而这些链接都是假的。

新闻稿

如何避免下载到假钱包?以下是一些建议

对于加密货币爱好者来说,如何避免下载到假钱包成为一个重要的问题。当前,市场上出现了一些假冒钱包,给用户带来了损失。下面给大家介绍一些避免下载假钱包的方法:

首先,用户需要特别提醒的是,官方应用商城里的应用不一定安全,一些不法分子通过购买关键词排名引流等方式诱导用户下载欺诈 App,请广大读者注意甄别。

为了避免下载到假钱包,用户可选择官网下载的方式。找到真官网的能力不仅在下载钱包时会用到,用户后续参与 Web3 项目时也会用到,因此我们建议用户在下载前确认链接的准确性,并将链接保存到书签以减少进入假官网的概率。

另外,用户可以通过官方应用商城如 Apple Store,Google Play Store 等下载钱包,在下载前,一定要先查看应用开发者信息,确保其与官方公布的开发者身份一致,还可以参考应用评分、下载量等信息。

对于已经下载的钱包,用户可以进行文件一致性校验,通过比较文件的哈希值来确定文件是否在传输或存储过程中发生了更改。如果用户验证出自己的钱包是假的,建议立即停止使用,并及时向官方进行举报。

官网下载

找真官网的能力不仅在下载钱包时会用到,用户后续参与 Web3 项目时也会用到,所以我们在这里讲下如何找到正确的官网。

那么,用户怎么做才能避免下载到假钱包呢?

官方版本校验

看到这里的部分读者或许会想,那该如何验证自己下载到的钱包是不是真钱包呢?用户可以做文件一致性校验,这个操作是通过比较文件的哈希值来确定文件是否在传输或存储过程中发生了更改。用户只需要将之前下载到的 apk 文件拖入文件哈希验证工具中,这个工具就会使用哈希函数(如 MD5、SHA-256 等)生成文件的哈希值,如果这个值与官方给出的哈希值匹配,则是真钱包;如果不匹配,则是假钱包。如果用户验证出自己的钱包是假的话该怎么做呢?

