波卡(Polkadot)2.0的野望:重构与连通
作者:Ningning,Web3Caf 研究员 来源:X,@0xNing0x
本着“先买入再研究的”原则,在3周前建仓了之后,开始认真研究波卡(Polkadot)的最新状况。
在经历了裁员风波、Gavin Wood 交棒职业经理人、生态项目出走的熊市痛苦期后,波卡团队在23年交付了 XCM V3、OpenGoV 治理模块、系统平行链、异步支持和平行线程等等一系列新功能和特性,以增强生态内的互操作性、治理可参与性和效率、平行链的可扩展性。
而在2024年,波卡将开启新的篇章:波卡(Polkadot)2.0。
波卡2.0将交付的特性和功能包括:
1. 敏捷核心时间 (Agile Coretime)
核心时间(Coretime)是波卡2.0的一个新概念,它代表了在波卡进行验证和共识所需要的时间,是波卡网络最稀缺的资源。
在Polkadot 1.0中,核心时间(是通过插槽租赁的方式分配给平行链的,平行链为指定的租期(从6个月到24个月不等)进行出价竞拍插槽使用权。
然而,在Polkadot 2.0中,核心时间变成了一种流动的、可交易的、可积累的资产,可以作为同质化资产进行购买或出售。
这种机制被称为敏捷核心时间,它使得开发者更容易地在Polkadot网络上启动和维护他们的应用。
2. 按需平行链 (On-Demand Parachains)
按需平行链是一种更动态的区块空间获取方法。它们并不像现有的平行链那样定期进行区块生成,而是在有需要时,由收集器订购一个核心(一个区块生成机会)。
3.以太坊<>波卡跨链桥 Snowbridge
Snowbridge旨在创建一个无需信任的桥接,实现Polkadot和以太坊之间的互操作性。
Snowbridge的设计原则是去信任、通用性和确定执行性。
它的目标是实现媲美Polkadot平行链互操作性的以太坊<>波卡互操作性。
4. Kusama<>波卡跨链桥
实现媲美Polkadot平行链互操作性的Kusama<>波卡互操作性。
5. 弹性扩展
异步支持,允许收集器使用较旧的中继链父块来提交平行链区块,从而提高效率和可扩展性。
Sassafras算法
Sassafras是一种新的共识协议,旨在解决其他基于概率抽奖出块的协议中经常遇到的分叉相关问题。
Sassafras试图建立每个Epoch的Slot和验证节点之间的唯一关联,确保每个Slot只有一个验证节点。
具体来说,Sassafras算法的工作原理如下:
-选举:在每个Epoch开始时,都会通过抽奖的方式选出一组验证节点。
-分配:每个被选中的验证节点都会被分配到一个特定的Slot。
- 验证:当一个Slot到来时,被分配到该Slot的验证节点就会生成一个区块,并将其提交到主网。
- 确认:其他的验证节点会对提交的区块进行确认,如果大多数验证节点都确认了这个区块,那么这个区块就会被添加到区块链中。
通过这种方式,Sassafras算法可以确保每个Slot只有一个验证节点,从而避免了分叉的发生。
Sassafras算法,是PoS公链降低主网共识负载的一种流行解决方案。
在我看来,波卡2.0以上新特性中最重要的两个分别是:敏捷核心时间和以太坊<>波卡跨链桥 Snowbridge。
敏捷核心时间重构了波卡中继链与平行链之间的耦合关系,极大幅度地降低平行链开发者的运营成本和负担(回想一下当初卡槽拍卖期间开发者需要努力组织多少公关宣传、社区返佣活动、资本合作谈判吧)。
而且在核心时间交易市场 Lastic 上线之后,核心时间可以自由交易形成市场公允价格,有利于优化核心时间的资源配置。
以太坊<>波卡跨链桥 Snowbridge 是一招妙棋。正如 Paradigm 的加密星球漫画所展示的,以太坊是 Web3 星球的超级中心节点,所有的 Alt L1 和 L2 都需要从以太坊生态吸取资金、用户和开发者等资源。
Snowbridge 的推出,说明 Gavin 已经放下内心的小骄傲,开始承认现实,着手对以太坊发起“女巫攻击”做好 Infra 准备工作。
以上是对波卡(Polkadot)2.0 野望的简单分析。
最后说下我对 CrossChain 的看法,虽然现在 CrossChain 已经不再是 Web3 叙事中的显学,但在我深入研究跨链桥板块之后,我得出一个结论 CrossChain is Blockchain。
在某种视角下,以太坊也是一个 CrossChain 项目,以太坊主网可以类比为波卡网络的中继层,兼容 EVM 的 Alt L1 们和 L2 们可以类比为波卡网络的平行链。
只不过鉴于以太坊免许可、可信中立的原则精神,它的平行链与中继层之间耦合度没有其他 CrossChain 那么高,生态内的跨链互操作性也不如波卡和 Cosmos。
而缺乏统一标准的跨链互操作性方案,导致以太坊跨链桥成为黑客攻击的重灾区,也严重影响用户的以太坊生态交互体验(对比一下波卡平行链之间转移资产与 L2 之间转移资产的使用体验)。
以太坊基金会和美国加密 VC 都意识到了这一点,它们分别孵化了 Connext 和 LayerZero 去竞争以太坊生态的跨链互操作性标准。目前 LayerZero 在数据方面更胜一筹,但未来尚不可知。
Based on the principle of buying first and then researching, the author and researcher source began to seriously study the latest situation of Boca. After experiencing the painful period of bear market in which the professional manager's ecological project left, Boca team delivered a series of new functions and features in 2006 to enhance the interoperability, governance participation and scalability of the efficiency parallel chain, and Boca will open a new chapter in 2006. The characteristics and functions of payment include agile core time, which is a new concept of Boca. It represents the time needed for verification and consensus in Boca, and it is the scarcest resource in Boca network. In the middle core time, it is allocated to parallel chains through slot leasing, and bids for slot use rights for specified lease periods ranging from months to months. However, in the middle core time, it becomes a mobile, tradable and accumulative asset, which can be purchased or sold as homogeneous assets. This mechanism is called agile core time, which makes it easier for developers to start and maintain their applications on the network. On-demand parallel chain is a more dynamic method to obtain block space. They do not generate blocks regularly like existing parallel chains, but order a core and a block generation opportunity by collectors when necessary. The bridge aims to create a bridge without trust and the design principle of interoperability between Ethereum is to send letters. Any universality and certain enforceability, its goal is to realize the