当前Rollup市场的现状 各路Rollup争雄

币圈资讯 阅读:29 2024-04-22 10:13:24 评论:0
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作者:NingNing,独立研究员 来源:X,0xNing0x

当前Rollup市场的现状——正统性Rollup、主权性Rollup、模块化Rollup和Restaking Rollup 争雄

23年的可扩展性竞争市场的主题之一,是Rollup吞噬Alt L1的TVL、用户和生态Dapp。Arbitrum、Optimism、Zksync、Starknet等作为守护以太坊生态的圣殿骑士团,对以太坊生态功莫大焉。

但当Arbitrum尝试构建L1-L2-L3的Rollup可扩展路线的中心辐射结构,以稳固其Rollup龙头地位和既得利益时,事情开始变得不对味儿。

好在Optimism和Zksync都没有跟进Arbitrum的野蛮行动,而是选择Stacks并行结构,并自降为Stack结构的第一个实例。

而且,即使不是以太坊的侧链的以太坊侧链Polygon,也没有选择Arbitrum的路线,而是选择跟进Optimism和Zksync的路线,推出类Stacks并行结构Polygon CDK。只不过Polygon CDK的结算层,是Polygon PoS主网,而非以太坊主网。

但采用Stacks SDK部署的Rollup,大部分需要与其共享数据可用性和结算层,并没有实现真正的并行和主权性。

这与以太坊DankSharding分片愿景中1024个分片+1分片对n个Rollup的去中心化可扩展性架构相比,仍然相去甚远。

进入24年,在模块化、Restaking等新原语的刺激下,Rollup开始分化出4种类型:正统性Rollup、主权性Rollup、模块化Rollup、Restaking Rollup:

正统性Rollup

正统性Rollup主动追求作为以太坊执行层的外包商之一,追求EVM等效性甚至以太坊等效性,Optimism、Linea、Scroll属于此类。Arbitrum架构与它们相同,但在追求以太坊等效性没有上面三家激进,而更以开发者为中心。

以太坊

主权性Rollup

主权性Rollup以Vitalik他妈的Metis、Vitalik和Eli联合发起的Starknet为代表。

他们共同的架构特征,是具有去中心化序列器网络和主权性验证网络(结算层)

因为Metis采用Op Rollup机制而Starknet采用Zk Rollup机制,它们的主权性验证网络架构虽然都采用了PBS(区块提交者和区块构建者分离)的设计思想,但有所不同:Starknet的主权性验证网络架构增加了一些节点角色,如负责生成ZKP(零知识证明)的Prover(证明者)

而且由于ZKP有效性验证提交到以太坊主网的成本,低于欺诈证明,所以Starknet仍然将以太坊作为共识层和数据可用层。

而Metis则干脆做到底,只将以太坊主网作为memo储存器或者说公告板。它与以太坊主网的关系,类似目前多数比特币L2与比特币主网的关系,可谓主权性拉满。

以太坊

模块化Rollup

模块化Rollup目前分为两种子类型:Manta等通用性Rollup和Aevo、Lyra等Dapp Rollup。

模块化Rollup目前的状态,让人感觉只是将DA层从以太坊换成Celesita、Avail等模块化区块链DA。

但这样的想法,忽略了模块化Rollup的深层意义,即模块化Rollup是对目前主流的Rollup中心辐射结构的革新和挑战。

模块化Rollup赋予Dapp开发者从以太坊和通用性L2的掌控中逃逸的能力,能够缓解目前面向以太坊基金会、面向VC构建Rollup的怪象,而重回以用户为中心的产品范式。

以太坊

Restaking Rollup

Restaking Rollup是Raas服务商AltLayer与EigenLayer联合推出的新原语。

与主权Rollup中的Metis相比,它的验证网络和共识网络从EigenLayer AVS节点网络中引导,经济安全性来源于Restaking的ETH和LST,安全性高于由L2原生协议代币保障。

