浅析FHE全同态加密技术:拓展Crypto隐私交易想象空间

币圈资讯 阅读:40 2024-04-22 12:23:10 评论:0
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听了Epicenter播客对ZAMA CEO的采访,再次焦虑脑容量不足了。简单来说,FHE是比ZKP零知识证明更为高级的加密技术,可以在更大范围内,比如云存储,基因预测,生物识别,Crypto隐私交易等方面都实现数据隐私传输。恰好最近VC对FHE也特别关注,简单谈谈我的理解:

1.FHE全称为(Fully homomophic Encryption)全同态加密,允许人们对特定形式加密数据进行运算,而不必解密暴露数据隐私。它是在互联网更宏大范畴下的技术概念,已经由来许久,最近被Crypto领域关注主要是由于Fhenix Network把FHE功能整合进了以太坊中,推出了fhEVM方案。任一开发者可以将FHE功能以pre-compile binary的形式加入到交易流中。

2.这会释放哪些想象空间呢?比如,游戏场景,玩家手上的卡牌可以在不暴露的前提下,平台可以对其展开运算推动游戏进行,促进这类游戏的“公平性”;DAO投票场景,巨鲸参与治理投票可以不暴露自己的投票数量,但不影响协议输出投票结果;

隐私交易场景,用户可以向mempool传入完全加密的交易,可以不暴露自己的交易amount等隐私信息;监管合规场景,goverment可以监控涉及资金境外流向的交易,在不查看合法交易的前提下,把涉及黑名单地址的资产扣除,等等。想象空间比ZKP大了一个梯级;

3.FHE和ZKP有啥区别呢?简单理解,ZKP解决了数据加密状态下的一致性传输问题,提交数据方在隐藏具体数据前提下可以向接收数据方证明数据的真实性,这是一种点对点的加密方案,尤其是轻量化的zk-SNARKS在layer2 Rollup中得到了广泛应用;

而FHE则是要解决加密数据传输状态下的再运算问题,这是一种多对多的更广泛加密方案。之所以还没那么普及,在于过程中会消耗大量的算力且效率低下。

4.ZAMA公司建立了fhEVM解决方案,可以让FHE应用到区块链领域,Phenix network则以类似SDK嵌入整合的方式,把FHE模块化成一个预编译处理过程加入到更多区块链路中,但目前更适合于OP-rollup,甚至还可以设置管道,只针对特别的交易进行FHE功能加载。

这意味着,用户在layer2上可以选择是否经FHE发起交易来保护自己的隐私,相比nature交易会费用高一点,但却多了安全隐私性。这势必会吸引一些MM做市商以及对隐私交易注重的机构用户。

需求和场景已经通了,关键就在于效率和性能以及费用的综合tradeoff了。

我个人认为,隐私交易会是一个交易扩容问题之后下一个精细化趋势赛道。目前扩容问题的核心已然不是infra技术了,反倒监管、市场等Mass Adoption等必要条件有所欠缺,而隐私交易则是通过技术infra优化,进一步细分了用户、交易以及使用场景,某种程度上会有类似ZKP技术一样广泛的应用。

我们可以想象FHE技术加持下,DEX和CEX的交易体验gap被降低,一些layer3的隐私应用链能有更闭环安全的交易体验,一些游戏能够解决链上随机存在的安全问题,甚至监管也能更合规且不过度干涉的形式介入。想象空间足够大,只是现在TPS确实很低,每秒2-5笔TXS的水平勉强可以接近EVM主网水平吧,想要达到rollup万级的交易处理容量,还需要很长的路要走。


After listening to the podcast interview, I feel anxious again that my brain capacity is insufficient. Simply speaking, it is more advanced than zero-knowledge proof. Encryption technology can realize data privacy transmission in a wider range than cloud storage, gene prediction, biometric privacy transaction, etc. Just recently, I have paid special attention to it. My understanding is called homomorphic encryption, which allows people to operate on specific forms of encrypted data without decrypting and exposing data privacy. It is a technical concept under the broader scope of the Internet. Recently, it has been paid attention to by the field mainly because of the integration of functions into the Ethereum and the introduction of a scheme. Any developer can add functions to the transaction flow in a new form. What imagination space will be released? For example, the cards in the hands of players in game scenes can be operated by the platform to promote the fairness of such games without exposure. The voting scene in which whales participate in governance voting can not expose their voting numbers, but it will not affect the privacy trading field of the agreement output voting results. Scenarios Users can supervise and comply with the incoming completely encrypted transactions without revealing their private information such as their own transactions. Scenarios can monitor transactions involving the overseas flow of funds, deduct assets involving blacklisted addresses without looking at legitimate transactions, and so on. What's the difference? Simply understand and solve the problem of consistent transmission in the encrypted state of data. The submitting party can prove the authenticity of the data to the receiving party on the premise of hiding specific data. This is one. This kind of point-to-point encryption scheme, especially lightweight encryption scheme, has been widely used in China, but it is to solve the re-calculation problem of encrypted data transmission. This is a many-to-many wider encryption scheme. The reason why it is not so popular is that it will consume a lot of computing power and is inefficient in the process. The company has established a solution that can be applied to the blockchain field, but it is more suitable to add modularity into a pre-compilation process to more blockchain in a similar way of embedding and integration. You can even set up a pipeline to load functions only for special transactions, which means that users can choose whether to initiate transactions to protect their privacy. Compared with the fair, the cost is a little higher, but there is more security and privacy, which is bound to attract some market makers and institutions that pay attention to privacy transactions. The key lies in the combination of efficiency, performance and cost. Personally, I think the privacy fair will be the next refined trend track after the issue of transaction expansion. At present, the core of the expansion problem is not technology, but the necessary conditions such as supervising the market are lacking, while the privacy transaction is further subdivided by technology optimization, and the usage scenarios will be as widely used as similar technologies to some extent. We can imagine that the privacy application chain with the help of technology will have a more closed-loop and secure transaction experience, and some games can solve the random security problems in the chain, and even the supervision can be more compliant and not excessive. The form of intervention is large enough to imagine, but the level of transactions per second is really low now, which can barely approach the level of the main network. It still takes a long way to reach the transaction processing capacity of 10,000 levels. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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