EigenLayer:连接以太坊和Cosmos

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作者:EigenLayer Research;翻译:比特币买卖交易网xiaozou

以太坊和Cosmos起初的目标是明显不同的,但它们的路径正在慢慢融合。两者都面临着相似的技术挑战,如MEV、流动性碎片化和广泛去中心化的难题。

Cosmos作为实验枢纽而蓬勃发展,以太坊是名副其实的可组合结算层。尽管这两个生态系统通过这样那样的方式相互学习借鉴,但一直缺乏深层的社交和理念联系——直到EigenLayer的出现。

通过连接以太坊和CosmosEigenLayer将带来新一轮的创新浪潮。Cosmos社区可以利用以太坊作最为重要的去中心化安全性和流动性来源;以太坊则可以利用Cosmos上数不清的创新实验。

以太坊的愿景是成为全球结算层,而Cosmos则设想了一个由数百个数字城市国家组成的世界。二者有不同的目标,采用了不同的设计选择;以太坊采用了权益证明(PoS),专注于单独验证者(validator),而Cosmos采用了委托权益证明,是轻客户端验证和治理的最佳选择。

随着各自的发展,它们的设计开始趋同。以太坊选择以rollup为中心的扩展路线图,而Cosmos则探索起了共享安全方案,这两个生态系统的目标和做法正在慢慢靠近。随着以太坊L2发展成熟,Superchain、ZK Stack和Polygon 2.0等计划开始展现出与Cosmos生态相似的紧密融合的经济区。

这些计划都有独特的设计权衡,但主要目标仍然是一样的:安全地扩展加密基础设施。因此,融合不同的设计经验不仅是可取的,而且是必要的,特别是考虑到这些系统面临着共同的挑战。

1Cosmos和以太坊正在解决类似的问题

自2020年以来,最大可提取值(MEV)一直都是以太坊的一个重要话题,影响以太坊的未来发展路线图和协议设计。提议者-建设者分离(PBS)旨在抵消MEV引发的中心化压力。

以太坊中的PBS目前是通过一种名为MEV-Boost的协议外设计实现的,使用可信的commit-reveal(提交-披露)方案。在未来,enshrined PBS(ePBS)设计将集成到以太坊基础层中,以移除可信第三方。

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在Cosmos内,MEV也是一个关键的讨论话题。得益于各个Cosmos链的灵活性,更先进的ePBS解决方案正在实现。例如,Osmosis正在进行top-of-block套利利润共享实验,而Skip正在测试BlockSDK,这是一种去中心化区块建设者和提议者承诺(commitment)设计。同样,Fairblock也正在为所有链测试加密内存池和提交-披露方案。

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另一方面,Cosmos开发者社区将互操作性作为重中之重,主要是因为它的模块化特性。区块链间通信(IBC)协议的概念于2016年提出,旨在通过跨链轻客户端验证应对互操作性挑战。该协议于2021年投入使用,目前已保护了1000多个IBC连接的安全。

而随着L2和应用链数量的不断增加,以太坊在互操作性方面陷入困境。就目前而言,考虑到L2的可变排序设计,跨L2的轻客户端验证是具有挑战性的。然而,像Espresso系统和其他公司的去中心化排序器的实现已经开始为更加动态的互操作性设计铺平道路。

将Cosmos的技术直接应用于以太坊一直以来都是一个挑战,但L2现在为新实验的成长普及提供了一个场所。

2EigenLayer降低了L2利用Cosmos创新的障碍

Cosmos的许多创新都涉及到利用验证器(validator)集来执行补充工作。然而,目前L2还不能使用验证器操作员集。维护一个具有强大经济安全性的达到法定数量的验证器是出了名的巨大挑战。

EigenLayer通过提供一个经济质押平台来解决这个问题——允许任何质押者为任何PoS网络做出贡献。通过降低成本和复杂性,EigenLayer有效地为L2利用Cosmos鲜活的创新铺平了道路。