Restaking Rollup,在结算层之前插入了一个名为AltLayer Vital的中继层,在共识层和数据可用层之前插入了一个名为Altlayer Mach的中继层,由它们分别承载结算层、共识层和数据可用层的部分功能。

这样的架构可以提升Rollup的安全性、最终确认性和降低数据可用性验证成本。

以太坊

Restaking Rollup还大幅降低了部署Rollup的门槛和成本,目前Altlayer支持零代码5分钟部署1条Rollup。

以上4种类型中正统性Rollup和主权性Rollup以通用性Rollup为主,占据市场大部分份额。但它们部署和运营成本非常重,不适合Dapp开发者使用。

而轻协议范式的模块化Rollup和Restaking Rollup,在24年给了Dapp开发者新的选择。


The author's independent researcher comes from the current situation of the market, legitimacy, sovereignty, modularity and scalability in the year of competition. One of the themes of the competitive market is the devouring users and ecology. The Knights Templar, as the guardian of the ecology of the Ethereum, has made little contribution to the ecology of the Ethereum. However, when trying to build the central radiation structure of the extensible route to stabilize its leading position and vested interests, things began to get wrong. Instead of following up with barbaric actions, they chose parallel structure and fell to the first place in the structure. An example, and even the side chain of Ethereum, which is not the side chain of Ethereum, has no chosen route, but the route of follow-up sum. The parallel structure is introduced, but the settlement layer is the main network instead of the main network of Ethereum, but most of the deployment needs to share data availability and settlement layer with it, which has not achieved real parallelism and sovereignty. This is still far from the decentralized scalability architecture of Ethereum's fragmentation vision, and it is stimulated by new primitives such as modularity in the coming year. Began to differentiate into types of orthodoxy, sovereignty, modularity, orthodoxy, and actively pursue equivalence as one of the outsourcers of Ethereum executive layer, even Ethereum equivalence belongs to this kind of architecture, but in the pursuit of Ethereum equivalence, it is not as radical as the above three, but more developer-centered. Ethereum sovereignty is represented by fucking and joint sponsorship, and their common architectural characteristics are decentralized sequencer network and sovereignty verification network settlement layer. Although their sovereignty verification network architectures all adopt the design idea of separating the block submitter and the block builder, the different sovereignty verification network architectures add some node roles, such as the certifier who is responsible for generating zero-knowledge proofs, and because the cost of submitting validity verification to the Ethernet main network is lower than that of fraud proof, Taifang will still be used as the consensus layer and data availability layer, but simply use Taifang main network as the storage or bulletin board in the end. Its relationship with the main network of Ethereum is similar. At present, the relationship between most bitcoins and the main network of Bitcoin can be described as sovereignty. Ethereum modularity is divided into two subtypes: equal universality and equal modularity. At present, people feel that the layer is just changed from Ethereum to equal modular blockchain, but this idea ignores the deep meaning of modularity, that is, modularity is an innovation and challenge to the current mainstream central radiation structure. Modularity gives developers an escape from the control of Ethereum and universality. The ability can alleviate the strange phenomenon of the current construction-oriented foundation for Ethereum and return to the user-centered product paradigm. Ethereum is a new primitive jointly launched by service providers and its verification network and consensus network guide the economic security from the node network and the security is higher than that guaranteed by the native protocol token. A relay layer named is inserted in front of the settlement layer, and a relay layer named is inserted in front of the consensus layer and the data availability layer, which are respectively borne by them. Some functions of computing layer, consensus layer and data availability layer. This architecture can improve the security, final confirmation and reduce the cost of data availability verification. Ethereum also greatly reduces the threshold and cost of deployment. At present, it supports zero-code minute deployment. Among the above types, orthodoxy and sovereignty mainly occupy the majority of the market, but their deployment and operation costs are very heavy, which is not suitable for developers to use, but light of the modularity of protocol paradigm and gave developers new choices in. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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