律师解析——首例区块链游戏合同诈骗案

币圈资讯 阅读:38 2024-04-22 09:55:48 评论:0
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引言

近日北京丰台警方在其公众号上发布一篇文章《首例!丰台经侦破获区块链游戏诈骗案》,案例中结合了虚拟货币、NFT、区块链游戏等诸多元素,现实中这几个词语至少都是中性甚至是代表着当下区块链发展的正向词汇;但是一旦虚拟货币、NFT、链游的技术含量不足时,很容易就朝着违法犯罪的方向滑行,北京丰台警方侦破的案子即是如此。

另外,这里的“首例”不知道是丰台首例,还是北京首例,甚至是全国首例(可能性不大),文章并没有解释,这里不排除是为了吸引点击流量的手段。不过这并不影响我们这篇普法文的展开。

案例情况介绍

嫌疑人刘某组建团队,在网上宣传某区块链游戏是他们海外团队开发,引诱投资人在“币某网”(盲猜币安)购买虚拟货币后,在游戏中换购“H某币”,再使用“H某币”在游戏内购买NFT,并宣传该NFT数字资产有增值效果,预期收益可达原价值的3倍以上。

当多名投资人向刘某指定的数字账号汇款后,刘某团队失联,被害人报警后案发。目前5名受害人的损失金额达600万元之多。

什么是合同诈骗罪?

上述案例中刘某被公安机关认定的是涉嫌合同诈骗罪,一些朋友对于这个罪名可能稍微有点陌生,但是既然这个罪包含“诈骗”的字样,当然是和诈骗罪渊源颇深了。刘律师在很多文章中都介绍过我们国家法律对于诈骗罪的立案标准、定罪量刑的尺度等;对于合同诈骗罪,可以理解成有合同(甚至是商事行为)参与其中的诈骗犯罪。

具体来说就是:“以非法占有为目的”在签订、履行合同过程中,骗取对方财物的行为。常见的模式我国刑法也有提及,比如:

“以虚构的单位或冒用他人名义签订合同”

“以伪造、变造、作废的票据或其他虚假的产权证明作担保的”

“没有实际履行能力,以先履行小额合同或部分履行合同的方法,诱骗对方当事人继续签订和履行合同的”

“收受对方当事人给付的货物、货款、预付卡或担保财产后逃匿的”

根据北京丰台警方披露的案情,刘某等人的案例中,“当多名投资人向刘某指定的数字账号汇款后”,刘某团队失联,警方将这种行为定性为合同诈骗犯罪。不过根据刘律师的经验,这种情况也有可能被一些司法机关认定为诈骗罪。

与诈骗罪相比,合同诈骗罪对犯罪嫌疑人更有利。虽然诈骗罪和合同诈骗罪都是三档量刑区间:数额较大的,处3年以下有期徒刑;数额巨大的,处3年以上10年以下有期徒刑;数额特别巨大的,处10年以上有期徒刑。但是这两个罪的立案和量刑标准是有很大区别的:

诈骗罪的立案标准是3千到1万元(上海、江浙沪等地区是6千元),而合同诈骗罪的立案标准是2万元;

数额巨大的标准,诈骗罪是3万到10万元(上海是10万元的标准);合同诈骗罪是20万元;

数额特别巨大的标准,诈骗罪是50万元;合同诈骗罪是100万元。

这样一比较就比较清晰了:在只能选择诈骗罪和合同诈骗罪的情况下,如果是想对犯罪嫌疑人有利的话,当然是要选择合同诈骗罪。

结语

近一年来,有大量的区块链、虚拟货币、NFT等项目的受害者联系刘律师,希望帮助他们挽回投资、被骗、被盗等损失。但很多时候刘律师也感到很无力,在我们国家,追赃挽损最能发力的是公检法等司法机关,但是囿于现实中的各种原因(有些能说、有些不能讲)很多受害人确实是很难再挽回损失。当事人委托了律师以后,律师也要再帮助客户寻求司法机关的介入或帮助,比如到法院起诉、到公安机关报案等。但是当下的区块链、虚拟货币等项目由于其新颖性,很多司法机关也难以第一时间判断执法口径该如何把控,一旦司法机关犹豫,币圈的各位肯定知道,虚拟货币的流转速度要比电诈资金快多了,且之后溯源的难度会更大。

