权力与背叛：马斯克与奥特曼如何从兄弟情走向商业对决
划重点
① OpenAI首席执行官山姆·奥特曼曾视埃隆·马斯克为自己的“导师”。多年来，奥特曼曾一直依靠马斯克的名声和财富推动OpenAI发展。
② 在OpenAI的团队招聘中，马斯克也曾发挥了重要作用，帮助招募了在谷歌工作的人工智能科学家伊利亚·苏茨凯弗。为了吸引和留住这些顶尖人才，OpenAI向新员工提供特斯拉和SpaceX的股权，以及让他们有机会从Y Combinator的投资中受益。
③ 2018年2月，OpenAI高管拒绝了马斯克接管公司的提议，这导致他决定辞去联席董事长的职务。
④ 尽管马斯克已经不再直接为OpenAI提供资金支持，但他与奥特曼之间的关系并未完全断绝。两人继续就人工智能的话题进行讨论，也多次在公开场合表达对彼此的支持。
⑤ ChatGPT问世导致了两人的纷争升级，马斯克担心其技术会加速开发强大人工智能的危险竞赛，对人类社会产生潜在的风险，并宣布切断了OpenAI对X平台的数据访问。
腾讯科技讯 3月6日消息，据国外媒体报道，作为人工智能领域的佼佼者，OpenAI首席执行官山姆·奥特曼曾视埃隆·马斯克为自己的“导师”。然而，随着两人在商业理念上的分歧不仅导致他们在创业路上分道扬镳，因此陷入了一场激烈的纷争。
马斯克指责奥特曼为了追求利润而背离了OpenAI的初衷，而后者则坚决否认。这场纷争不仅暴露了马斯克与奥特曼之间的问题，也凸显了人工智能领域的力量平衡正被打破。本期《硅谷封面》梳理和再现奥特曼与马斯克之间，一场“兄弟情反目”的恩怨故事。
曾经的“英雄” 变对手
十多年前，当奥特曼首次踏入位于南加州的SpaceX总部时，立即被马斯克的雄心壮志所迷。当时，这位年轻的创业者当时正以令人失望的价格卖掉了自己的第一家公司，处在人生的十字路口。而比奥特曼大14岁的马斯克，已经计划向火星发射飞船。奥特曼后来写道：“我离开的时候就在想：‘哈，这就是我要坚定信念的标准。’”
如今，奥特曼已成为人工智能领域的明星，担任OpenAI的首席执行官。然而，最近他却亲身体验了这位“前导师”的信念到底坚定到何种程度，马斯克不惜亲自向他宣战。在上周的诉讼中，马斯克指责奥特曼为了追求利润而背离了OpenAI的初心和使命，而OpenAI则坚决否认了这一指控。这场纷争不仅暴露了人工智能领域力量平衡发生了变化，更让人们看到了两位科技大咖的不同追求和理念。
马斯克和奥特曼于2015年共同创立了非营利研究实验室OpenAI，旨在以造福全人类的方式推动人工智能的发展。马斯克提供了数千万美元的早期资金。然而，随着OpenAI的产品逐渐实现商业化，微软等巨头的资金注入，以及马斯克自己的人工智能初创公司xAI的成立，两人之间的分歧逐渐显现。
在马斯克提起诉讼当天，奥特曼给员工的一份备忘录中表达了自己的失望和无奈。他称马斯克为自己的 “英雄” ，并写道：“我喜欢把马斯克想象成一个建设者，一个通过尝试构建更好的技术来竞争的人。然而，现在的情况让我感到非常难过，我仍然希望他能站在我们这边。”对于这场纷争，OpenAI表示，该公司将采取行动驳斥马斯克的所有指控。
其实多年来，奥特曼一直依靠马斯克的名声和财富推动OpenAI发展。他们联手对抗谷歌在人工智能领域的领先地位，共同致力于推动该行业的进步。然而，随着OpenAI逐渐崭露头角，有关两人合作关系恶化的说法开始浮出水面。
据与奥特曼关系密切的人士透露，马斯克嫉妒奥特曼抢了自己在人工智能领域的风头，而且他更加关注如何击败OpenAI，而非人工智能本身的安全问题。然而，与马斯克亲近的人则坚称，他对人工智能安全的担忧是真实而深刻的，他认为自己的另一家人工智能初创公司xAI对于开发出更好的OpenAI替代品至关重要。
这些观点均来源于与数十名了解奥特曼、马斯克和OpenAI内部情况的人士的对话，以及法庭文件和内部文件的披露。
AI界“曼哈顿计划”的启动
回顾奥特曼与马斯克的结识过程，要归功于Y Combinator的合伙人杰夫·拉尔斯顿。Y Combinator作为一家颇具影响力的创业孵化器，曾为奥特曼的第一家公司——基于位置的社交网络应用Loopt提供资金支持。
当时，奥特曼刚刚以早期投资者的身份出售了Loopt的股份，正处于人生的十字路口。他在印度的一个修行所中度过了一段时间，思考着是否要创办一家新公司，或是全身心投入到投资领域。而马斯克则已经开发出了一种能够从空间站运送货物并返回地球的商业航天器，他坚信这是实现人类成为行星际物种的关键一步。
马斯克对人工智能技术的快速发展越来越感到担忧。据他的诉讼所述，这种担忧源于2012年与人工智能公司DeepMind的联合创始人德米斯·哈萨比斯的一次关键会面。在那次会议上，哈萨比斯“强调了人工智能的进步给社会带来的潜在危险性”。值得一提的是，尽管诉讼中并未明确提及，但马斯克在那次会面后对DeepMind进行了投资，以便更紧密地关注这项技术的走向。
后来，当马斯克得知谷歌计划收购DeepMind时，他感到非常震惊。据起诉书披露，他与在线支付公司PayPal的联合创始人卢克·诺塞克联手提出了一个竞购方案，但最终未能成功。谷歌成功收购了DeepMind，这成为了马斯克心中挥之不去的遗憾。
与马斯克不同，奥特曼从小就对人工智能抱有浓厚的兴趣。18岁时，他就将人工智能列为自己想要探索的问题清单的首位。随着他在硅谷的知名度逐渐上升，奥特曼努力将科技行业的目光聚焦在人工智能的巨大潜力上。2014年，他在个人博客上发表文章称，人工智能可能是“有史以来最大的技术进步”。几天后，他被任命为Y Combinator的负责人，该公司曾成功投资过Dropbox和Airbnb，后来也投资了OpenAI。
与马斯克相似，奥特曼也对人工智能技术的潜在危险感到担忧。2015年2月，他在一篇文章中写道，人工智能“可能是对人类继续生存的最大威胁”。
奥特曼与马斯克在这些问题上一直保持着紧密的沟通。同年3月，奥特曼主动联系了马斯克，探讨是否应该起草一封关于人工智能的致美国政府的公开信。到了5月，他通过电子邮件向马斯克提出了一个更具体的建议，希望Y Combinator能够启动一个人工智能领域的“曼哈顿计划”。马斯克对此表示赞同，回复道：“可能值得谈一谈。”
