最高检发布利用虚拟货币非法买卖外汇案例 赵东是如何被猪队友坑了七年
2023年12月27日，最高人民检察院和国家外汇管理局联合发布惩治涉外汇违法犯罪典型案例。第一起案例赵某等人非法经营案中，赵某即曾经的场外交易第一人赵东，案例关键词之一是“追诉漏罪”。今天刘律师给大家深扒一下，赵东是如何被猪队友坑了七年。
赵东是2020年6月24日凌晨被抓走的，之后就进入了刑事诉讼程序，9月30日，杭州市公安局西湖区分局将赵东等人非法从事资金支付结算业务部分的事实以涉嫌非法经营罪移送起诉。2021年4月15日，杭州市西湖区人民法院发布公告，赵东一案定于5月12日上午九点半，涉嫌的罪名为“非法经营罪、帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪”。
根据欧科链讯消息，赵东在开庭前已经做了认罪认罚，检察院给出了具体的量刑建议。据公诉人所述，赵东团队为“天天向上”平台部分资金提供虚拟货币场外兑换业务，可查实的所涉交易达两千余万元，按持股比例70%分配收益，检察院起诉赵东：
获利三万余元，建议量刑两年，可适用缓刑。
坊间一片哗然，普遍认为太看不起东哥的赚钱能力了。根据今天最高检公众号发布的典型案例（最高检、国家外汇局联合发布惩治涉外汇违法犯罪典型案例），让我们能够清晰了解到案件细节，彼时检察院关于赵东团队犯罪的准确数额是：2019年6月至12月，赵东等人明知尤某钱款来源于非法支付结算平台，仍然使用个人银行账户收取人民币，并向尤某兑换虚拟货币从中获利，交易金额共计人民币2429余万元。
赵东获利3.5万元，赵某鹏、周某凯获利均为5000元。
赵某鹏和周某凯是赵东团队的成员，检察院在移送审查起诉阶段，给二人的量刑建议是一年半，其中周某凯自愿认罪认罚，但是赵某鹏坚持不认罪（猪队友），同样坚持无罪的还有一个otc叫余某，量刑建议也是一年半。
根据通报，“针对赵某等人辩解对尤某从事非法支付结算业务以及所涉资金涉嫌犯罪均不知情等情况”，我们了解到，在审查起诉和开庭过程中，赵某鹏一定是不认罪的。我猜想，之所以做无罪辩护无非是觉得，即便不认罪，检察院的建议量刑也就一年半，反正也关了很久了，不如拼一把，即便判了，很快也能出去，万一判决无罪，就抄上了。
殊不知，命运的齿轮开始转动了，而这一次，是反着转的。
西湖区人民法院三次公开开庭审理此案。在2021年5月12日的庭审中，针对无罪辩护的问题，为查清各犯罪嫌疑人的主观明知情况，西湖区检察院检察技术人员对公安机关移送的涉案人员手机数据作进一步恢复、提取，对尤某与赵东团伙、周某凯等人的聊天记录进行分析，足以证实赵东等人明知尤某在从事非法支付结算的事实。
重点！重点！重点！西湖区检察院在审查提取的手机聊天记录时发现，赵某团伙还存在利用虚拟货币提供外汇兑换服务的证据，涉嫌非法买卖外汇犯罪。
2022年2月11日，西湖区检察院以肖某、尤某、赵某等人构成非法经营罪向法院提起公诉，并追加了赵某、赵某鹏、周某凯非法买卖外汇的犯罪事实。
也就是说，检察院本来只是想通过涉案人员的聊天记录，证明赵东等人对上游资金的非法性是明知的，但查阅聊天记录过程中，发现赵东漏罪了。再换句话说，如果当时赵某鹏不做无罪辩护，自愿认罪认罚，检察机关也就不会再去深挖涉案人员的聊天记录了。
这个案件，西湖区人民法院先后三次公开开庭审理，并于2022年3月24日，以非法经营罪判处赵东有期徒刑七年，判处赵某鹏有期徒刑四年，相比之前认罪认罚给出的量刑建议，赵东、赵某鹏当然无法接受，眼瞅着快出去了，突然晴天霹雳，遂提出上诉。同年9月5日，浙江省杭州市中级人民法院裁定驳回上诉，维持原判。
八卦归八卦，刘扬律师聊一聊大家最关心的法律问题：
1.不要总是做无罪辩护。这句话不是我说的，是著名刑法学家张明楷说的，原话说的是“律师不要总是做无罪辩护”，“一个案件经过公检法部门，经过了法院，如果是无罪的，它怎么能进行的下去呢，公检法的人不可能都是不懂法的人，对不对?所以不要做无罪辩护。”我在以前的文章中提到过，律师做无罪辩护仅仅是一份工作，而当事人则是人生，律师100个无罪辩护成功1个，那就叫成功，所以作为当事人，自己心里还是要有数的。今天也看到梁亮的爱人林开女士发文称梁亮一审判决有期徒刑10年，这可是组织、领导传销罪最重的刑期了，也是我已知的币圈这个罪名判的最重的了，哪怕不请律师，也不能再差了，何况其家姐、爱人都面临着刑事风险。
2.并不是所有买卖U的行为都构成非法经营罪。这个问题是大家最关心的。最高检该批典型案例共8件，主要涉及跨境对敲型非法买卖外汇案件（重点是非法买卖外汇），赵东一案的典型意义在于，“以虚拟货币为媒介，实现人民币与外汇兑换的行为，构成非法经营罪。”如果仅仅以虚拟货币为媒介，实现人民币与虚拟币的兑换，不涉及外汇，并不构成非法经营罪。
再仔细剖析赵东一案，要证明买卖虚拟币构成非法经营罪，需要达到什么样的证据标准：（1）调取15笔成交记录中涉及的国内银行账户交易明细，银行交易明细在数额、时间上均能够与聊天记录中交易的数据相互印证。（2）对15笔交易中的收款人制作询问笔录，证实15笔收款记录均为境外人士所支付的外贸相关费用。（3）对赵某及其团伙成员进行讯问，各犯罪嫌疑人均承认赵某等人在迪拜收进迪拉姆现金，向对方提供的国内账户支付人民币，并用迪拉姆买进泰达币，同时让国内团伙将泰达币非法卖出换回人民币的事实。（4）对扣押的电脑、手机等电子数据载体开展针对性勘验，确定了由犯罪团伙控制的虚拟货币钱包地址，再对虚拟货币钱包的交易记录与银行账户流水进行比对，查明了赵某犯罪团伙“外币—虚拟货币—人民币”的资金流转链路。
所以，刘扬律师多次发文表示，广东省高院通报的大埔县那起买卖u案件，从通报内容来看，并不构成非法经营罪，主要是缺少虚拟货币兑换外币这一环节。所谓变相买卖外汇类的非法经营案件，必须满足一个条件，即表面上是买进、卖出虚拟货币的行为，但实质上利用泰达币为媒介实现了外币和人民币之间的货币价值转换，属于非法买卖外汇，构成非法经营罪。
3.预测U商将迎来血雨腥风。我上次作出此类预测是在2020年12月PLUSTOKEN案被媒体曝光之后。本次典型案例发布以后，买卖U等于非法经营会在基层司法机关形成牢固的印象，加之非法经营罪不可细说的罪名特点，预测接下来U商涉非法经营的案件不在少数，包括很多已经上岸洗手的大佬，应当引起足够的重视。
4.希望圈内人不要赚不该赚的钱。U商，作为币圈最不可或缺的组成部分，这些年来，先是为了赚钱沾了网赌电诈的钱，掩了隠，帮了信，后来又趟了外汇这趟浑水，要知道我们国家是实行外汇管制的，你otc在自己国内爱怎么折腾，钱无非是左手倒右手，但你这么一弄，把钱都弄出去了，做的就有点过分了，地下钱庄，跨境贸易，洗钱，这些万万不能碰。
5.关于虚拟数字货币的定性仍旧不属于资金。从通报的典型案例来看，始终是将虚拟数字货币作为“媒介”，从该种说法上看，实质上是否定了虚拟数字货币的财产属性。
