拆掉Rollup辅助轮 L2如何开启去中心化道路

币圈资讯 阅读:35 2024-04-22 10:39:37 评论:0
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作者:NingNing,独立研究员 来源:X,@0xNing0x

近日,Metis社区的MIP-4提案通过,这是所有L2中第一家开启去中心化序列器测试的,这也意味着Metis开始拆掉Rollup辅助轮的特别行动。

Rollup辅助轮的概念来自Vitalik。22年11月,Vitalik在以太坊社区论坛上发帖讨论Rollup L2发展中的里程碑。他提议设定3个里程碑,这3个里程碑分别是:

-- 阶段0 :完全辅助轮阶段

处于阶段0的Rollup L2,允许采用中心化的序列器将L2的全部状态数据打包提交到L1(以太坊主网),同时在L1部署一组验证智能合约(例如Optimism部署在以太坊主网的Optimism Gateway)保障数据可用性和确保用户可以免许可地自由转移资产。

-- 阶段1:有限辅助轮阶段

处于阶段1的Rollup L2,OP-Rollup需要在L1部署欺诈证明,ZK-Rollup需要在L1部署有效性证明。

需要设有一个拥有覆写欺诈证明和有效性证明错误输出权限的多签“安全委员会”

允许存在升级机制,但时间锁至少有7天的延迟。

--阶段2:无辅助轮阶段

必须有两个独立的互为备份的欺诈证明合约或者有效性证明合约,当发生状态数据冲突时,“安全委员会”根据情况调整

允许存在升级机制,但时间锁至少有30天的延迟。

在发表这篇贴文之后,Vitalik非常Bullish Rollup 这3个里程碑,他在当时乐观地预期在坎昆升级之后L2将至少达到阶段1里程碑。

但由于坎昆升级从上海升级中拆解为独立重大升级,且部署时间一再延期,目前所有的Rollup L2仍然处在阶段0。

造成这一现象的原因有两个方面:

--实现欺诈证明机制的智能合约结构复杂,需要消耗大量的链上计算和验证资源,运营成本非常高昂。而需要进行欺诈挑战的事件发生的概率非常低,至少到目前为止,众多OP-Rollup L2中尚未发生1例状态冲突事件。

为了小概率事件而投入高昂成本,不经济。即使不考虑经济因素而只为了增强安全性,L2开发团队也希望在坎昆升级让L2运营成本大幅下降之后再部署。

--某些L2是阶段0 的既得利益者。靠着L2撸毛热潮和中心化序列器,每月能从用户身上MEV千万以上美元的经营收入。他们缺乏进入阶段1或者阶段2的动力。

面对L2这种颟顸不前沉迷阶段0现状,市场和用户的耐心都已经逐渐耗尽。

最近对L2的批评声音越来越多,集中在迟迟不开展欺诈证明测试网验证、序列器中心化、无尽的任务MEV用户Gas费等。

面对这些批评,有的L2把以太坊Maxi的意识形态当作盾牌,认为去中心化序列器建立独立/半独立共识是在跟以太坊解耦。

Rollup

有的L2则认为L2与以太坊之间是分形关系。去中心化序列器,在某种程度上,是以太坊PoS共识机制在L2层面的分形。

Rollup

持有这种态度的L2有Starknet和Metis。其中Starknet为了平衡,选择1/3的Gas费用协议代币STRK支付,可谓是1/3的主权Rollup。而Metis作为“Vitalik他妈的L2”,则在主权Rollup的道路选择上更加坚定,果断在本月开启去中心化序列器测试。

中心化序列器,还是去中心化序列器,这对每条L2都是一个巨大的问题。

这里先抛开以太坊正统性的政治正确不谈,而只分析一下L2构建的方法论。

目前L2构建的方法论隐约分出两派阵容。一派坚持以太坊正统性至上和坚持开发者至上,以欺诈证明/有效性证明技术方案,实现L2的最小信任化和去中心化。另一派则认同社区最大和用户为王,以去中心化序列器+主权Rollup的架构,实现L2的去中心化。

我们无意介入这场纷争,而只想陈述一个基本事实:web3的协议不是web2的产品,构建web3协议的过程更类似构建一个生物圈生态,而不像web2产品那样是构建一个工业品。

