降低成本去垄断化：Arweave 在比特币和以太坊上的经济优势

Arweave 专为存储数据而生，以太坊和比特币无法与之匹敌！

这句话成功引起你的注意了吗？让我们一起探究。

Arweave：开创链上数据存储的新时代

Arweave 在 Sam Williams 的愿景下发展起来的，每周都在呈指数级增长。

看看下面这张图表中的交易。

Arweave 是专门为以太坊和比特币无法匹敌的规模和经济模型来存储数据而构建的。即使面对上述交易激增，Arweave 仍然保持着一如既往的高速度。

成本效益：核心优势

Arweave 的数据存储非常便宜，尤其是与以太坊和比特币相比！

Sam Williams 在与 ArDrive 创始人 Philip Mataras 的交流中，揭示了一个惊人的成本对比：

在 Arweave 上存储一个 13 GB 的文件只需 87 美元，而同样存储相同的数据:

• 在比特币上需要大约 35,620,000 美元

• 在以太坊上则需要 780,000,000 美元。

长话短说，如果有人想在这两个区块链上进行存储，那简直疯了。它们并不是为存储数据而构建的，即使它们是，那么谁会支付天价存储费用呢？

为数据而生：Arweave 的基石

现在问题来了，在一个数据无处不在的世界里，它如何进行扩展。

当你在街上的时候，周围看看，你很有可能看到人们在社交媒体上使用手机来发布视频和照片，并相互发送消息。一旦把所有这些数据累加起来，难以想象其数据量规模。

那么，Arweave是否真的能处理如此庞大的数据量呢？

答案是肯定的！

Arweave 的架构与以太坊和比特币的架构有根本上的不同。

以太坊和比特币受到其固有的上传吞吐量限制，但 Arweave 是为数据存储精心设计的。它可以在单笔交易中容纳多达 2^256 个字节，并分布存储在无数用户和项目之间。

顺便说一下，2^256 字节是一个很大的数字，我要把它打出来：

1,078,397,866,686,025,600,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 GB。

你甚至难以想象那是多少张自拍或猫的照片！

容错性和可持续性：Arweave 的独特方案

与以太坊和比特币相比，Arweave 的数据存储方法提供了更强的容错性和可持续性。正如 Sam Williams 自己所说，在 Arweave 网络中“验证数据挖掘”。

这一切的核心是网络的捐赠机制。Arweave 实际上激励矿工/节点长期存储数据。

这一理念确保了矿工始终有动力长期来存储数据，而比特币和以太坊明显缺乏这一功能，可能会阻碍数据长期存储。

从本质上讲，Arweave的创新存储捐赠机制激励矿工存储所有数据而不是选择性存储某些数据。如果矿工能够在网络要求时证明他们存储了某个数据片段，则该矿工将获得奖励。当这个随机过程发生时，矿工存储的数据越多，获得奖励的机会就越多。

因此，毫无疑问，他们将存储所有数据。如果你在运行一个矿工节点，你会不会这样做？

相比于其他区块链，这绝对是Arweave的制胜法宝。

捐赠机制规避了处理数百万个个体数据存储合约的复杂性和低效性，这在以太坊等基于智能合约的系统中是一个普遍存在的难点。在 Arweave 中，一个 Merkle 根和一个公共奖励池为所有数据提供服务，防止增加计算负担或系统膨胀。

让我们进一步阐述最后一点。

递归打包：实现大规模可扩展性的入口

正如我们所看到的，Arweave 能够处理大量数据。然而，当涉及到全世界数百万人同时使用手机上传到网络上的交易数量时，会发生什么？

（记住…自拍和猫的照片！）

如果你还不知道的话，Arweave 有一个 1000 笔交易的内存池。

这听起来可能是技术性的，但它意味着它有一个可以等待批准和上传的1000个交易的队列。如果有一笔交易超过了1000的限制，那么该文件将不得不排队等待进入内存池。此外，此内存池还有一个超时期限。如果 1000 笔交易的上传时间太长，那么第 1001 个文件就有可能被完全删丢弃，永远不会上传到网络上！

那么，我们该如何解决这个问题呢？

这就是 Bundle（交易打包技术）的用武之地。一个简单的过程，就可以无限提高网络的效能！

可以将交易打包在一起，比如将大量文件压缩并将它们全部作为一个包发送到网络。如果将 1000 个文件打包在一起作为一个交易，则意味着第 1001 个文件将成为第二个文件。

而且事情还会变得更好。

Arweave 采用了递归 Bundle 策略。如果你的下一个问题是，当我们有 1000 个打包的文件包填充内存池时会发生什么，答案是我们可以将这些捆绑包再次打包。

到目前为止，您可能已经意识到 Arweave 一次可以上传上传无限数量的文件。理论上，Arweave 可以在一个交易中存储整个当前网络的数据，相当疯狂。

Arweave 之所以能够做到这一切，这要归功于其简单的架构设计：Arweave 上的所有数据都被永久存储。

鉴于此，将不同用户的数据组合成一笔交易成为可能。这种方法已经每天有效地处理数百万条数据。

当谈到实际的 Bundle 过程时，Arweave 并非一开始就是这样的。它曾经有过瓶颈，但现在已经在网络上构建了许多协议来以许多方式改进它。目前网络上领先的两种 Bundle 协议是：