6.外汇管理局联合发文的意义。通报显示，检察机关和外汇管理部门综合运用行政执法和刑事司法手段，强化行刑衔接，严惩涉外汇违法犯罪的显著成果。我个人的观点是，并没有什么特别的意义。此次发布的典型案例，都是涉及非法买卖外汇的案件，外汇管理局联合发文，旨在强调“将切实落实中央金融工作会议部署和要求，严格执法、敢于亮剑，会同司法机关保持对非法跨境金融活动的高压打击态势。”但在具体刑事案件侦办过程中，其能发挥的作用有限，仅仅是作出某类外币是否属于外汇的认定，但迄今为止，我没有看到过各级外汇管理局将虚拟数字货币直接认定为外汇的先例。
On April, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange jointly issued a typical case to punish foreign exchange-related crimes. In the first case, Zhao and others illegally operated, Zhao was once the first person in over-the-counter trading. One of the key words of Zhao Dong's case was to prosecute the crime of omission. Today, Lawyer Liu gave you a deep insight into how Zhao Dong was trapped by his pig teammates for seven years. Zhao Dong was arrested in the early morning of April, and then entered the criminal proceedings. On April, the Xihu Branch of Hangzhou Public Security Bureau illegally engaged Zhao Dong and others in fund disbursement. The facts of the payment and settlement business were transferred for prosecution on suspicion of illegal business operation. On, the Xihu District People's Court of Hangzhou issued an announcement. The case of Zhao Dong was scheduled for 9: 30 a.m. on, the alleged crime of illegal business operation and the crime of helping information network criminal activities. According to Ou Ke chain news, Zhao Dong pleaded guilty before the trial, and the procuratorate gave specific sentencing suggestions. According to the prosecutor, the Zhao Dong team provided virtual currency off-site exchange business for some funds on the platform every day. The transactions involved can be verified. More than 20 million yuan is distributed according to the shareholding ratio. The procuratorate sued Zhao Dong for a profit of more than 30,000 yuan. It is suggested that probation can be applied for two years. There is an uproar in the workshop. It is generally believed that the earning ability of Dongge is too despised. According to the typical case released by the Supreme People's Procuratorate WeChat official account today, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange jointly issued a typical case to punish foreign exchange-related crimes. The Supreme People's Procuratorate and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange jointly issued a typical case to punish foreign exchange-related crimes, so that we can clearly understand the details of the case at that time. The exact amount of team crime is from January to October. Zhao Dong and others know that Youmou's money comes from the illegal payment and settlement platform, and still use his personal bank account to collect RMB and exchange it for virtual currency from Youmou. The total transaction amount is more than RMB, and Zhao Dong earns RMB 10,000. Zhao Mopeng and Zhou Mokai both earn RMB. Zhao Mopeng and Zhou Mokai are members of the Zhao Dong team. The sentencing proposal given to them by the procuratorate during the transfer, review and prosecution stage is one and a half years. Among them, Zhou Mokai voluntarily pleaded guilty and pleaded guilty, but Zhao Mopeng insisted on denying it. The guilty