隐私币——加密行业主流化过程中的祭品

币圈资讯 阅读:33 2024-04-22 05:03:01 评论:0
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作者:比特币买卖交易网记者 Jessy

2024年开年,隐私赛道就迎来了交易所的重锤。先是OKX下架了包括XMR、 DASH 、ZEC 、ZEN等代币,随后是币安在2月20日下架了XMR。

交易所官方给出的理由中,币安说由于“要求门罗币的存款来自一个公开透明的地址”,OKX 则是“触及下线规则以及可能存在高风险类项目。”

而这些隐私代币下线的真实原因是交易所出于 “规避监管”的需要。

这不是交易所第一次对隐私代币下架处理。币安曾在部分地区下架过隐私代币,交易所们在韩国集体下架过隐私代币等等。

交易所下架隐私代币,无疑会让隐私代币的流动性降低,可获得性降低。隐私代币被下架的这一境遇,更根本地反映是,加密行业是在祭出隐私币作为向监管部门的投诚。

这一现象背后需要引起普通用户所反思的则是,隐私需求是真需求么?除了监管因素外隐私代币是否已经被市场抛弃?及隐私代币背后的隐私赛道的发展情况如何?

隐私需求是真需求

作为加密行业接受度最高的代币比特币,其实并不完全匿名。比特币是一个公开的中心化账本,用户地址及余额等在链上完全透明。也就是说当得知了一个用户对应的比特币地址,那么在链上进行的所有交易都是可追踪的。在行业内,通过跟踪、监测比特币链上交易数据来给用户画像以及监测资金的往来情况便是常规操作。

而Crypto创世期倡导的精神便有让转账具备隐私性。

所以,针对这一加密精神,隐私代币产生。如诞生于2014年的门罗币,就是十分典型的满足隐私需求的代币。在一些极客和无政府主义者看来:面临政治制裁时,资产的隐私十分重要,而门罗币通过环签名技术、隐地址、环机密交易等方式来实现隐私的保护,从而实现了完全隐私的交易。

不仅仅是隐私币,类似的混币器Tornado Cash,被一些巨鲸所青睐,一些老练的巨鲸就会定期用它来隐藏自己的资产状况。

根据Rootdata数据显示,目前有120多个隐私技术相关的项目,涉及Layer1、layer2、隐私币、邮箱、Defi、混币器、DID、VPN、社交、隐私地址钱包等等、

比如比较知名的如Umbra这样的隐私地址工具, Secret、Aleo、Mina 这样的隐私公链,Manta、Starknet这样的Layer2等等。

而且类似LTC这样的主流代币对于隐私技术也有所青睐,隐私技术这些年一直蓬勃发展,主流的VC对于隐私赛道也都足够看好。在VC看来,隐私是厚积薄发的赛道,近年受到了A16z、Binance Labs、Samsung Ventures、红杉资本等VC 的热钱追捧,赛道估值高达数十亿美元。

隐私赛道所面临的监管困境

虽然在隐私赛道有着真实的应用,并且一直稳步发展,资本看好。但树大招风,监管从未离场。

隐私币首当其冲。因为隐私代币的特性,常常会在暗网犯罪、洗钱、敲诈勒索等犯罪活动中见其身影。也正是因为这些黑灰产的应用,隐私代币常常被被各国政府指认存在帮助违法犯罪的洗钱行为。而隐私代币被中心化交易所下架,其实就是交易所遵循监管,又或者说是向监管投诚的一种举动

据2020年的报告显示,澳大利亚监管机构和银行鼓励加密货币交易所将门罗币下架,否则将面临“断开银行服务”的风险。而迪拜也在数字资产监管框架下禁止使用门罗币。在日本和韩国也禁止门罗币进入交易所,为的是遏制洗钱和减少有组织犯罪。

日本在2018年6月就出台了加密货币交易所协会自律方案规定禁止交易匿名货币。随后在2018年11月,日本金融厅在出台了针对加密货币交易所设立的新标准,其中对于具备高匿名性以及容易被用来洗钱的加密货币提出了明确禁止。韩国则比日本稍晚两年,在2021年11月,发布针对《特定金融信息法》立法修正案的实施条例立法预告。根据实施条例,虚拟资产服务提供商将禁止交易匿名币,禁止处理具有洗钱风险的虚拟资产,这也意味着匿名币资产全部退出韩国。