1. 及时停止使用假钱包

2. 向官方进行举报

应用商城

用户可以通过官方应用商城如 Apple Store,Google Play Store 等下载钱包,但是在下载前,一定要先查看应用开发者信息,确保其与官方公布的开发者身份一致,还可以参考应用评分、下载量等信息。

```html

首先要确认泄露的范围,如果只是下载了假钱包但没有输入私钥/助记词,那么只需删除该应用并重新下载官方版本即可。

2. 如果私钥/助记词已经导入到了假钱包,意味着私钥/助记词已经泄露,请到官网下载正版钱包并导入私钥/助记词,新建一个地址来快速转移可转移的资产。

3. 如果您的加密货币不幸被盗,我们将免费提供案件评估的社区协助服务,仅需要您按照分类指引(资金被盗/遭遇诈骗/遭遇勒索)提交表单即可。同时,您提交的黑客地址也将同步至 InMist 威胁情报合作网络进行风控。(注:中文表单提交至 https://aml.slowmist.com/cn/recovery-funds.html,英文表单提交至 https://aml.slowmist.com/recovery-funds.html

购买到假硬件钱包

以上说的情况是为什么会下载到假钱包和解决措施,我们再来说说为什么会购买到假硬件钱包。

有些用户选择在线上商城购买硬件钱包,但是这种非官方授权店铺的硬件钱包有非常大的安全隐患,因为在钱包到用户手上之前,会经多少人之手,内部组件是否被篡改过,这些都是不确定的。如果内部组件被篡改过了,从外表和功能上是很难看出问题的。

(https://www.kaspersky ``` 硬件钱包供应链攻击风险与防范指南

硬件钱包供应链攻击风险与防范指南


Where to download fake wallets in the second phase of security introduction? Wallets play a vital role in the world. It is not only a storage tool for digital assets, but also a necessary tool for users to conduct transactions and access. In the last issue of the security introduction pit avoidance guide, we mainly introduced the classification of wallets and listed common risk points to help readers form a basic concept of wallet security. With the popularization of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, black products are also eyeing users' funds according to the stolen form received by the slow fog security team. We can see that many users were stolen because they downloaded and bought fake wallets. Therefore, in this issue, we will discuss why they downloaded and bought fake wallets and the risk of leakage of private key mnemonics. We will also provide a series of security suggestions to help users ensure the safe download of funds to fake wallets. Because many mobile phones do not support it or because of network problems, many people will download wallets from other channels, such as third-party download stations. Some users will download wallets through third-party download stations, etc. These sites often advertise themselves as. Downloaded from the mirror, but what is its real security? The slow fog security team conducted an investigation and analysis on the third-party sources of fake wallets. The results show that the wallet version provided by the third-party download station does not actually exist. Once the user creates the wallet or imports the wallet mnemonic in the initial interface, the fake wallet will send the mnemonic and other information to the server search engine of the phishing website, and the result ranking of the search engine can be bought, which also leads to the situation that the fake official website ranks higher than the real official website. It is not recommended that users directly search for wallets through search engines and then click on the top-ranked links to download wallets, so it is very likely that they will enter a fake official website and then download to a fake wallet. It is difficult for users to judge whether this is a fake website only by the website's display page without knowing what the official website website is, because the fake website made by scammers is very similar to the real official website, so it is not recommended that users click on the links shared by other users on Twitter or other platforms. In the dark forest, it is necessary to keep zero trust in your relatives and friends, but the wallet they downloaded may be fake, but it has not been stolen for the time being, so if you download the wallet through the QR code link they shared, it may also be downloaded to a fake wallet. The slow fog security team received many stolen forms of killing pig plates. The routine of scammers is to gain the trust of the victims first, and then guide them to participate in cryptocurrency investment. The final result of sharing the download link of fake wallet is that the victim has been cheated and lost money. Therefore, users should be vigilant against netizens, especially when the other party pulls you to invest or sends you an unknown link. We found some fake official groups by searching for famous wallets. Liars will claim that the group is the official channel of a wallet and even remind users to identify the only official official website link in the group. However, these links are fake press releases. How to avoid downloading fake money? The following are some suggestions for cryptocurrency lovers. How to avoid downloading fake wallets has become an important issue. At present, some fake wallets have appeared in the market, which has brought losses to users. Here are some ways to avoid downloading fake wallets. First of all, users need to pay special attention to the fact that the applications in the official application mall are not necessarily safe. Some lawless elements induce users to download fraud by purchasing keywords, ranking and draining. Please pay attention to screening in order to avoid downloading fake wallets. Wallet users can choose the way of downloading in official website to find the real official website, which will be used