pig teammate also insisted on innocence, and another one called Yu Mou suggested sentencing for one and a half years. According to the circular, Zhao Mou and others argued that You Mou was engaged in illegal payment and settlement business and that the funds involved were not aware of the crime. We learned that Zhao Moupeng must have pleaded not guilty during the review, prosecution and trial. I guess the reason why he pleaded not guilty was that even if he pleaded not guilty, he would be sentenced for one and a half years. Anyway, he was locked up for a long time. It is better to fight for it even if he was sentenced soon. In case of acquittal, the Xihu District People's Court copied the wheel that did not know the fate and began to turn, but this time it turned in the opposite direction. The case was heard in public for three times. In order to find out the subjective knowledge of the criminal suspects, the procuratorate technicians of Xihu District Procuratorate further recovered and extracted the mobile phone data of the people involved transferred by the public security organs, and analyzed the chat records of You and Zhao Dong gang Zhou Mokai and others, which was enough to prove that Zhao Dong and others knew. The fact that Youmou is engaged in illegal payment and settlement is the key point. When reviewing the extracted mobile phone chat records, Xihu District Procuratorate found that Zhao's gang still had evidence of using virtual currency to provide foreign exchange services. It was suspected of illegally buying and selling foreign exchange. The Xihu District Procuratorate filed a public prosecution with the court on the crime that Xiaomou Youmou Zhao and others constituted illegal business, and added the criminal fact that Zhao, Zhao, Peng and Zhou Kai illegally bought and sold foreign exchange, which means that the procuratorate originally just wanted to chat with the people involved. The records prove that Zhao Dong and others knew the illegality of the upstream funds, but in the process of consulting the chat records, it was found that Zhao Dong missed the crime. In other words, if Zhao Moupeng had not pleaded not guilty at that time, the procuratorate would not have dug deep into the chat records of the people involved. The Xihu District People's Court held three public hearings on this case and sentenced Zhao Dong to seven years' imprisonment for illegal business operations on March, and sentenced Zhao Moupeng to four years' imprisonment. Of course, Zhao Moupeng in Zhao Dong couldn't accept that he was about to go out, and suddenly it was a bolt from the blue, so he appealed. In the same year, the Intermediate People's Court of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province ruled that the appeal was dismissed, and the original judgment was upheld. Gossip belongs to gossip. Lawyer Liu Yang talked about the legal issue that everyone is most concerned about. This sentence is not what I said. It is the original words of the famous criminal