迫于各国的监管政策,早在这次的全面下架之前的2023年的5月31日,币安就曾宣布停止向向法国、意大利、波兰和西班牙这四个欧盟成员国的用户提供门罗币、Zcash、Dash等12种隐私币。

不仅仅是隐私币,隐私赛道的其它协议以及应用也未能逃脱。2022年,隐私应用混币协议Tornado Cash就被美国所制裁。被制裁的结果主要是以下几点:Tornado Cash被监管,创始人Github账户、项目代码库、网站域名、USDC合约、RPC服务(原本由Alchemy和Infura提供)全面封禁。

可见的是隐私赛道所面临的最大问题便是监管,而监管最直接的问题是让这些隐私产品的可触性变低了。不过,对于隐私产品的刚需用户来说,他们仍然会通过其它渠道,来获取该产品。但问题是,隐私币的刚需用似乎并没有那么多。

隐私代币不是满足隐私需求的唯一选择

对于隐私币来说,或许最大的威胁不是监管,而是赛道上的其它产品。

首先是主流代币入局隐私赛道,赋予其代币隐私功能。比如在2022年,莱特币MimbleWimble实现,用户可以选择发送机密的莱特币交易,其中发送的金额只有发送者和接收者知道,并且允许 MWEB 地址隐藏账户余额。但是也正是这一功能的升级,也导致了莱特币在韩国退市,原因是莱特币的该功能不符合韩国反洗钱法规。

在2022年底Vitalik发表文章中,也提出了以太坊的隐私解决方案。并且提出了以太坊上的EIP-5564 协议,也就是所谓的隐私地址提案。隐身地址是一种一次性的钱包地址,可以在不暴露用户任何钱包地址和用户身份的情况下,给予用户资产的所有权归属。隐身地址也可使交易的接收者能够保持匿名,进而防止发送者和接收者的身份之间产生任何公开在区块链上的连接。

以太坊生态就一直在用Zk技术推进隐私保护,Vitalik就曾强调,未来十年ZK-SNARK 将与区块链一样重要,而依托ZK技术搭建期待的以太坊的Layer2在近两年也相继面世。

可以想象,主流代币嵌入隐私功能,它们比隐私代币有更广泛的受众。

隐私层面的技术一直是进步的,目前行业主流的隐私技术主要有四种,分别是零知识证明(ZK)、可信执行环境(TEE)、安全多方计算(MPC)、同态加密技术(HE)。一般的隐私公链都是基于以上的四种技术所实现。这四种技术中ZK、MPC 和 HE 是基于密码学的隐私技术,TEE 是基于硬件设计。

零知识证明,它提供了一种方法,在不透露一组信息或数据的具体细节内容的情况下,以加密的方式证明对这组特定信息或数据的了解。这项技术是通过以太坊的ZK-rollup被行业内普遍认知到。零知识证明目前有多种实现方式,如ZK-SNARKS、ZK-STARKS、PLONK以及Bulletproofs。每种方式在证明大小、证明者时间以及验证时间上都有自己的优缺点。比如隐私协议Tornado Cash就运用到了零知识证明。

可信执行环境能够提供有一个与移动端的运行系统隔离的环境保护用户的敏感信息,这也是现如今技术最成熟的,主要应用有Secret Network和Oasis Network。

安全多方计算则是多方参与者在不泄露各自隐私数据情况下,利用隐私数据参与保密计算,共同完成某项计算任务。该技术能够满足人们利用隐私数据进行保密计算的续期,有效解决数据的“保密性”和“共享性”之间的矛盾。目前在MPC领域,主要用到的技术是秘密共享、不经意传输、混淆电路、同态加密、零知识证明等关键技术,目前在行业内,MPC技术运用最广泛的地方还是在钱包、资产托管上。