not only when downloading wallets, but also when users participate in subsequent projects. Therefore, we suggest that users confirm the accuracy of the link before downloading and save the link to bookmarks to reduce the probability of entering the fake official website. In addition, users can download wallets through the official application mall, etc. Before downloading, they must first check the information of application developers to ensure that they are consistent with the officially announced developer identity, and also refer to the application to score the download volume. For the downloaded wallet, users can check the consistency of files by comparing the hash values of files to determine whether the files have changed during transmission or storage. If users verify that their wallets are fake, they are advised to stop using them immediately and report to the authorities in time. official website's ability to download and find the real official website will be used not only when downloading wallets, but also when users participate in subsequent projects. So we will talk about how to find the correct official website here, so what can users do? Avoid downloading to a fake wallet? Official version verification Some readers who see this may wonder how to verify whether the wallet they downloaded is a real wallet. Users can do file consistency verification. This operation is to determine whether the file has changed during transmission or storage by comparing the hash value of the file. Users only need to drag the previously downloaded file into the file hash verification tool, which will use hash functions to generate the hash value of the file. If this value is the same as that of the official, If the hash value given by Fang matches the real wallet, if it doesn't, it is a fake wallet. If the user verifies that his wallet is fake, what should he do? Stop using the fake wallet in time and report it to the official. Users of the application mall can download the wallet through the official application mall, but before downloading, they must first check the information of the application developer to ensure that it is consistent with the official developer identity. You can also refer to the information such as the application score and download volume. First, if they just download the fake wallet, they must confirm the scope of leakage. If the private key mnemonic has been imported into the fake wallet, it means that the private key mnemonic has been leaked. Please download the genuine wallet in official website and import the private key mnemonic to create an address to quickly transfer the transferable assets. If your cryptocurrency is unfortunately stolen, we will provide community assistance service for case evaluation for free. You only need to submit the form according to the classification guidelines. That is, at the same time, the hacker address you submitted will also be synchronized to the threat intelligence cooperation network for risk control. Note that the Chinese form is submitted to the English form until the fake hardware wallet is purchased. The above situation is why the fake hardware wallet is downloaded and the solutions. Let's talk about why some users choose to buy the hardware wallet online. However, the hardware wallet of this unofficial authorized store has great security risks, because it is uncertain whether the internal components have been tampered with before the wallet reaches the users. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

在使用加密货币的过程中,硬件钱包是一种比较安全的资产存储方式。然而,最近出现了一些关于假冒硬件钱包的报道。比如,一家名为“SlowMist”的区块链安全公司表示,他们购买了一台冒充Trezor品牌硬件钱包的产品,而这个假钱包实际上是由黑客篡改的。这种情况让人深感担忧,也提醒了我们采取必要措施应对可能的硬件钱包供应链攻击。

(相关报道链接:https://www.chainnews.com/articles/885059508011.htm)

以下是我们提供的一些应对硬件钱包供应链攻击的方法:

官方渠道购买:这是解决供应链攻击最有效的办法。不要从非官方渠道购买硬件钱包,如线上商城,代购,网友等。

检查外观:拿到钱包后先检查外包装是否有被破坏过的痕迹,这是最基本的,虽然黑客大概率不会在这一步就暴露。

官网真机验证:部分硬件钱包提供官网真机验证服务,用户初始化钱包时,设备会提示用户进行官网真机验证。如果运输过程中设备被篡改,将无法通过官网真机验证。

拆机自毁机制:可以选择购买带拆机自毁机制的硬件钱包,当有人试图打开硬件钱包并篡改内部组件时,会触发自毁机制,安全芯片内的敏感信息将全部自动擦除,设备也将无法继续使用。

私钥/助记词泄露风险

通过上述内容,大家应该学会怎么下载或购买到真钱包了,那么如何保管好私钥/助记词又是一个问题。私钥/助记词是恢复钱包和控制资产的唯一凭证。私钥是由字母和数字组成的 64 位长度的十六进制字符串,助记词则一般由 12 个单词组成。慢雾安全团队在此提醒,如果私钥/助记词泄露,钱包资产就极有可能被盗,我们来看几个导致私钥/助记词泄露的常见原因:

保密不当:用户可能会把私钥/助记词告诉亲友,让他们帮忙保存,结果资金被亲友盗走。

网络存储或传输私钥/助记词:一些用户尽管知道私钥/助记词不应该被告诉给别人,但他们会通过微信收藏、拍照、截屏、云端存储、备忘录等方式来保存私钥/助记词。一旦这些平台账号被黑客收集并成功攻破,私钥/助记词很容易被盗取。

复制粘贴私钥/助记词:许多剪贴板工具和输入法会将用户的剪贴板记录上传到云端,使得私钥/助记词暴露在不安全的环境中。而且,木马软件也可以在用户复制私钥/助记词时盗取剪贴板中的信息,因此,不建议用户复制粘贴私钥/助记词,这个看似没有什么问题的行为实际上存在很大的泄露风险。

那么如何避免私钥/助记词泄露呢?

首先,不要将私钥/助记词告诉任何人,包括亲友。其次,尽量选择物理介质保存私钥/助记词,避免黑客通过网络攻击等手段获取私钥/助记词。例如,将私钥/助记词抄写到质量好的纸上(还可以塑封)或者使用助记词密盒来保存。另外,设置多重签名、分散存储私钥/助记词等方式也可以提升私钥/助记词的安全性。关于如何备份私钥/助记词,大家可以阅读慢雾出品的《区块链黑暗森林自救手册》:https://github.com/slowmist/Blockchain-dark-forest-selfguard-handbook/blob/main/README_CN.md

总结

本期文章主要讲解了下载/购买钱包时的风险,找到真官网和验证钱包真伪的方法,以及私钥/助记词的泄露风险。希望本期内容可以帮助大家走稳进入黑暗森林的第一步,下期我们将讲解使用钱包时的风险,如被钓鱼、签名、授权风险,欢迎追更。(Ps. 本文提到的品牌及图片,仅作辅助读者理解之用,不构成推荐与担保)。

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