张平:Web3.0时代发展我国数字金融技术底座的思考

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观点

2023年12月21日,中国工程院院士、北京邮电大学教授张平出席2023中关村论坛系列活动——第11届数字金融大会并发表主题为《Web3.0时代发展我国数字金融技术底座的思考》的演讲。他指出我国正处于金融与数字深度融合下的数字金融3.0阶段,一方面要加快建设金融强国,推动数字金融高质量发展,另一方面也要防范化解金融风险,特别是防止发生系统性的金融风险。为此,要构建安全可信的“许可Web3.0”,筑牢数字金融的技术底座。Web3.0赋能了金融业的发展,加强区块链技术的研发和应用,打造了数字金融的信任基础;推进分布式存储技术的创新和普及,打造了数字金融的数据基石;促进加密算法的优化和升级,打造了数字金融的安全屏障。针对Web3.0面临的难点和挑战,他提出了Web3.0时代数字金融技术体系建设的路径,即一方面要充分发挥数字技术+数字要素双轮驱动作用,深化金融供给侧的结构性改革,另一方面数字经济的全面发展为数字金融创造更多技术创新的资源和应用的需求场景。最后他总结到,Web3.0为数字金融建设筑牢了数字底座,未来仍需进一步完善数字金融的法律法规、规则与标准,加强国际合作建立新型的数字主权和数字金融的安全技术体系。 

中国工程院院士、北京邮电大学教授 张平

各位专家,各位来宾,大家好!非常高兴参加今天的技术研讨会,我是来自北京邮电大学的张平,我今天给大家带来的题目是《Web3.0时代发展我国数字金融技术底座的思考》。我将从以下三个方面进行汇报。

首先是加快建设金融强国,推动数字金融高质量发展

习近平总书记在各种场合下对深化金融体制改革、健全资本市场功能,做了重要的部署,特别是在近期12月11日习近平总书记在中央经济工作会议上讲话中指出,“统筹安全与发展是数字金融工作必须把握的重大原则”。那么数字金融的价值意义在于数字金融提供更加便捷的跨境支付结算方式,推进经贸合作走深走实。另一方面数字金融强化金融资源的国际投资合作能力,为金融出海保驾护航,同时数字金融赋能绿色金融创新,为绿色发展提供全方位的金融服务支撑。

数字金融发展到今天也面临着一些现实的痛点,比方说在主体变更方面,由于Z时代的人群洞察消费者的需求拥有共同的价值观等,而且场景也发生了重大的变化,比方在线的消费和在场沉浸式的体验,产品更迭加快,新型的金融风险等,这使得我国正处于金融与数字深度融合下的数字金融3.0阶段,防范化解金融风险,特别是防止发生系统性的金融风险,是金融工作的根本性任务,也是数字金融永恒的主题。

第二方面构建安全可信的“许可Web3.0”,筑牢数字金融的技术底座。

Web3.0是从Web1.0到Web2.0发展的最新阶段,众所周知Web1.0是门户网站的阶段,对金融而言我们从1989年开始,从金融信息的发布网站,是我们的第一个雏形。在2004年以后,出现了Web2.0,相对来说是一个粗放的阶段,出现了网上银行、线上贷款等。而2014年进入了常态化的监管阶段,也就是Web3.0,虚拟柜员、元宇宙式的虚拟营业厅将是未来去中心化和可信价值互联网主要的特征。

数字金融的互联网演化历史也进行了很长时间,从1967年到2024年开始,开启了金融行业的数字化时代,金融行业的平台化时代,也就是金融的科技时代。从社会的角度,通讯技术的角度,网络技术的角度,还有金融应用的角度都有各自的一些特征,时间关系,我就不一一诉说了。

Web3.0赋能了金融业的发展表现在加强区块链技术的研发和应用,是打造数字金融的信任基础,而推进分布式存储技术的创新和普及,是打造数字金融的数据基石。促进加密算法的优化和升级,是打造数字金融的安全屏障,我们在这三个方面都有各自的一些解读。我们也可以看出来Web3.0对金融业态带来的一些变革性的影响,比方说在交易类的产品方面,是去中心化的交易,衍生品互换交易和预测市场的交易,以及流动性的提供。而在发行产品方面,有稳定币的通证,以及借贷类的产品和证券保险和NFT的发行。而在所有权的管理产品方面,有钱包,资产的管理以及支付的网络。中心的关键词就是去中心化的金融。

