Vitalik香港峰会演讲：以太坊正在追求密码学的极限
原文作者：0x_Todd，Nothing Research 合伙人
今天 Vitalik 低调亮相万向 Hasheky 香港峰会，V 神发言是真的利索，没有繁文缛节，一上来就是 $ETH 干货放送，平铺直叙。结合这次演讲，谈谈我的理解。
所有的区块链，都根植于密码学之上，可以说密码学是真正的底层。而且近些年来，密码学的理论前沿一直在发展。而以太坊 $ETH 现在的目标，就是能把密码学的理论转换为工程实践。
做过开发的朋友都知道，学术界的东西，越是前沿的，直接拿到工业界使用越有挑战，密码学也不例外。
现在以太坊最关注的密码学前沿是：
· ZK-SNARKs
· 2PC、MPC、FHE
· 聚合签名
· 改善 P2P 网络
比如聚合签名，其实比特币已经在 Schnorr 升级做过类似升级。而以太坊倾向的 BLS 聚合签名升级和 Schnorr 各有千秋，也能做到让多个签名聚合成一个签名这件事变得非常丝滑。
一个密码学上的成果，可以实际转化为：
· 让区块链变得更加隐私（多人共签有利于保护隐私）
· 节约 gas 费（共签占用空间更小）
· 对设备的要求进一步降低（容易验证）
同时，V 神还提了「学术理论→技术实践」的两个要素。
首先是，效率。
比如一个很实际的问题就是，以太坊主网的区块是 12s 间隔，但是做 ZK-SNARKs Proof 最快也要 20 分钟。
如果能够有轻量级的 ZK Proof 解决方案，每一个区块都能完全 ZK 化，那么以太坊就会非常隐私、安全和抗审查，甚至能更快。
其次是，安全。
只要是人类，就会犯错误。
谁也不能保证自己的代码里面没有 bug。
现在，Debug 靠肉眼，比如「安全委员会」
但是将来，也许可以靠 multi-provers，在更远的将来，甚至可以靠 AI
在兼具的安全和效率的前提下，吸纳更多的密码学成果，以太坊的目标直指密码学的上限。
听完后心潮澎拜，推动 ETH 以及其他所有区块链发展的，正是真正前沿的技术。
现在，所有排名在 ETH 后面的公链，都在拼命和以太坊做对比，都在试图从以太坊这个竞品中找到答案。
而以太坊，却在密码学中找到答案。这是一流公链和二流公链的真正区别。
The original author's partner made a low-key appearance at the Wanxiang Hong Kong Summit today. The speech by God was really neat and there was no red tape. The dry goods were delivered at the beginning. Let's talk about my understanding in combination with this speech. It can be said that all blockchain is rooted in cryptography, and cryptography is the real bottom layer. In recent years, the theoretical frontier of cryptography has been developing, and the goal of Ethereum now is to transform the theory of cryptography into engineering practice. Friends who have developed it know that the more cutting-edge things in academia are. The more challenging it is to use it directly in industry, cryptography is no exception. At present, the forefront of cryptography that Ethereum is most concerned about is aggregation signature to improve the network, such as aggregation signature. In fact, Bitcoin has been upgraded in a similar way, and the aggregation signature upgrade that Ethereum tends to have its own advantages can also make multiple signatures aggregate into one signature, which is very smooth. A cryptographic achievement can actually be transformed into making the blockchain more private, which is conducive to protecting privacy and saving money. With less space, the requirements for equipment are further reduced, and it is easy to verify. At the same time, God also mentioned two elements of academic theory and technical practice. The first is efficiency. For example, a very practical problem is that the blocks of the main network of Ethereum are spaced, but it takes minutes to do the fastest. If there is a lightweight solution, every block can be completely realized, then Ethereum will be very private, safe and anti-censorship, and even faster. Secondly, it will be safe. As long as human beings make mistakes, no one can guarantee that there is nothing in their own code. At present, it depends on the naked eye, such as the security committee, but in the future, it may be possible to rely on the further future and even absorb more cryptographic achievements on the premise of both security and efficiency. The goal of Ethereum is directed at the upper limit of cryptography. After listening, it is the really cutting-edge technology that drives the development of all other blockchains. Now all the public chains ranked behind are desperately comparing with Ethereum, trying to find the answer from the competing product of Ethereum, but Ethereum finds the answer in cryptography. This is the real difference between first-class public chains and second-class public chains. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台
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