随后，两人开始共同致力于一个新的人工智能实验室的创建，马斯克将其命名为OpenAI。2015年6月，奥特曼在一封电子邮件中提出了组建一个由他们两人领衔的五人董事会的构想，以负责管理和指导这家非营利组织的运营。他建议等到实验室正式成立后，再发出呼吁加强人工智能监管的公开信。马斯克对此表示赞同，回复道：“我都同意。”
为了吸引顶尖人才，奥特曼邀请了计算机科学家格雷格·布罗克曼加入OpenAI，后者曾在支付处理公司Stripe担任首席技术官。起诉书中提到，马斯克也发挥了重要作用，帮助招募了在谷歌工作的杰出人工智能科学家伊利亚·苏茨凯弗。为了吸引和留住这些顶尖人才，OpenAI计划向新员工提供特斯拉和SpaceX的股权，并让他们有机会从Y Combinator的投资中受益。
马斯克曾是OpenAI最大“金主”
马斯克和奥特曼共同担任了OpenAI的首任联席董事长。然而，据一些离职员工透露，在幕后，马斯克似乎对公司拥有更大的影响力和控制权。他经常现身办公室，提出各种前瞻性的想法，并就员工对通用人工智能何时能够实现的看法进行民意调查。此外，OpenAI与马斯克旗下大脑植入初创公司Neuralink共用办公空间，进一步彰显了他在公司中的核心地位。
除了在公司运营方面的积极参与，马斯克也是OpenAI的重要财务支柱。据OpenAI周二发布博客文章中的一封马斯克电子邮件所述，他曾敦促这家非营利组织宣布已获得了10亿美元的资金承诺，以“避免与谷歌或Facebook的支出相比显得毫无希望”，并承诺弥补任何资金缺口。
起诉书指出，马斯克最终为OpenAI捐赠了4400万美元。他在2016年和2017年分别捐赠了1500万美元和2000万美元，成为这两年中最大的资助者。此外，起诉书还提到，他还承担了OpenAI多年的租金费用。
在推动OpenAI的研究方面，马斯克也发挥了积极作用。他鼓励研究人员提出创新项目，以使OpenAI在人工智能领域相对于DeepMind等其他公司保持优势。例如，一个研究团队计划在电子游戏《Dota 2》中击败世界上最优秀的玩家，这一项目得到了马斯克的积极支持和推动。
到了2017年，尽管OpenAI在人工智能领域投入了大量资源，但依然未能取得突破性的研究成果。这一状况让马斯克变得日益焦虑，他开始加大对员工的压力，甚至有时威胁要退出这个项目。
谷歌论文引爆马奥分歧
与此同时，谷歌发布了一篇关于名为“Transformer”的新型人工智能模型的论文，这一模型为大语言模型的发展奠定了基础，为类人聊天机器人等工具提供了强大的动力。这篇论文揭示了实现这一目标的关键在于处理大量数据，而这需要巨大的算力支持。
面对这一挑战，布罗克曼和其他OpenAI成员建议将该组织转变为营利性机构，以便从微软等投资者那里筹集更多资金。然而，马斯克坚决反对这一想法。他在写给布罗克曼、苏茨凯弗和奥特曼的邮件中称：“要么我自己去做点什么，要么继续把OpenAI作为非营利组织。除非你们做出坚定的承诺，否则我不会再资助OpenAI。我不是傻瓜，不希望为一家初创公司提供免费资金。讨论结束了。”
奥特曼回应说，他仍然“对这家非盈利机构充满热情”。然而，马斯克的态度似乎已经变得不可逆转。OpenAI在周二的博客文章中透露，马斯克虽然最终认识到成立营利性实体的必要性，但他希望获得多数股权、初步的董事会控制权，并担任首席执行官。在讨论过程中，他拒绝继续提供资金。最终，OpenAI依靠另一位投资者、职业社交网站领英联合创始人里德·霍夫曼来支付账单。
马斯克对于OpenAI的控制欲望愈发强烈，他甚至提出了一个大胆的建议：将OpenAI并入他旗下的电动汽车公司特斯拉。他在一封电子邮件中写到：“特斯拉是唯一有希望与谷歌比肩的公司。即便如此，与谷歌抗衡的可能性也很小，但至少不是零。
马斯克开始试图劝说OpenAI的研究人员跳槽加入特斯拉，这惹恼了他的同事。到2018年2月，OpenAI高管拒绝了他接管公司的提议，这导致马斯克决定辞去联席董事长的职务。最终，奥特曼接任了首席执行官的位置，继续引领OpenAI的发展。
在马斯克离职的会议上，奥特曼感谢了他对OpenAI的贡献。而马斯克则告诉员工们，他将在特斯拉继续进行自己的人工智能研究。当一位年轻的研究人员对马斯克的决定提出了质疑，认为这将加剧人工智能领域的竞争。对此，马斯克回应称这位研究人员为“蠢货”，并愤怒地离开了会场。
2018年底，马斯克再次给奥特曼、布罗克曼和苏茨凯弗发了一封电子邮件。在这封邮件中，他预测OpenAI最终会失败。他写道：“在执行和资源方面没有发生重大变化的情况下，我认为OpenAI战胜DeepMind/Google的概率为0%。”
尽管马斯克已经不再直接为OpenAI提供资金支持，但他与奥特曼之间的关系并未完全断绝。两人继续就人工智能的话题进行讨论，而马斯克也依然为OpenAI支付着租金。在奥特曼于2019年3月成立OpenAI的营利性子公司后，他也公开表达了对马斯克的支持。
当投资者开始对特斯拉的股票进行做空操作时，奥特曼坚定地站出来为马斯克辩护。他在2018年5月份的一条推特上写道：“看到这么多人反对特斯拉，真是太恶心了！从历史发展来看，看空马斯克是一个错误。”
ChatGPT问世导致马奥纷争升级
然而，马斯克与奥特曼的关系在2022年11月遭受了重创。当时，OpenAI发布了ChatGPT。尽管这一创新引起了广泛的关注和赞誉，但马斯克却公开表达了对聊天机器人的担忧。他担心这一技术会加速开发强大人工智能的危险竞赛，从而对人类社会产生潜在的风险。
此外，马斯克还开始在推特上质疑OpenAI的运营方式和资金来源。他与人共同创立的非营利组织是如何成为一个从微软那里筹集了数十亿美元的营利性实体的？这些质疑引发了广泛的讨论和争议，也成了马斯克提起诉讼的依据。
在OpenAI发布ChatGPT后不久，马斯克采取了一系列行动。他宣布切断了OpenAI对他收购的社交媒体平台X数据的访问。此前，OpenAI一直在考虑使用这些数据来训练其模型。
为了解决这个问题，奥特曼邀请马斯克前往OpenAI总部进行了一次长时间的闭门会议。在这次会议中，两人就X的决定和ChatGPT进行了深入的讨论。据推测，马斯克可能在这次会议中向奥特曼透露了他计划创办一家通用人工智能公司的想法。这一消息让奥特曼感到焦虑。