我们也可以看到Web3.0面临的一些难点和挑战。

难点一区块链技术尚没有走向成熟,区块链在吞吐量、延时等方面缺陷较大,支撑大规模的应用效率非常低,安全性不够完善。

难点二:复合型的人才比较紧缺,由于Web3.0的开发涉及综合应用、数学、经济学和计算机科学等知识,现有的培训体系不完善,复合人才紧缺。

难点三:法律的风险,针对的一些DeFi产品、DAO组织等新型业态的法律和监管体系尚未完善。

难点四:去中心化的难度比较大,除巨头以外一般用户搭建专署的区块链环境比较困难。

难点五:基础设施不够完善,如开发工具技术标准,商业模型分布式的身份管理等均处于初级应用阶段,

难点六:算力垄断风险,也是一个难点。比方说在比特币的网络中超过50%的网络算力被掌握在50个(大约仅占矿工总数1%的)矿工手中,可能带来算力中心化的风险。

下面是我们就Web3.0时代数字金融技术体系建设的路径做一点思考。

在未来的发展过程中要充分发挥“数字技术+数字要素”双轮驱动作用,深化金融供给侧的结构性改革。表现在将数字元素持续的注入金融服务中,依托大数据技术为银行建立多维度的企业风控模型,多维社企数据的深度分析,在加快数字设施建设方面我们也有一个基本的模型,也就是未来的元宇宙发展的模型,在多种场合下我有讲过,我们有一个数字的基础设施,还有我们的Web3.0技术底座以外,要加上许可两个字,还有许可的支付构成了数字金融的应用场景。主要是建立有几个特征,一个是要建立安全可控的虚拟经济空间支付机制,保证我国数字金融的安全可靠。第二做强数据算力等生产要素,促进畅通我国数字经济的双循环,还要打破网络资源的天然垄断实现人民的共同富裕。

在促进数字金融与产业数字化深度融合方面,需要双向互动,拓宽发展的空间,数字金融的深化应用与数字经济带来生产要素新价值和资源匹配的新模式,表现在借助大数据、区块链、物联网等技术手段,将信贷、支付、保险等金融服务无缝嵌入在线教育、互联网医疗、智慧农业、智能工厂等数字经济新业态中,打造“金融+”场景,扩大产业数字化范畴。

另一方面数字经济的全面发展为数字金融创造更多技术创新的资源和应用的需求场景,比方说对数据进行搜集、筛选、挖掘,为客户提供更精准产品和服务,同时也催生出多个新的金融服务需求。在健全数字普惠的金融服务体系方面,需要打造产融平台,提升产业金融的服务能力,表现在我们打造产融合作的平台,促进产融双方的信息共享和数据互通,在加上促进小微企业融资增量扩面,来提升我们的体制降本,不断的提升普惠金融下沉的深度,覆盖的广度,来达到我们的目的。


