区块链项目出海公司设立的三大要点你知道吗?

币圈资讯 阅读:40 2024-04-22 10:47:00 评论:0
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引言:

进行区块链项目创业的朋友,在法律上遇到的第一个问题就是注册公司。注册公司对于传统项目不会构成法律上的疑难点,但对于区块链项目,由于中国大陆的监管问题,大部分区块链项目都会出海。出海注册公司对于创始人来说,就是一块较为陌生的领域,再加上区块链项目的业务特性,有时候注册一家公司并不能解决实际需求,那么需要注册几家公司呢?这个问题的回答,需要项目方根据自身的规模、是否发Token、战略和业务需求来灵活选择。

为何要设立多家公司

一般而言,一些小型区块链项目可能在项目早期只注册一家技术公司,主要用于开发和维护区块链技术,也同时用于为开发人员支付工资、租用办公室、支付一些软件订阅和积累知识产权等运营任务。这家技术公司通常在创始人所在的国家或地区注册,因为这样可以方便地管理团队、支付工资、享受税收优惠。

对于一些规模较大的区块链项目,特别是涉及多个业务的,可以考虑就不同业务设立不同的技术公司;如果项目涉及商业运营、营销和盈利模式,可以考虑注册一个独立的商业公司来处理商业事务。

如果项目在全球范围内展开业务,可能需要在不同国家注册公司或分支机构,以满足各地法规和运营需求。

一旦项目决定发Token,项目方需要单独设立一家Token发行主体,这主要有以下四个原因:

1、方便融资。方便投资人知道投资文件中将指定哪家公司;

2、为Token上市准备法律意见书。因为大多数Token上市平台都需要一份Token法律意见书,而在大多数情况下,如果没有注册的法人实体,则无法准备该法律意见书;

3、降低监管风险。一些国家和地区对Token的发行和交易的严格的限制或禁令,欢迎区块链技术的国家和地区不一定欢迎发Token,比如中国内地;

4、进行税务筹划。由于Token发行可能涉及巨额利润,因此选择具有优惠税率的国家和地区单独设立Token发行主体将降低税负。

Token发行主体设立地的选择上,主要考虑税务和监管两个因素。总的来说,英属维尔京群岛(BVI)以及开曼群岛等离岸地或者新加坡、香港等在岸地都是项目方或者投资人比较倾向的Token发行主体所在地。BVI与开曼群岛没有类似于公司所得、利润等税种且对于虚拟货币持较为宽松的监管态度,从税务以及监管的角度来说,BVI与开曼群岛是比较便捷的选择。

不同公司如何来搭建

在设立多家公司的情况下,自然而然会产生如何搭建架构,方便对多家公司进行管理的问题。常见的比较成熟的框架就如OK集团的下图框架。

zT8otLM0fyRB69qoAjHHD0PeNjB2yxfPlrJv5eK2.jpeg

根据网络公开信息,OKLink(欧科云链)和OKCoin的母公司OKC Holdings注册于开曼群岛。徐明星通过多家注册在BVI的离岸公司成为OKC Holdings的最大股东和实际控制人。欧科云链的子公司,即具体项目公司分别有欧科云链信托有限公司(香港)、OKLink Investment Holdings Limited(BVI)、深圳市欧科云链网络科技有限公司等等,OKCoin的子公司分别有OKX新加坡、OKX香港、OKX巴西等等,根据业务实际需求而设立。

同时,OK集团另设了基金会专门用于其Token的发行。但曼昆金律师未在公开渠道发现其基金会的合伙情况,但猜测其合伙人之中应该包含OK集团股权架构中的某些离岸公司以及一些自然人投资人。

其他的项目方完全可以参照OK集团的架构并结合自己的需求搭建自己的多层架构。

DAO的法律形式应该是怎样?