Ethernet card interoperability comparable to the parallel chain interoperability. The card interoperability across the chain bridge is comparable to the parallel chain interoperability. Elastic expansion asynchronous support allows collectors to use older relay chain parent blocks to submit parallel chain blocks, thus improving efficiency and scalability. The algorithm is a new consensus protocol aimed at solving the bifurcation-related problems often encountered in other protocols based on probability lottery, trying to establish and verify each one. The unique association between nodes ensures that each node has only one verification node. Specifically, the working principle of the algorithm is as follows: at the beginning of each election, a group of verification nodes will be selected by lottery, and each selected verification node will be assigned to a specific verification. When one arrives, the verification node assigned to it will generate a block and submit it to the main network to confirm that other verification nodes will confirm the submitted block. If most verification nodes confirm this, Block, then this block will be added to the blockchain. In this way, the algorithm can ensure that each node has only one verification node, thus avoiding the occurrence of bifurcation. The algorithm is a popular solution to reduce the consensus load of the main network in the public chain. In my opinion, the two most important new features above Boca are agile core time and Ethernet Boca cross-chain bridge agile core time, which reconstructs the coupling relationship between Boca relay chain and parallel chain, greatly reducing the operating cost of parallel chain developers. Recall how much public relations, publicity, community rebate activities and capital cooperation negotiations developers needed to organize during the card slot auction, and after the core time trading market went online, the core time can be freely traded to form a fair market price, which is conducive to optimizing the resource allocation of the core time. The Ethereum Boca Bridge is a wonderful move, just as the encrypted planet comics show that the Ethereum is the super central node of the planet, and all of them need to absorb funds from the Ethereum ecology for users and development. The introduction of resources such as the Internet shows that I have put down my inner pride and started to admit the reality and prepare for the witch attack on Ethereum. The above is a simple analysis of Boca Yewang. Finally, I will say my opinion. Although it is no longer an obvious study in narrative, I have come to a conclusion that Ethereum is also a project in a certain perspective. The main network of Ethereum can be compared to the relay layer of Boca, and the compatible users can be compared to the flat of Boca. Only in view of the spirit of the principle that Ethereum is license-free, credible and neutral, the coupling degree between its parallel chains and the relay layer is not as high as others, and the cross-chain interoperability within the ecology is not as good as that of Boca Sum, and the lack of a unified cross-chain interoperability scheme leads to the cross-chain bridge of Ethereum becoming the hardest hit area for hackers, which also seriously affects the user's experience of ecological interaction in Ethereum. Compare the experience of transferring assets between parallel chains of Boca and the use experience of transferring assets between them. Both Ethereum Foundation and American Encryption are aware of this. They have hatched and competed for the cross-chain interoperability standard of Ethereum ecology respectively, and 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台
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