铭文市场火热 BTC L2会像以太坊 L2一样辉煌吗?

币圈资讯 阅读:38 2024-04-22 11:54:24 评论:0
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作者:Haotian,加密观察员 来源:X @tmel0211

铭文市场火了之后,很多人对 BTC L2 投入了过多的期许,认为 BTC 2 层会像以太坊 Layer2 一样辉煌?

然而事实是,比特币生态的“成功”可能很长时间会停滞在“资产发行”叙事阶段,要复刻以太坊的生态多样玩法,或许根本行不通。Why?接下来分享几个技术逻辑:

BTC 和以太坊属于两个异族链种,前者是一条“无状态”链,后者则基于智能合约实现了复杂的可组合性金融业务逻辑。

要照搬以太坊上的 DEX、Lending、Derivatives、Aggregator 等多样金融玩法到比特币链上,关键得为比特币构建可编程的“状态+计算+验证”能力。

- 状态:目前比特币 UTXO 集合仅能计算出实时“余额”,历史余额,历史记录这些构成合约的基础状态根本就无法实现;

- 计算:可以把比特币 ScriptPubkey 脚本中的 UTXO 解锁条件当成它的核心计算能力,但这种计算能力非常受限,很难表达复杂业务逻辑;

- 验证:比特币网络全节点可以验证 UTXO 余额和脚本签名等信息,但仅限于这些基础验证本身,比特币网络甚至无法验证这些逻辑的具体执行效果。

总之,要想在比特币上实现复杂的金融应用,需要基于比特币上有限的“能力”来做延展,构建一套具备”状态+计算+验证“的可编程框架。

我们回看以太坊扩容路线,分别经历了 Plasma、Rollup、Validium 等多条路线探索,最终选择了 Rollup 作为主流,而比特币的扩容最早出现的区块大小调整,SegWit 隔离见证等早已落下帷幕,目前主要处在侧链 Stacks、客户端验证 RGB、状态通道验证 Lightning Network 的正统性纷争中。

由于 Plasma 的侧链没办法支持智能合约,Validium 又过于独立,无法继承主网的安全性。Rollup 路线能杀出重围恰恰因为其既能沿用以太坊 DA 的安全性,又足够灵活提升 TPS 的上限,关键是主网 Rollup 合约可由主网 Validators 做验证,Layer2 的用户还有发起挑战撤回资金的权益。尽管在实际践行过程中部分环节不尽人意,但理论上 Rollup 方案也算获得了主流的市场共识。

参照之下,比特币侧链、客户端验证、状态通道验证目前发展各成一派:

- 侧链 Stacks:支持智能合约,应用类型也广泛,但属于比特币之外的独立共识,很难受大众一致认可;

- 客户端验证 RGB:沿用了主网 UTXO 模型,链下客户端可以处理更多复杂的交易,但其和比特币主网没有双向校验和约束能力,发展势头还不成气候;

- 状态通道 Lightning Network:由于靠近 bitcoin 核心开发者,现阶段被视为相对正统的扩容赛道,但闪电网络发展太慢了,最近新出了个 Taproot Assets 结果还只是跑在主网上的资产,真正落地到闪电网络也还很难说。

如果以以太坊的范本来对照,一个成熟的 layer2 至少受主网安全保护,且扩容效果要明显,最关键是能跑智能合约有多元场景。以此为标准,侧链,客户端验证,状态通道似乎都达不到标准。

- 受主网保护:闪电网络 > 客户端验证 > 侧链;

- 扩容性效果:侧链 > 客户端验证 > 闪电网络;

- 合约性特征:侧链 > 客户端验证 > 闪电网络。

扩容路线的新教旨对比一下就很清楚了:如果安全是本位那铁定得等待闪电网络发展成规模,如果只追求扩容那别试图整改比特币了,一个合适的侧链可以解决一切问题,如果想同时兼顾三者,客户端验证 RGB 则是最优解。

问题来了,到底哪条路线才值得托付比特币 layer2 的愿景呢?