同态加密技术,关注的是数据处理安全,提供了一种对加密数据进行处理的功能。也就是说,其它人可以对加密数据进行处理,但是处理过程不会泄露任何原始内容。在一些公链上,会运用该技术,由同态加密驱动的机密区块链Fhenix在去年获得了700万美元的种子轮融资。这是继ZK热之后,机构比较追捧的公链解决方法之一。

可以看见,隐私技术其实已经嵌入了加密生态的方方面面。而对于用户来说,为了满足其隐私需求,隐私代币并不是唯一的选择。

隐私币的时代过去了,但隐私赛道没有

隐私币集中发展与2014年至2017年,项目和技术发展都已经成熟,基本已经没啥技术壁垒,隐私币之间的竞争激烈。

但对于普通用户来说,其使用起来的技术门槛还是较高的,在加密用户中的普及率较低。而且隐私需求并不被市场所买账,再加上监管的围剿,隐私代币确实没有那么受欢迎了,它慢慢在成为一小撮极客的玩物。

门罗币的核心技术开发者 Dr. Duncan S.Wong 就曾表示,绝对的隐私通证将不再受到欢迎,对公众和个人做到完全隐私、对监管及审计机构做到可问责隐私的加密通证将逐渐走向主流。

就算是在暗网市场,最主流的交易货币还是比特币。而在真实的应用上,人们其实还是更愿意用类似Tornado Cash这样的混币器去藏匿自己的交易行为和钱包地址,因为这可以让用户使用其常用的主流货币去交易,而不是难用且流动性差的隐私币。

