美国制裁与区块链审查:以太坊网络在OFAC规定下的交易筛选现状

币圈资讯 阅读:39 2024-04-22 10:58:51 评论:0
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根据Labrys和Rated Network的数据,自2022年9月15日以太坊从工作量证明转向权益证明以来,在以太坊区块链中,大约有42%的区块对包含在美国财政部海外资产控制办公室(OFAC)的特别指定国民名单(SDN List)上的钱包地址进行了审查。换句话说,这些区块在处理交易时,会排除或阻止那些出现在美国制裁名单上的钱包地址的交易。而在本周早些时候,执行这种审查的区块比例甚至接近了50%。这说明在以太坊网络中,一半左右的区块正在按照美国的制裁名单执行某种形式的交易审查。

与比特币这样的无需许可的加密网络不同,以太坊上符合OFAC规定的中继节点会审查出现在美国制裁名单上的钱包地址。

当中来自Flashbots 的最大提取价值(MEV)工具 MEV-Boost ——默认情况下就会审查这些钱包,许多中继节点使用其默认设置。MEV-Boost还将验证者的区块生产外包给由其自己运营的第三方市场,通过前置交易、后置交易、夹击交易等量化交易策略来最大化收益,这些策略可能会利用普通以太坊用户。

一些MEV-Boost中继节点的例子包括Flashbots(迄今为止最大的)以及BlockNative、Manifold、Eden、BloXroute Max Profit、BloXroute Ethical和BloXroute Regulated等。

这意味着,当使用MEV-Boost软件的以太坊中继节点(负责传播交易和区块信息的节点)处理交易时,它们会自动过滤掉那些被美国OFAC列为特别指定国民名单(SDN List)的钱包地址的交易。因此,这些地址的交易不会被包括在区块链中。许多中继节点可能会选择使用MEV-Boost的默认设置,从而在它们的操作中实施这种审查机制。

(图片由 Mev Watch 提供)

遵守美国制裁的中继运营商会审查哪些用户可以在以太坊区块链上广播交易。当然那些被美国财政部海外资产控制办公室(OFAC)制裁的用户,即使不能通过遵守OFAC规定的路径(例如某些加密货币交易所或验证节点),他们仍然可以尝试通过其他不符合OFAC规定的途径来执行他们的交易。换句话说,这些用户可能会寻找不遵循OFAC制裁规定的交易平台或网络节点,以此来完成他们的区块链交易,因为这些平台或节点不会根据OFAC的制裁名单来过滤或拒绝交易。

就比如Coinbase,去年Tornado Cash因为为朝鲜提供混币服务而被美国政府制裁。但在根据Tornado Warnings的数据,在过去两周内,Coinbase验证了686笔与Tornado Cash相关的交易。而Coinbase作为以太坊网络的一个验证节点,确认并加入这些交易到区块链中。

这个表格显示了每个验证器提出了多少块,其中包括与所有面额的 Torado Cash 合约或 TORN 波场进行了交互(存入或取出)的事务。来源: Toni Wahrstätter

这对OFAC来说有点尴尬,貌似他对Coinbase的行为视而不见。然而这些合约互动在链上清晰可见,预估迟早OFAC需要面对这个问题并做出决策,这也是对Coinbase和以太坊一个比较大大潜在影响。


According to the data of and, since Ethereum changed from workload certificate to equity certificate on,, about some blocks in the Ethereum blockchain have reviewed the wallet addresses included in the specially designated national list of the Overseas Assets Control Office of the US Treasury Department. In other words, these blocks will exclude or prevent the transactions of wallet addresses appearing on the US sanctions list when dealing with transactions, and the proportion of blocks that carried out this review earlier this week is even close to this, which means that it is in Ethereum. About half of the blocks in the network are carrying out some form of transaction review according to the US sanctions list, which is different from the unlicensed encrypted network such as Bitcoin. The compliant relay nodes in the Ethereum have tried to find out the maximum extracted value tools from the wallet addresses on the US sanctions list. By default, they will review these wallets. Many relay nodes use their default settings and outsource the production of the verifier's blocks to the third-party market operated by themselves. After pre-transaction, Set quantitative trading strategies such as transaction attack trading to maximize revenue. These strategies may make use of some examples of relay nodes of ordinary Ethereum users, including the largest so far, and so on. This means that when the nodes responsible for disseminating transactions and block information using software handle transactions, they will automatically filter out those transactions with wallet addresses listed as specially designated national lists by the United States, so the transactions at these addresses will not be included in the blockchain. Many relay nodes can. Can choose the default settings to use so as to implement this review mechanism in their operations. The picture will be reviewed by the relay operators who provide compliance with US sanctions, which users can broadcast transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. Of course, those users who are sanctioned by the Overseas Assets Control Office of the US Treasury Department can still try to execute their transactions through other non-compliant channels even if they cannot follow the prescribed path, such as some cryptocurrency exchanges or verification nodes. In other words, These users may look for trading platforms or network nodes that don't follow the sanctions regulations to complete their blockchain transactions, because these platforms or nodes will not filter or reject transactions according to the sanctions list. For example, last year, they were sanctioned by the US government for providing mixed currency services to North Korea, but in the past two weeks, according to the data, they verified a related transaction and confirmed and added these transactions to the blockchain as a verification node of Ethereum Network. This table shows each verification. How many pieces have been put forward by the witness, including the transaction sources that have interacted with all denominations of contracts or wave fields, which is a bit embarrassing for me. It seems that he has turned a blind eye to the behavior, but these contract interactions are clearly visible in the chain. It is estimated that sooner or later, he will have to face this problem and make a decision, which is also a relatively great potential impact on Ethereum. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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