在ChatGPT发布几个月后，马斯克开始试图为xAI挖走OpenAI的员工。此外，他还威胁要起诉奥特曼和OpenAI，这让双方的矛盾进一步升级。
去年11月，马斯克推出了自己的聊天机器人Grok，并将其描述为ChatGPT的一个不那么“清醒”的竞争对手。为了让这个新的聊天机器人更具竞争力，马斯克允许它访问X的在线数据库，并在其旧金山办公室为它提供了办公空间。
最近几周，xAI已经开始准备新一轮融资，这无疑将为其与OpenAI的竞争提供更多的资金支持。随着马斯克提起诉讼和xAI的融资计划逐步推进，人工智能领域的竞争将更加激烈和复杂。
在马斯克提起诉讼后，奥特曼给他的员工写了一份备忘录：“将造福人类与创业视为在某种程度上相互矛盾的观点，确实让人感到困惑不解。我还是怀念以前的马斯克。” （编译 / 金鹿 海伦 ）
Key CEO Sam Altman once regarded Elon Musk as his mentor. For many years, Altman has relied on Musk's reputation and wealth to promote development. Musk has also played an important role in recruiting artificial intelligence scientist Illiasu Tskiefer who works at Google. In order to attract and retain these top talents, he provided new employees with shares in Tesla and gave them the opportunity to benefit from the investment. In June, executives rejected Musk's proposal to take over the company. This led to his decision to resign as co-chairman. Although Musk no longer directly provided financial support, the relationship between him and Altman was not completely severed. They continued to discuss the topic of artificial intelligence and repeatedly expressed their support for each other in public, which led to the escalation of the dispute between the two. Musk was worried that his technology would accelerate the dangerous competition of developing powerful artificial intelligence and create potential risks to human society, and announced that they would cut off data access to the platform. According to foreign media reports, as a leader in the field of artificial intelligence, CEO Sam Altman once regarded Elon Musk as his mentor. However, with their differences in business ideas, they not only parted ways on the road to entrepreneurship, so they fell into a fierce dispute. Musk accused Altman of deviating from his original intention in pursuit of profits, while the latter firmly denied that this dispute not only exposed the problems between Musk and Altman, but also highlighted the strength in the field of artificial intelligence. The balance is being broken. The cover of this issue of Silicon Valley combs and reproduces a bitter story of brotherhood between Altman and Musk. When Altman first entered the headquarters in Southern California more than ten years ago, he was immediately fascinated by Musk's ambition. At that time, the young entrepreneur was selling his first company at a disappointing price, and Musk, who was older than Altman, had planned to launch a spaceship to Mars. Altman later wrote to me. When I left, I was thinking, this is the standard of my firm belief. Now Altman has become a star in the field of artificial