而且持有隐私币的用户,大多数并不是为了用代币满足其隐私需求,而是看好其未来会有较高的上涨空间。而混币器就不同了,使用者全为为了满足隐私需求的用户。

这样看来,对于用户来说,隐私币并不是一种为了满足隐私需求经济实用的选择,毕竟,是所有持币用户分摊了隐私币满足隐私需求的成本。

而隐私币更在成为行业让加密货币走向主流的一个牺牲品。面对加密货币的发展,监管不能毫无作为,加密行业祭出隐私币。从中心化交易所纷纷下架隐私币便能看出。

足够极客的事物大众接纳度都不会高,不仅仅在加密货币领域,在现实世界的其它方面也如此。

隐私币或许会成为加密行业迈向主流过程中的祭品,但是加密技术不会止步发展,它肯定会运用到加密项目之中。隐私赛道仍旧是行业的重要赛道之一。


The author Bitcoin Trading Network reporter ushered in the heavy hammer of the exchange at the beginning of the year, including the waiting tokens, and then the coins were removed from the exchange on January, for the reason given by the official of the exchange. Zhong Yinan said that because the deposit of Monroe coins was required to come from an open and transparent address, it touched the offline rules and there might be high-risk items, and the real reason for these privacy tokens to go offline was that the exchange had to evade supervision. This was not the first time that the exchange had removed the privacy tokens to deal with coins. Ann has removed privacy tokens in some areas. Exchanges have collectively removed privacy tokens in South Korea, and so on. Removing privacy tokens from exchanges will undoubtedly reduce the liquidity and availability of privacy tokens. The situation that privacy tokens have been removed from the shelves is more fundamentally reflected in the fact that the encryption industry is offering privacy coins as a surrender to the regulatory authorities. What needs to be reflected by ordinary users is whether privacy needs are real, except for regulatory factors. What is the development of the privacy track behind the privacy token? Is the privacy demand a real demand? As the most accepted token in the encryption industry, Bitcoin is actually not completely anonymous. Bitcoin is an open centralized account book, and the user's address and balance are completely transparent on the chain, that is to say, when a user's corresponding bitcoin address is known, all transactions on the chain are traceable. In the industry, users are pictured and the direction of funds is monitored by tracking and monitoring the transaction data on the bitcoin chain. In the future, the routine operation was the case, and the spirit advocated in the creation period was to make the transfer private. Therefore, in view of this encryption spirit, the Monroe coin, which was born in, is a very typical token to meet the privacy needs. In the eyes of some geeks and anarchists, the privacy of assets is very important, and Monroe coin realizes the privacy protection by means of ring signature technology, hidden address, secret transaction, etc., thus realizing the complete privacy transaction, which is not only similar to the privacy coin. Coin mixers are favored by some whales, and some sophisticated whales will use them regularly to hide their assets. According to the data, there are currently a number of privacy technology-related projects involving privacy coins, mailboxes, coin mixers, social privacy addresses, wallets, etc., such as well-known privacy address tools, privacy public chains, etc., and mainstream tokens like this also favor privacy technology. Privacy technology has been booming in recent years, and mainstream ones are enough for privacy tracks. Optimistic about the track where privacy is accumulated, it has been sought after by Sequoia Capital and other hot money in recent years. The track valuation is as high as billions of dollars. Although the privacy track has real applications and has been developing steadily, the capital is optimistic, but the supervision has never left. Privacy coins are the first to bear the brunt because of the characteristics of privacy tokens, which are often seen in criminal activities such as dark network crimes, money laundering and extortion. It is precisely because these black and gray application privacy tokens are often used. Governments have pointed out that there is money laundering that helps illegal crimes, and the removal of privacy tokens from the centralized exchange is actually a move by the exchange to follow the supervision, or to surrender to the supervision. According to a report in 2000, Australian regulators and banks encouraged cryptocurrency exchanges to remove Monroe coins from the shelves, otherwise they would face the risk of disconnecting banking services. Dubai also banned the use of Monroe coins under the framework of digital asset supervision, and in Japan and South Korea, Monroe coins were also banned from the exchanges in order to curb money laundering. And to reduce organized crime, Japan introduced the self-discipline scheme of cryptocurrency exchange association in June, which stipulated that it was forbidden to trade anonymous currency. Subsequently, in June, Japan's Finance Department introduced a new standard for cryptocurrency exchanges, in which cryptocurrency with high anonymity and easy to be used for money laundering was explicitly prohibited. South Korea issued the legislative notice for the legislative amendment of specific financial information law in June, two years later than Japan, according to the virtual asset service of the implementation regulations. Suppliers will ban the trading of anonymous coins and the disposal of virtual assets with the risk of money laundering, which also means that all anonymous coin assets will be withdrawn from South Korea. Due to the regulatory policies of various countries, as early as the month of last year, before this comprehensive removal, Yenan announced that it would stop providing Monroe coins and other privacy coins to users in four EU member States, France, Italy, Poland and Spain. Not only are other agreements and applications of the privacy track privacy coins not escaped, but the mixed currency agreement was sanctioned by the United States. The result of the ruling is mainly the following: the regulated founder account, project code base, website domain name contract service was originally completely banned by and provided by. It can be seen that the biggest problem faced by the privacy track is supervision, and the most direct problem of supervision is to make these privacy products less accessible. However, for users who just need privacy products, they will still obtain the products through other channels, but the problem is that privacy coins are just needed, and it seems that there are not so many privacy tokens that are not the only ones to meet privacy needs. Perhaps the biggest threat to privacy coins is not supervision, but other products on the track. First, mainstream tokens enter the track and the privacy track gives them the token privacy function. For example, in Litecoin, users can choose to send confidential Litecoin transactions, in which the amount sent is only known by the sender and the receiver, and the address is allowed to hide the account balance. However, it is also the upgrade of this function that led to the delisting of Litecoin in South Korea because the function of Litecoin does not comply with the Korean anti-money laundering law. In the article published at the end of the year, Gui also put forward the privacy solution of Ethereum and the protocol on Ethereum, that is, the so-called privacy address proposal. Stealth address is a disposable wallet address, which can give users the ownership of assets without exposing any wallet address and user identity. Stealth address can also keep the recipient of the transaction anonymous, thus preventing any public connection between the sender and the receiver's identity in the blockchain. I have been using technology to promote privacy protection, and I have emphasized that the next decade will be as important as the blockchain, and relying on technology to build the expected Ethereum has also appeared in the last two years. It is conceivable that mainstream tokens have a wider audience privacy function than privacy tokens, and the technology of privacy has been improving. At present, there are four main privacy technologies in the industry: zero-knowledge proof, trusted execution environment security, multi-party computing homomorphic encryption technology, and the general privacy public chain is based on the above four technologies, and the privacy technology based on cryptography is based on hardware design and zero-knowledge proof. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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