• Irys（原 Bundlr）

• EverVision

Arweave 与以太坊和比特币的对比分析

尽管以太坊和比特币已经取得了重大进展，并且都有自己的用例，但它们的设计并没有针对链上数据存储进行优化。

以太坊专注于智能合约和去中心化应用，而比特币作为一种数字黄金，在处理大规模数据存储方面面临固有的局限性。这些限制源于它们各自的区块大小限制、交易成本和网络吞吐量，这些都不利于存储大量数据。

这并不是说这些区块链没有自己独特的用例。

毋庸置疑，至少目前以太坊是去中心化金融（DeFi）的首选链。另一方面，没有人能否认比特币是数字黄金和对抗通货膨胀的领导地位，有些人甚至认为比特币是未来的世界货币。

（目前我不会对此发表意见，但我认为可能性很大。）

相比之下，Arweave 的区块链架构具有像块编织（blockweave）技术这样的功能，可实现更大的可扩展性和高效的数据检索。

说到用例，比特币和以太坊上都存在 NFT 形式的数字资产和艺术品。以太坊上遍地开花，而最近市场也见证了比特币 Ordinals 的崛起和成功。如果你没有听说过 Ordinals，它们本质上是比特币上的 NFT。创建它们的过程比以太坊稍微复杂一点，但这是另外一个故事了。

然而，NFT 也是 Arweave 可以大放异彩的地方。

Arweave NFT

互联网上有很多资源，你可以找到很多关于 Arweave 上 NFT 的信息，所以我不再赘述。在这个例子中，我们的前提是把 NFT 看作数字艺术品的一部分 —— 也有很多人们认为他们只是简单右键点击保存的 JPEG 图像。

NFT 有几个组成部分：

• 一个是智能合约，需要存储在链上。

• 然后有从智能合约创建的代币，这些是实际的 NFT 本身，你将在你的钱包中找到它们。

• 随后有了描述该代币的元数据。

• 最后，你有了现在看到的图像。

许多 NFT 项目为了节省时间和金钱将图像存储在私人服务器或Dropbox等外部资源上。这是他们规避了前面提到的 13 GB 文件部分成本的一种方式。一些 NFT 项目由 10000 个文件组成。想象一下，如果必须将所有这些文件直接上传到以太坊，那么成本是巨大的……所以通常只有智能合约和代币存储在链上，其他一切都存储在链下。

因此，基于我们对在 Arweave 上存储数据成本的了解，你可以开始看到在这里创建 NFT 是更具成本优势的。

但是等一下！还有更多！

不仅如此，如果你使用 Arweave 创建你的 NFT，你可以将上述所有数据放在一个地方，而不是分散在不同的区块链和外部资源中。

如果你对 Arweave 的智能合约感到担忧 —— 因为它是许多人非常关心的问题——是的，Arweave 绝对支持智能合约。

Meta 实际上选择了 Arweave 作为其存储 Instagram NFT 的区块链。NFT的炒作逐渐平息（就主流而言），但这可能是未来即将到来的牛市的一个彩排。

总结

一旦你开始了解 Arweave 所能做的和处理数据的潜力，你就会意识到它在区块链的未来有多重要，而且不仅仅如此。

低成本的链上存储对于区块链和 Web3 的成功至关重要。Arweave 从幕后走到台前也只是时间问题。

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Now the question is, in a world where data is everywhere, how can it expand? When you look around in the street, you are likely to see people using mobile phones to post videos and photos on social media and send messages to each other. Once all these data are added up, it is hard to imagine the size of the data. Can it really handle such a huge amount of data? The answer is yes. The architecture is fundamentally different from that of Ethereum and Bitcoin. Ethereum and Bitcoin are inherent. But it is carefully designed for data storage. It can hold up to bytes in a single transaction and be distributed among countless users and projects. By the way, bytes are a very large number. I want to type it out. You can't even imagine how many photos of selfies or cats it is. The unique scheme of fault tolerance and sustainability provides stronger fault tolerance and sustainability than the data storage method of Ethereum and Bitcoin. As you said, verifying data mining in the network. 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The donation mechanism avoids the complexity and inefficiency of handling millions of individual data storage contracts, which is a common difficulty in smart contract-based systems such as Ethereum. One root and one public reward pool provide all the data. Let's further elaborate on the last point, recursive packaging to achieve large-scale scalability. As we have seen, it can handle a large amount of data. However, what happens when millions of people all over the world use mobile phones to upload transactions to the network at the same time? Remember selfies and photos of cats. If you don't know, there is a memory pool for transactions. This may sound technical, but it means that it has a waiting list for approval and approval. If one transaction in the uploaded transaction queue exceeds the limit, the file will have to wait in line to enter the memory pool. In addition, there is a timeout period in the memory pool. 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