1. 侧链:虽然都可以做到,但这是一条独立共识链,和以太坊没啥两样,逻辑悖论出现了,我们已经有了以太坊这样的超级智能合约验证网络,

为啥要搞一个全新的比特币侧链呢?让比特币守着其价值存储链的位置,其他以太坊类似的链来拓展开发想象空间,不更完美吗?非要开倒车意义何在?

2. 客户端验证:和以太坊的 Rollup 类似,RGB 客户端验证的综合性能更适合于做比特币主流扩容,这块市场和它的名字一样,目前还是一个“黑盒子”,能发展到什么程度还未知,还不能过早下定论;

3. 状态通道:由于 Lightning labs 的正统性,闪电网络一度被给予扩容比特币的厚望。但 Taproot Assets 之后,闪电网络偏支付网络特性,会最终导向一个偏以太坊 Plasma 支付网络的侧链方案,恐怕也很难成为想象中可以承接多种金融玩法的二层。

本质上,试图把以太坊的多样金融玩法照搬到比特币,有些操之过急了。比特币生态的延展空间或许会很大,但未必会照搬以太坊。

试想,在以太坊上玩创新,也受其背后既定的原教旨主义影响,何况教旨和教义会更严苛的比特币呢?

以上。

以太坊 layer2 局面繁荣,是因为其智能合约本身的可组合变成性可以无限组合叠乐高,整个过程最大的风险其实是共识过载,但在有效载荷内的多样玩法已经足以给开发者一片广阔的舞台。

而比特币 layer2 生态,由于其本身基础功能太薄弱了,可延展空间又过于丰富,奈何其本身安全共识又过于严苛。成也共识,败也共识,共识为比特币构建了绝对壁垒,但其也是生态创新受限的根本。

所以,混沌加矛盾,大部分资本、机构、主流用户群体,才会有看不懂的感觉。

比特币生态外 VC 们拿着巨资但却守在门外进不来,因为不知道比特币 Build 的叙事究竟该怎么讲才能逻辑 Make Sense,而比特币生态内的开发者,在各个路线之间摇摆不定,缺乏统一的开发方向。