HB7RzYwhFJ0siWRJO9AXiTzxcNTaRMg00Lf4vtiA.png

3、两大技术栈的融合孕育了具无限可能的共生关系

1)将Cosmos的前沿创新带到以太坊

来自Cosmos的特定应用创新是对EigenLayer复杂的质押社区和资本规模的完美补充。我们希望会有更深入的合作能够产生更高的生产力,扩展以太坊的功能,并为Cosmos建设者创造环境,将他们的才能应用到世界上最大的链上可编程质押经济中。

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我们还认为,先进的以太坊项目将继续将特定的应用程序功能外包给专门的委员会。这些委员会将执行先进的设计良好的操作来协助以太坊应用程序,例如密封递价拍卖、机器学习推理、订单机制等。

2)从没有代币的第一天开始去中心化

在Cosmos-以太坊的结合中,去中心化从一开始就得到了优先考虑。EigenLayer并没有将此性与原生代币绑定,而是允许从第一天起就利用以太坊网络的庞大验证器集。输出以太坊的去中心化确保了安全性的增强,并促进了对网络运营的无需许可式访问,从而促进一个更有弹性的生态系统的形成。

3)访问以太坊用户群和节点操作员

鉴于其所有的技术创新,Cosmos生态系统极度需要得到用户采用,这已经不是什么秘密了。以太坊L2是容纳创新实验的理想场所。此外,自信标链于2020年上线以来,以太坊验证器节点已经接受了足够训练,可操作价值数百亿美元的协议。EigenLayer继承了以太坊600亿美元的安全性,允许L2复制他们的专长来处理节点级操作,确保最终用户的流畅体验。

4Cosmos上的以太坊经济安全性

好处是相互的。各个优秀团队正在积极开发解决方案,目的是为Cosmos带来以太坊的巨大经济安全性。现列举与此直接相关的三个项目(按字母顺序排列)如下。

1Cosmos SDK

目前,通过Cosmos SDK,人们可以使用原生质押代币轻松地启动一个PoA链或PoS链。虽然如今可以通过复制安全性或共享安全性来租用安全,但部署一定程度涉及到其他链的治理参与。在不久的将来,开发人员将能够使用以太坊的安全性启动一个新的PoS链或启动一个新的具有目标安全预算的PoA链。各链可以定制他们的安全需求,并将网络发布与代币发布相分离。

2Karthik Raju推出的Ethos

链间安全性(ICS)允许链从ATOM代币和Cosmos Hub验证器集借用经济安全性。自那之后,Mesh和Hybrid Security等新标准陆续进入市场。

EthosCosmos共享安全叙事的下一步。Ethos将再质押ETH从EigenLayer带到Cosmos生态系统的新供应链中心。Cosmos链通常以10%+的通胀时间表支付,因为底层信任层是由波动性资产支持的。ETH是最优质的链上资产。再质押ETHETH的最低机会成本版本,对消费链来说,只要求较低的个位数通胀/成本。

Ethos将作为再质押ETH的集中源,Cosmos链可以从中借用再质押ETH以低成本(通胀)引导启动其信任层。通过允许更大的可选性,Ethos极大地改进了共享安全的原始机制。

3Jake Hartnell推出的Lay3r

Lay3r正在构建一个新的IBC兼容技术栈,支持WASM智能合约和EVM。虽然向Cosmos技术栈(最重要的是Comet BFT和IBC)借鉴了很多,但它还具有模块化的基于rustSDK,允许开发人员轻松启动自己的独立高性能L1或EigenLayer支持的L2。

Lay3r L2(通过EigenLayer确保安全性)由Mesh Security的两位建设者开发,将允许ETH再质押者通过为该Interchain提供经济安全来获得额外奖励,并为构建IBC支持的协议和链的开发人员提供谢林点。

5、结论

随着Cosmos和以太坊之间的关系越来越密切,我们期待涌现更多的创意和创新。EigenLayer将继续作为两个生态系统之间的创新纽带,通过我们对开放创新的承诺为两个生态系统注入价值。


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