intelligence as the CEO. Recently, however, he has personally experienced how firm the former mentor's belief is. Musk did not hesitate to declare war on him personally. In last week's lawsuit, Musk accused Altman of deviating from his original heart and mission in pursuit of profits, but firmly denied this accusation. This dispute not only exposed the change of power balance in the field of artificial intelligence. More people can see the different pursuits and ideas of the two technology giants. Musk and Altman jointly established a non-profit research laboratory in 2006 to promote the development of artificial intelligence in a way that benefits all mankind. Musk provided tens of millions of dollars in early funds. However, with the gradual commercialization of new products, the capital injection of giants such as Microsoft and the establishment of Musk's own artificial intelligence startup company, the differences between the two gradually appeared in the day when Musk filed a lawsuit. In the memo, he expressed his disappointment and helplessness. He called Musk his hero and wrote, I like to think of Musk as a builder, a person who competes by trying to build better technology. However, the current situation makes me feel very sad. I still hope that he can stand on our side and say that the company will take action to refute all the accusations of Musk. In fact, Altman has been relying on Musk's reputation and wealth to promote development for many years, and they have joined forces against Google. The leading position in the field of artificial intelligence is committed to promoting the progress of the industry. However, with the gradual emergence, the statement that the cooperative relationship between the two people has deteriorated has begun to surface. According to people close to Altman, Musk is jealous that Altman stole his limelight in the field of artificial intelligence and he is more concerned about how to defeat it than the safety of artificial intelligence itself. However, people close to Musk insist that his concerns about the safety of artificial intelligence are real and profound. He thinks that his own other. An artificial intelligence start-up company is very important to develop better substitutes. These views all come from conversations with dozens of people who know Altman Musk and the internal situation, as well as the disclosure of court documents and internal documents. Looking back on the Manhattan Project, the acquaintance process between Altman and Musk is attributed to Jeff Ralston, an influential business incubator, who once provided financial support