这就是为什么Metis社区强调多元、包容、共享的原则,这也是为什么Metis冒着一些以太坊Maxi的质疑依然推动序列器的去中心化。

经济权利下放和社区共同治理,或许会是L2去中心化道路的那个通关密码。

最后,在比特币生态、模块化公链崛起与以太坊生态争夺未来Web3范式定义权之时,以太坊生态需要克制e/acc冲动,要比以往更加倾听来自社区的声音。


The author, an independent researcher from the community, recently passed the proposal, which is the first one of all to start the decentralized sequencer test, which also means that the concept of special action auxiliary wheels that began to dismantle auxiliary wheels came from posting on the Ethereum community forum in June to discuss the milestone in development. He proposed to set a milestone, which is the stage of complete auxiliary wheels, allowing all state data to be packaged and submitted to the main network of Ethereum by using centralized sequencers, while deploying one. Smart contracts for group verification, such as ensuring data availability and ensuring that users can freely transfer assets without permission, are needed in the stage of limited auxiliary wheels. In the stage of deploying fraud certificates, it is necessary to set up a multi-sign security committee with the right to overwrite fraud certificates and error output of validity certificates. The upgrade mechanism is allowed, but the time lock is at least days, and there must be two independent frauds without auxiliary wheels. Certificate contract or validity certificate contract When there is a conflict of status data, the security committee will adjust the upgrade mechanism according to the situation, but the time lock will be delayed for at least one day, which is a milestone after the publication of this post. At that time, he optimistically predicted that Cancun upgrade would reach at least the stage milestone, but because Cancun upgrade was dismantled from Shanghai upgrade to independent major upgrade and the deployment time was repeatedly postponed, there are two reasons for this phenomenon. The intelligent contract structure for realizing fraud proof mechanism is complex and needs to consume a lot of online calculation and verification resources. The operation cost is very high, but the probability of events that need to be challenged by fraud is very low. At least so far, there have been no cases of state conflict events. It is not economical to invest in small probability events. Even if economic factors are not considered, the development team only wants to enhance security. It is hoped that some of them will be deployed after Cancun upgrades and the operation cost will drop sharply. Stakeholders can earn more than 10 million dollars a month from users by relying on the craze of hair rolling and centralized sequencers. They lack the motivation to enter the stage or stage. Faced with this kind of stagnation and addiction stage, the patience of the market and users has gradually exhausted. Recently, more and more criticism has been focused on the delay in carrying out fraud proof test network to verify the endless task of sequencers centralization, user fees, etc. In the face of these criticisms, some people regard the ideology of Ethereum as a shield and think that decentralization is the order. The establishment of independent and semi-independent consensus is decoupled from Ethereum, and some people think that there is a fractal relationship with Ethereum. The decentralized sequencer is, to some extent, the fractal of Ethereum consensus mechanism at the level. Some people hold this attitude, and among them, in order to balance the cost of choice, token payment can be said to be sovereign, while as a fuck, it is more firm and decisive in the choice of sovereign road. It is for everyone to open decentralized sequencer this month to test decentralized sequencer or decentralized sequencer. A huge problem. Let's put aside the political correctness of Ethereum's orthodoxy and just analyze the methodology of construction. At present, the methodology of construction is vaguely divided into two factions. One faction insists on the supremacy of Ethereum's orthodoxy and the developer's supremacy, and proves the minimum trust and decentralization of the technical solution by fraud. The other faction agrees with the decentralization of the architecture that the community is the largest and the user is the king. We have no intention to intervene in this dispute but just want to state one. The process of building a product agreement is more similar to building a biosphere ecology than building an industrial product like a product. This is why the community emphasizes the principle of diversity, tolerance and sharing. This is also why it still promotes the decentralization of sequencers despite the doubts of some Ethereum. Decentralization of economic rights and community co-governance may be the customs clearance code for the decentralization road. Finally, when the Bitcoin ecological modular public chain rises and Ethereum ecological competes for the right to define the future paradigm, Ethereum ecological needs to resist the impulse and listen to the voices from the community more than ever. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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