以太坊 Dencun 升级与潜在机会

The version of the Ethernet network upgrade test network was launched on, and the test network upgrade was successfully launched on, and the test network upgrade is getting closer and closer to us. After another test network upgrade on, it will be the main network upgrade. At present, the main online upgrade of Cancun has been officially confirmed, and almost every upgrade of Ethereum will be accompanied by a wave of theme quotes. The last upgrade of Ethereum or the Shanghai upgrade on, has been sought after by the market. If we follow the previous experience, this upgrade will also be advanced. The opportunity of layout, because the technical content behind the upgrade is obscure, it is difficult to grasp the key points of layout in one sentence like upgrading. Therefore, this paper will explain the technical details of the upgrade in easy-to-understand language to sort out the context between this upgrade and data availability and equal track for readers. This is the most important proposal in this upgrade, which marks that Ethereum has taken a practical and important step on the road of decentralized expansion. The second floor of Taifang needs to submit the transactions on the second floor to the main network of Ethereum for the nodes to verify the validity of the second floor network. The problem brought by this is that although the transaction data has been compressed as much as possible, the huge transaction volume on the second floor multiplied by the high storage cost base of Ethereum main network is still a big expense for the nodes and users on the second floor. The price alone will make the second floor lose a large number of users and flow to the side chain, thus establishing a cheaper new storage area. Binary large objects and a new transaction type named that can point to the storage space are used to replace the transaction data that needs to be stored before upgrading, which helps the second floor of Ethereum Ecology to realize cost saving. As we all know, the reason why the storage is cheap is that the data of similar size is cheaper than the ordinary Ethereum. The reason is that the Ethereum executive layer can't actually access the data itself, but can only access the references of the data, and its own data can only be accessed by the consensus layer of Ethereum, also known as beacon nodes. Loading, storing and storing consumes much less memory and computation than ordinary Ethereum, and there is another feature that it can only be stored for a limited period of time, usually about days, and it will not expand indefinitely like the size of the Ethereum account book. The validity period of storage is temporary, contrary to the permanent account book of blockchain. Its available time is an era, that is, most consensus clients will not be able to retrieve the specific data after the expiration of about days, but the evidence that existed before it will remain on the main network and be permanent. Why do you choose Days for storage on the main network of Ethereum? This is a compromise between measuring storage cost and effectiveness. First of all, we should consider the most intuitive beneficiaries of this upgrade, such as and because the transaction data stored in it is the information needed when launching the challenge according to the time window of the fault certificate of Days. Therefore, the validity period must ensure that the fault certificate can be accessed. For simplicity, the second power era selected by Ethereum community is derived from an era of about minutes. Understanding the relationship between the two is very important for understanding the role in data availability. The former is the whole proposal, which is a new type of transaction, while the latter can be understood as a location for temporary storage transactions. The relationship between the two can be understood as that most of the data transactions in the former are stored in the latter, while the rest of the data, that is, the data commitment, will be stored in the main network, that is to say, the commitment can be read. It can be imagined as building all the transactions in the network into a tree and then. Only the root can be accessed by the contract, which can be skillfully realized. Although the specific content cannot be known, the contract can realize the data availability by knowing and then verifying the authenticity of the transaction data, and uploading the data to the main network of Ethereum, but this is not for the smart contract to directly read or verify these uploaded data. The purpose of uploading the transaction data is only to let all participants see these data before upgrading. The transaction data will be released to Ethereum as described in the article, so anyone can use these transaction information to reproduce the state and verify the correctness of the second-floor network. It is not difficult to see that the transaction data needs to be cheap, open and transparent, and it is not a good place for the second floor to store the transaction data specially, but it is tailor-made. After reading this, there may be a question in everyone's mind. This kind of transaction data does not seem to be important. In fact, it will only be used in a few cases. There is a trust-based assumption. There is bound to be a problem of dishonesty. At this time, the uploaded transaction records will come in handy. Users can use this data to launch a transaction challenge. The zero knowledge proves that the status update is correct. Uploading data is only for users to calculate the complete status themselves. When the second-floor node can't operate correctly, it needs a complete status tree. The last section will talk about this, which means that the scenarios in which the transaction data is actually used by the contract are very limited, even in the transaction challenge, it only needs to be mentioned on the spot. Hand in the evidence to prove the existence of transaction data without storing the details of that transaction in the main network in advance, so if we put the transaction data in the element, although the contract can't be accessed, the main network contract can store this in the future. If the challenge mechanism needs a certain transaction, we only need to provide the data of the transaction, so as long as it can correspond, we can convince the contract and provide the transaction data to the challenge mechanism, which not only makes use of the openness and transparency of the transaction data, but also avoids putting all the data. The huge cost of entering the contract in advance is to achieve the verifiability of transaction data by only recording, and at the same time, it greatly optimizes the cost. This is an ingenious and efficient solution for uploading transaction data. It should be noted that in actual operation, it is not generated by using a similar tree method, but by using an ingenious polynomial commitment algorithm. Compared with the tree proof generation process, it is relatively complicated, but its verification volume is smaller and the verification steps are simpler, but the disadvantage is that it needs to be trusted. If necessary, the methods that have been used and have no ability to prevent quantum computing attacks can be replaced by other verification methods. Compared with the hot projects, the tree variant is adopted, which depends on the integrity of nodes to a certain extent, but helps to lower the threshold of computing resources between nodes. The opportunity to maintain the decentralized characteristics of the network is to reduce costs and increase efficiency on the second floor, but it also leads to security risks, which also brings new opportunities to understand the reasons. We need to talk back to the escape pod mechanism or the forced withdrawal mechanism mentioned above. This mechanism can ensure that users' funds can safely return to the main network to activate this mechanism when the nodes are disabled. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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