jurist Zhang Mingkai. It is said that lawyers should not always defend innocence. How can a case go through the court if it is innocent? How about going on? People in public security courts can't all be ignorant of the law, right? So don't plead not guilty. I mentioned in previous articles that it is only a job for a lawyer to plead not guilty, while the client is a life lawyer. A successful acquittal is called success, so as a client, I still have to know something in my heart. Today, I also saw Ms. Lin Kai, Liang Liang's lover, who issued a document saying that Liang Liang was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment in the first instance. This is the heaviest sentence for organizing and leading pyramid schemes, and it is also the crime I know. The most serious name sentence can't be worse even if you don't hire a lawyer. Besides, all your sisters and lovers are facing criminal risks. Not all the buying and selling behaviors constitute the crime of illegal business operation. This issue is the highest concern of everyone. This batch of typical cases mainly involve cross-border knock-on cases of illegal trading of foreign exchange, with the emphasis on illegal trading of foreign exchange. The typical significance of Zhao Dong's case is that the exchange of RMB and foreign exchange by virtual currency constitutes the crime of illegal business operation. If only virtual currency is used as the medium, Realizing the exchange between RMB and virtual currency does not involve foreign exchange and does not constitute the crime of illegal business operation. Then carefully analyze the case of Zhao Dong. What kind of evidence standard is needed to prove that buying and selling virtual currency constitutes the crime of illegal business operation? The details of domestic bank account transactions involved in the transaction records can be mutually verified with the transaction data in the chat records in terms of amount and time. Make an inquiry record for the payee in the transaction to confirm that the collection records are all foreign trade-related expenses paid by foreigners. Interrogating Zhao and his gang members, all the suspects admitted that Zhao and others received dirham cash in Dubai to pay RMB to the domestic account provided by the other party, and used dirham to buy TEDA coins, and at the same time let the domestic gang illegally sell TEDA coins in exchange for RMB. They conducted targeted inspections on electronic data carriers such as seized computer phones, determined the address of the virtual currency wallet controlled by the criminal gang, and then compared the transaction records of the virtual currency wallet with the running water of the bank account to find out the capital flow link of the foreign currency virtual currency RMB of Zhao's criminal gang. Therefore, Lawyer Liu Yang issued a number of documents to Guangdong. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台
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