for Altman's first company's location-based social networking application. At that time, the shares that Altman had just sold as an early investor were at the crossroads of his life. He spent some time in a retreat in India, thinking about whether to start a new company or devote himself to the investment field, while Musk had developed a commercial spacecraft that could transport goods from the space station and return to Earth. He firmly believed that this was a key step to realize human beings becoming an interplanetary species. Musk was increasingly worried about the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology. According to his lawsuit, this concern stems from a key meeting with Demis Hassabis, the co-founder of artificial intelligence company, in 2006. At that meeting, Hassabis emphasized the potential danger brought by the progress of artificial intelligence to society. It is worth mentioning that although it was not explicitly mentioned in the lawsuit, Musk invested in the meeting to pay closer attention to the direction of this technology. Later, when Musk learned that Google planned to acquire it, he was very shocked. According to the indictment, he was with. Luke Nosek, the co-founder of the online payment company, jointly proposed a bidding scheme, but in the end Google successfully acquired it, which became a lingering regret in Musk's heart. Unlike Musk, Altman had a strong interest in artificial intelligence since he was a child. At the age of 18, he listed artificial intelligence at the top of his list of problems he wanted to explore. As his popularity in Silicon Valley gradually increased, Altman tried to focus on the great potential of artificial intelligence in the technology industry. An article published on the blog said that artificial intelligence may be the biggest technological progress in history. A few days later, he was appointed as the person in charge of the company. The company had successfully invested and later invested in something similar to Musk. Altman was also worried about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence technology. In October, he wrote in an article that artificial intelligence may be the biggest threat to the continued survival of mankind. Altman and Musk have been in close communication on these issues. In the same month, Altman took the initiative to contact Musk to discuss whether an open letter on artificial intelligence should be drafted to the US government. By August, he sent an email to Musk. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台
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