尽管前述种种都是中心化的公司架构以及为实现中心化的管理而采取的一些法律手段。但在一些区块链项目中,创始人仍然会在社区治理等问题上采用DAO的形式以实现“去中心化的自治”。

但如果DAO的形式仅仅依靠智能合约而没有任何法律外观的话,DAO成员将面临被认为是普通合伙企业,进而DAO成员将为其活动承担无限责任的法律风险。如在美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)诉Ooki DAO一案中, 由于Ooki DAO未形成任何法律实体,法官认为,OOKI Token 代币持有者通过治理代币投票来影响 Ooki DAO 治理提案的结果,OOKI Token 代币持有者就可以被认定为自愿参与 Ooki DAO 治理而需要对 DAO 的行为承担个人责任。

因此,成立为DAO成立一家公司将保护DAO成员免受可能无穷无尽的司法、税务、财务和其他责任;同时,公司的成立也将规范DAO的财务管理的程序,例如,确保从DAO Treasury发放赠款的AML和KYC程序等。


Introduction The first problem encountered by friends who start a blockchain project in law is that registering a company will not pose a legal problem for traditional projects, but for blockchain projects, most blockchain projects will go to sea due to the regulatory problems in Chinese mainland. Registering a company is a strange field for the founders, and coupled with the business characteristics of blockchain projects, sometimes registering a company cannot solve the actual needs, so it is necessary to register several companies. The answer to this question requires the project party to flexibly choose why to set up multiple companies according to its own scale and business needs. Generally speaking, some small blockchain projects may register only one technology company in the early stage of the project, which is mainly used to develop and maintain blockchain technology, and at the same time, it is used to pay for developers, rent offices, pay for some software subscriptions and accumulate intellectual property rights. This technology company is usually registered in the country or region where the founder is located because it can In order to facilitate the management team to pay wages and enjoy tax incentives, for some large-scale blockchain projects, especially those involving multiple businesses, we can consider setting up different technology companies for different businesses. If the project involves commercial operations, marketing and profit models, we can consider registering an independent commercial company to handle commercial affairs. If the project conducts business on a global scale, we may need to register companies or branches in different countries to meet local regulations and operational needs. Once the project decides to issue items, The destination party needs to set up a separate issuer for the following four reasons: it is convenient for financing and investors to know which company will be designated in the investment document to prepare legal opinions for listing, because most listing platforms need a legal opinion, and in most cases, if there is no registered legal entity, the legal opinion cannot be prepared, which reduces the regulatory risk. Some countries and regions have strict restrictions or bans on the issuance and trading of blockchain technology. For example, China mainland is welcome to carry out tax planning. Because the issuance may involve huge profits, choosing a country and region with preferential tax rates to set up an issuer separately will reduce the tax burden. In the choice of the location of the issuer, two factors, tax and supervision, are mainly considered. Generally speaking, the British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and other offshore places or Singapore and Hong Kong are the places where the issuer is preferred by the project parties or investors, and there is no profit similar to the Cayman Islands. From the perspective of taxation and supervision, it is more convenient to choose how to build different companies with the Cayman Islands. In the case of setting up multiple companies, the problem of how to build a structure to facilitate the management of multiple companies will naturally arise. The common and mature framework is like the following figure of the group. According to the network public information, Ouke Cloud Chain and its parent company are registered in Xu Mingxing, Cayman Islands through a number of registered offshore companies. For the largest shareholder and actual controller, the subsidiaries of Ouke Yunlian, that is, the specific project companies, are Ou Ke Yunlian Trust Co., Ltd., Hong Kong Shenzhen Ou Ke Yunlian Network Technology Co., Ltd. and other subsidiaries, including Singapore, Hong Kong and Brazil, etc. According to the actual needs of the business, the group has set up another foundation for its issuance, but Man Kun Jin has not found the partnership of his foundation in public channels, but guessed that some of its partners should include some separation in the group's equity structure. Shore companies and some natural person investors and other project parties can refer to the structure of the group and combine their own needs to build their own multi-layer structure. What should be the legal form? Although all of the above are centralized corporate structures and some legal means to achieve centralized management, in some blockchain projects, the founders will still adopt the form of community governance to achieve decentralized autonomy, but if the form only relies on smart contracts, it will not. If there is any legal appearance, members will face the legal risk that they will be considered as a general partnership, and then members will bear unlimited liability for their activities. For example, in the case of the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission v., because no legal entity has been formed, the judge believes that the token holder can be considered as a voluntary participant in governance and needs to bear personal responsibility for the behavior. Therefore, the establishment of a company will protect members from endless judicial, tax, financial and other responsibilities, and the establishment of the company will also standardize the procedures of financial management, such as ensuring the granting of grants and procedures. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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