Views Zhang Ping, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, attended the first digital finance conference of Zhongguancun Forum series activities and delivered a speech on the theme of the development of China's digital finance technology base in the times. He pointed out that China is in the digital finance stage under the deep integration of finance and digital. On the one hand, it is necessary to speed up the construction of a financial powerhouse and promote the high-quality development of digital finance, on the other hand, it is necessary to prevent and resolve financial risks, especially to prevent systematic financial risks. Credible license builds the technical base of digital finance, empowers the development of financial industry, strengthens the research and development and application of blockchain technology, builds the trust foundation of digital finance, promotes the innovation and popularization of distributed storage technology, builds the data cornerstone of digital finance, promotes the optimization and upgrading of encryption algorithms, and builds the security barrier of digital finance. In view of the difficulties and challenges faced, he puts forward the path of building the technical system of digital finance in the era, that is, on the one hand, we should give full play to digital technology and two-wheel drive of digital elements. On the other hand, the all-round development of the digital economy has created more technological innovation resources and application demand scenarios for digital finance. Finally, he concluded that it is necessary to further improve the laws, regulations, rules and standards of digital finance in the future, strengthen international cooperation, and establish a new digital sovereignty and security technology system for digital finance. Zhang Ping, an academician of the China Academy of Engineering and a professor at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, are distinguished experts, guests and guests. I am always glad to attend today's technical seminar. I am Zhang Ping from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. The topic I bring to you today is thinking about the development of China's digital finance technology base. I will report from the following three aspects. First, I will speed up the construction of a financial powerhouse and promote the high-quality development of digital finance. General Secretary Xi Jinping has made important arrangements for deepening the reform of the financial system and improving the function of the capital market on various occasions, especially in General Secretary Xi Jinping's recent speech at the Central Economic Work Conference. It is pointed out that coordinating security and development is a major principle that digital finance must grasp, so the value of digital finance lies in that it provides more convenient cross-border payment and settlement methods to promote economic and trade cooperation. On the other hand, digital finance strengthens the ability of international investment cooperation of financial resources to escort finance to the sea, and at the same time, digital finance empowers green financial innovation to provide all-round financial services to support green development. Today, digital finance is also facing some practical pains. For example, in the aspect of subject change, because the people of the times have insight into the needs of consumers and share common values, and the scene has also undergone major changes, such as online consumption and on-site immersive experience, product change and speeding up new financial risks, which makes China in the digital finance stage under the deep integration of finance and digital. Preventing and resolving financial risks, especially preventing systematic financial risks, is the fundamental task of digital finance and the eternal theme of the second party. Building a safe and credible license to build the technical base of digital finance is the latest stage from to development, which is well known as the stage of portal website. As far as finance is concerned, we started to publish financial information in 2000, and the website was our first prototype. After 2000, it appeared in a relatively extensive stage, with the emergence of online banking and online loans, and entered the normal supervision stage in 2000, that is, the virtual teller meta-cosmic virtual business hall will be the future decentralized and credible value Internet master. The main characteristics of the Internet evolution history of digital finance has also been going on for a long time. From 2000 to 2000, the digital era of the financial industry has been opened, that is, the platform era of the financial industry, that is, the technological era of finance. From the perspective of society, communication technology, network technology and financial application, there are some characteristics and time relationships. I will not tell you one by one that the development of the financial industry is empowered. Strengthening the research and development and application of blockchain technology is to build the trust foundation of digital finance. Promoting the innovation and popularization of distributed storage technology is the data cornerstone for building digital finance, and promoting the optimization and upgrading of encryption algorithms is the security barrier for building digital finance. We all have our own interpretations in these three aspects, and we can also see some transformative effects on financial formats, such as decentralized trading, derivative swap trading, forecasting market transactions and providing liquidity in trading products. And loan products, securities, insurance and issuance, while in the management of ownership products, there are wallet assets management and payment network center. The key word is decentralized finance. We can also see some difficulties and challenges. The blockchain technology has not yet matured, and the blockchain has great defects in throughput delay and other aspects, supporting large-scale applications. The efficiency is very low and the security is not perfect. The difficulty is that the development of complex talents is relatively scarce because it involves the number of comprehensive applications. Learning knowledge such as economics and computer science, the existing training system is not perfect, compound talents are in short supply, and the legal and regulatory systems for some new formats such as product organization are not yet perfect. It is difficult to decentralize. Except for giants, it is difficult for general users to build a specialized blockchain environment. It is difficult to improve infrastructure, such as developing tools, technical standards, business models and distributed identity management. It is also difficult to monopolize computing power. It is a difficult point. For example, in the bitcoin network, the excess network computing power is in the hands of a miner who only accounts for about the total number of miners, which may bring the risk of centralization of computing power. Here are some thoughts on the path of digital financial technology system construction in the era. In the future development process, we should give full play to the two-wheel drive role of digital technology and digital elements to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, which is manifested in the continuous injection of digital elements into financial services and the establishment of banks relying on big data technology. In-depth analysis of multidimensional enterprise risk control model and multidimensional social enterprise data, we also have a basic model in speeding up the construction of digital facilities, that is, the model of the future development of the meta-universe. On many occasions, I have said that we have a digital infrastructure, and we need to add the word license and the payment of license outside our technical base, which constitutes the application scene of digital finance. One is to establish a safe and controllable virtual economic space payment mechanism to ensure the safety and reliability of China's digital finance, and the second is to strengthen the data computing power and other production factors to promote the smooth circulation of China's digital economy. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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