广大散户虽然群情 fomo 但大家都只关心铭文发币可能造就的财富神话,无人去问津 Build 的事。

太坊生态的资产发行路线虽然形式多样但终归围绕“价值捕获”的暗线,无论是 VC 驱动还是散户驱动,最终都要有价值沉淀。

比特币生态其实也一样,市场不可能永远停留在纯“资产发行”的繁荣阶段,终归要有技术持续突破,有人持续 build,有项目持续发展。

这个市场不能全部都是 MEME。


After the inscription of the author's encrypted observer source is on fire, many people expect that the layer will be as brilliant as Ethereum. However, the fact is that the success of Bitcoin ecology may be stagnant in the narrative stage of asset issuance for a long time. It may not be feasible to reproduce the ecological diversity of Ethereum. Next, sharing several technical logics and Ethereum belong to two alien chains. The former is a stateless chain, and the latter is based on smart contracts to achieve complex composable financial business logic. The key to moving various financial games from the Ethereum to the bitcoin chain is to build a programmable state calculation verification ability state for bitcoin. At present, the bitcoin collection can only calculate the real-time balance history, and the basic state of these contracts cannot be calculated at all. The unlocking conditions in the bitcoin script can be regarded as its core computing ability, but this computing ability is very limited, and it is difficult to express complex business logic verification. All nodes in the bitcoin network can verify the balance and script sign. Name and other information are limited to these basic verifications, but the Bitcoin network can't even verify the specific implementation effect of these logics. In short, in order to realize complex financial applications on Bitcoin, it is necessary to extend and build a programmable framework with state calculation verification based on the limited capabilities of Bitcoin. Looking back, the expansion routes of Ethereum have gone through many routes and finally chose the mainstream, and the earliest block size adjustment and isolation witness of Bitcoin expansion has long since fallen behind. At present, the curtain is mainly in the orthodox dispute over the authentication of the status channel of the side chain client, because the side chain can't support the smart contract and is too independent to inherit the security route of the main network. It is precisely because it can not only continue the security of Ethereum but also be flexible enough to improve the upper limit. The key is that the users of the main network contract can be verified by the main network and the rights and interests of initiating challenges to withdraw funds. Although some links are not satisfactory in the actual practice process, in theory, the scheme has gained the mainstream. Under the reference of market consensus, the verification of bitcoin side chain client verification status channel is developing in different schools. The side chain supports a wide range of smart contracts, but it is difficult to reach an independent consensus outside Bitcoin. The public unanimously agrees that client verification follows the main network model. Under the chain, the client can handle more complex transactions, but it has no two-way checksum constraint ability with the bitcoin main network, and the development momentum is not yet climate status channel. Because it is close to the core developers, it is regarded as a relatively orthodox expansion at this stage. However, the development of lightning network is too slow on the track. Recently, there is a new result that only the assets running on the main network really land on the lightning network. It is hard to say that if we compare the model of Ethereum with a mature model that is at least protected by the main network and has obvious expansion effect, the most important thing is to be able to run smart contracts with multiple scenarios as the standard. The side chain client verifies the status channel, and it seems that all the channels are not up to the standard. The lightning network client verifies the expansion effect of the side chain, and the side chain client verifies the lightning network combination. Contractual characteristics: the Protestant purpose of the client side chain to verify the expansion route of lightning network is very clear. If safety is the standard, it must wait for the lightning network to develop into a scale. If it only pursues expansion, don't try to rectify Bitcoin. A suitable side chain can solve all problems. If you want to take care of all three at the same time, client verification is the optimal solution. The question is, which route is worthy of the vision of entrusting Bitcoin? Although the side chain can do it, it is an independent consensus chain and Ethereum. What two logical paradoxes have emerged? We already have a super-intelligent contract verification network like Ethereum. Why should we build a brand-new bitcoin side chain? Let Bitcoin keep its position as a value storage chain. Other similar chains in Ethereum can expand and develop the imagination space. Isn't it more perfect to drive backwards? What is the significance of client verification and similar client verification in Ethereum? The comprehensive performance is more suitable for mainstream expansion of bitcoin. This market is still a black box as its name suggests. It is still unknown to what extent, and it is not too early to draw a conclusion. Due to the orthodoxy of lightning network, the state channel was once given high hopes for expanding bitcoin, but then the characteristics of lightning network's partial payment network will eventually lead to a side chain scheme of partial payment network in Ethereum, and it is probably difficult to become the second layer that can undertake a variety of financial games in imagination. In essence, it is too hasty to copy the various financial games in Ethereum to Bitcoin. There may be a lot of room for extension of bitcoin ecology, but it may not be copied. Taifang Imagine that playing innovation in the Ethereum is also influenced by the established fundamentalism behind it, not to mention Bitcoin, whose teachings and teachings will be more stringent. The prosperity of the Ethereum is due to the composability of its smart contracts, which can be combined and stacked indefinitely. The biggest risk in the whole process is actually consensus overload, but the diverse gameplay within the payload is enough to give developers a broad stage, and the bitcoin ecology is too weak because of its own basic functions, and the extensible space is too rich. The security consensus itself is too harsh, and the consensus has also failed. The consensus has built an absolute barrier for Bitcoin, but it is also the root of the limited ecological innovation. Therefore, chaos and contradiction will make most mainstream users of capital institutions feel incomprehensible. Bitcoin ecological outsiders are holding huge sums of money, but they can't get in because they don't know how to say the narrative of Bitcoin in order to be logical, while the developers in Bitcoin ecology are vacillating between various routes and lack a unified development direction. Although the households are in love with each other, everyone only cares about the wealth myth that may be created by inscriptions and coins, which nobody cares about. Although the asset issuance route of Taifang Ecology has various forms, it will eventually focus on the hidden line of value capture. Whether it is driven by retail investors or driven by retail investors, it will eventually be valuable to precipitate Bitcoin ecology. In fact, the market can't stay in the prosperous stage of pure asset issuance forever, and there will eventually be technological breakthroughs, and some people will continue to develop projects. This market can't all be. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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