区块链、虚拟货币等新兴科技、金融领域因被社会大众了解、熟悉的过程较慢,别有用心的人会以此作为行骗工具或借口,要么是通过迎合普通人的欲望,要么是利用普通人的无知。对于普通公众来说,防止被骗的根本方法就是不要企求自己能力范围之外的收益,对于不了解的领域一定要谨慎投资。


Introduction Recently, Beijing Fengtai police published an article on its WeChat official account. The first case of Fengtai Economic Investigation cracking blockchain game fraud case combined with many elements such as virtual currency blockchain game. In reality, these words are at least neutral and even represent the positive vocabulary of the current blockchain development. However, once the technical content of virtual currency chain tour is insufficient, it is easy to slide in the direction of illegal crimes. This is the case detected by Beijing Fengtai police. In addition, the first case here is Fengtai. The first case is the first case in Beijing or even the first unlikely article in China. It doesn't explain that it is a means to attract click traffic, but it doesn't affect the development of our law popularization case. It introduces the suspect Liu to form a team to promote a blockchain game on the Internet. It is their overseas team's development to lure investors to buy virtual currency after blindly guessing it on a coin network, and then use a coin to buy it in the game and publicize the expected income of the digital asset. The profit can reach more than twice the original value. After several investors remitted money to the digital account designated by Liu, the victim lost contact with Liu's team and reported the case to the police. At present, the loss of the victim is as much as 10,000 yuan. What is contract fraud? In the above case, Liu was identified by the public security organ as suspected of contract fraud. Some friends may be a little unfamiliar with this crime, but since this crime contains the word fraud, it is of course deeply related to fraud. Lawyer Liu has introduced our country in many articles. The standard of filing a case for fraud by law, the scale of conviction and sentencing, etc. For contract fraud, it can be understood as a fraud crime in which a contract or even a commercial act is involved. Specifically, it is a common pattern of defrauding the other party's property in the process of signing and performing a contract for the purpose of illegal possession. For example, it is also mentioned in China's criminal law that signing a contract in the name of a fictitious unit or fraudulently using others to forge or alter invalid bills or other false property rights certificates as guarantees, and there is no actual ability to perform first. In the case of Liu et al. disclosed by Fengtai police in Beijing, when several investors remitted money to the digital account designated by Liu, Liu's team lost contact. The police characterized this behavior as a crime of contract fraud, but according to Liu's experience, this situation may also be identified as fraud by some judicial organs. Compared with fraud, contract fraud is more beneficial to criminal suspects. Although both fraud and contract fraud are in the third range of sentencing, they are sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than years, and those with huge amounts of fixed-term imprisonment of not less than years are sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than years, but the filing and sentencing standards of these two crimes are very different. The filing standard of fraud is 1,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, while the filing standard of contract fraud is 10,000 yuan. The crime is 10,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan in Shanghai, and the standard contract fraud is 10,000 yuan. The standard fraud is 10,000 yuan and the contract fraud is 10,000 yuan. This comparison is clearer. If you can only choose fraud and contract fraud, if you want to benefit the criminal suspect, of course, you should choose the conclusion of contract fraud. In the past year, a large number of victims of blockchain virtual currency and other projects have contacted Liu, hoping to help them recover losses such as investment fraud and theft, but many times Liu wants to help them recover. Lawyers also feel powerless to recover the losses in our country. The judicial organs such as the Public Prosecution Law are the most powerful, but due to various reasons in reality, some can say that many victims are really difficult to recover their losses. After the parties entrust lawyers, lawyers will also help customers seek judicial intervention or help, such as suing in court and reporting to the public security organs. However, due to their novelty, many judicial organs are also difficult to judge law enforcement at the first time. How to control the caliber? Once the judiciary hesitates, everyone in the currency circle must know that the circulation speed of virtual currency is much faster than that of fraudulent funds, and it will be more difficult to trace the source later. Because the process of being familiar with the emerging technology and finance fields such as blockchain virtual currency is slow, people with ulterior motives will use it as a deception tool or excuse, either by catering to the desires of ordinary people or by taking advantage of their ignorance. For ordinary people, the fundamental way to prevent being cheated is not to seek benefits beyond their own capabilities, and they must be cautious in investing in areas that they don't know. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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