让Crypto脱离Degen困境 Vitalik指出5个方向
Vitalik的新文章看似重申了以太坊的Cypherpunk精神（去中心化、抗审查、可审计、工具组件、开放合作），其实是其对当下生态过于金融化（Degen）的隐忧和不满。
如何脱离纯Degen困境呢 ? @VitalikButerin提出了积极发展的五大方向，我简单附加一些个人点评：
1） Rollups are starting to actually exist.
点评：过去一年，layer2赛道呈现一片市场竞和繁荣的景象，layer2 War正在激烈开打，对以太坊而言，Rollups链越多，引流+赋能也会越多。但以太坊layer2正在被各类RaaS方案+DA方案以及模块化的VM方案等逐渐抢占市场，layer2市场正逃离以太坊的正统性精神掌控。
于以太坊而言，这确实不是Vitalik想看到的，但于Crypto行业而言，layer2的市场终局不可避免的会走向亲以太坊和离以太坊两大派系。最终，哪些layer2能跑出来，不会受限于政治正统性的束缚，而要看能不能推动Mass Adoption的发生。
2） Following a temporary lull after the regulatory crackdowns on Tornado Cash, second-generation privacy solutions such as Railway and Nocturne are seeing the (moon) light.
点评：Privacy Centric 隐私交易是一个听上去很有必要但落地很慢的赛道。因为DEX环境下的公开透明、MEV空间以及交易意图等暴露问题，大部分做市商以及个人Trader高玩倾向于把重心放在CEX。
未来DEX能不能和CEX持平，全靠Privacy infra的建设。第一代隐私交易解决方案，Tornado通过合约层拆分资金混淆资产的方式被大量用于非法洗钱，遭到监管频繁制裁；第二代隐私交易方案，都是通过中间隐私层，无论是Nocturne的Teller和handler还是Railway的Relayer都承接了隐私交易的From地址角色，用户的真实交易意图通过中间层会得到隐藏。
具体实现技术，通常有ZK-Snarks、AA账户抽象的Paymaster、以及MPC可信环境下的多签管理等。用户只需要把资产Wrap成隐私资产，之后向中间层发起交易意图，中间层Pool就会代为完成一系列的DeFi交互。这个中间层沉淀的资产越多，用户量越大，隐私效果越好，关键可以有合规解决方案并行存在，更容易成为未来主流。（找机会详细分析）
3） Account abstraction is starting to take off.
点评：市场已经对账户抽象Account Abstraction脱敏了，因为它太基础了，只有到了应用层爆发阶段，账户抽象的价值才能显现。应该说，账户抽象像补丁一样，让以太坊有了不被Solana等高性能公链抽走流动性的底气。
况且眼下，账户抽象赛道已经很繁荣了，只不过大多方案偏向于底层Infra构建，尚未得到市场验证，大家感觉起来无关痛痒。但我认为，以太坊layer2能不能真正迸发高频应用且成为增量用户的入口，账户抽象是个必选题。玩layer2，一定不要忘记选一些账户抽象底层的应用。
4） Light clients, forgotten for a long time, are starting to actually exist.
点评：轻客户端在以太坊转POS之后更为重要了，因为它可以延展以太坊Validators的验证能力，让以太坊的共识延伸到其他链。比如：如果做一套三方DA方案，可以用Restaking模式，让以太坊的一部分validators参与进侧链共识的维护工作中，相比纯第三方validators构建的共识会更有说服力；又比如；做一套去中心化Sequencer方案，也可以用Restaking，让以太坊的Validators参与到侧链Sequencer的梯队当中。
这一切设想的前提都要基于轻客户端方案，大家熟悉的Eigenlayer就是基于轻客户端实现了以太坊Validators能力的扩展。从战略高度看，这套方案是以太坊对抗第三方DA入侵维护自己以太坊正统地位的有力武器。
5） Zero knowledge proofs, a technology which we thought was decades away, are now here, are increasingly developer-friendly, and are on the cusp of being usable for consumer applications.
点评：零知识证明曾经有多被热捧和期许，现今就有多唏嘘和失望。因为，零知识证明在隐私和扩展问题上解决问题并不能立竿见影看到效果。比如OP-Rollup和ZK-Rollup争到最后，都知道ZK更牛逼，但掩盖不了OP却比ZK更流行的事实。
在我看来，ZK技术更适用于未来，也超脱于纯金融叙事之外，眼下大家对ZK唏嘘的emotion可以理解，但到了真正的应用时代，ZK会成为区块链一样的必要存在。（这话貌似Vitalik也说过）。
The new article seems to reaffirm the spirit of Ethereum: decentralization, anti-censorship, and open cooperation of auditable tool components are actually its hidden worries and dissatisfaction with the current ecological over-financialization. How to get rid of the pure predicament has put forward five major directions of positive development. I simply attach some personal comments. In the past year, the track has presented a scene of market competition and prosperity. For Ethereum, the more chains there are, the more drainage and empowerment there will be. However, Ethereum is being driven by various schemes and modular schemes. Gradually seize the market, the market is fleeing from the orthodox spirit of Ethereum, which is really not what we want to see, but in terms of industry, the market will inevitably end up in pro-Ethereum and pro-Ethereum factions, and which ones will eventually run out will not be limited by political orthodoxy, but will depend on whether it can be promoted. Comment on privacy trading is a track that sounds necessary but landed slowly, because most of the exposure problems such as open and transparent space and trading intention in the environment. City merchants and individuals tend to focus on whether the future can be built on an equal footing. The first generation of privacy transaction solutions are widely used for illegal money laundering by splitting funds and confusing assets through the contract layer, and the second generation of privacy transaction solutions are frequently sanctioned by the supervision. Both yes and no are through the middle privacy layer. The real transaction intention of users will be hidden through the middle layer. The specific implementation technology usually has an abstract account and a trusted environment. Under the multi-sign management, users only need to turn their assets into private assets and then initiate a transaction intention to the middle layer, and the middle layer will complete a series of interactions on their behalf. The more assets deposited in this middle layer, the greater the number of users, and the better the privacy effect. The key can be that compliance solutions can exist in parallel, making it easier to become the mainstream in the future and find opportunities to analyze and comment in detail. The market has become desensitized to account abstraction because it is too basic. Only when the application layer explodes can the value of account abstraction appear. Like a patch, Ethereum has the confidence that it will not be drained of liquidity by high-performance public chains. Besides, the account abstraction track has been very prosperous at present, but most of the schemes are biased towards the bottom construction and have not been verified by the market. Everyone feels that it is irrelevant, but I think whether Ethereum can truly apply high-frequency applications in generate and become an entry account abstraction for incremental users is a must. Don't forget to choose some accounts to abstract the applications at the bottom. It is more important to comment on light clients after Ethereum turns, because. It can extend the verification ability of Ethereum and extend the consensus of Ethereum to other chains. For example, if a tripartite scheme is made, a part of Ethereum can be involved in the maintenance of the consensus of the side chain, which will be more convincing than the consensus built by a pure third party. For example, if a decentralized scheme is made, Ethereum can also be involved in the echelon of the side chain. The premise of all these ideas is based on the light client scheme, which is familiar to everyone. From a strategic point of view, this scheme is a powerful weapon for Ethereum to defend its orthodox position against third-party invasion. Comment on how much zero-knowledge proof has been popular and how much it is expected to be sad and disappointed today, because zero-knowledge proof can't see the effect immediately when solving problems in privacy and expansion. For example, it seems to me that technology is more suitable for the future and beyond pure financial narrative, but it will become as necessary as blockchain in the real application era. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台
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