从专门针对虚拟货币处置商的骗局 再聊聊虚拟货币司法处置

币圈资讯 阅读:33 2024-04-22 04:32:50 评论:0
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我之前写过一篇浅薄之文(忘了链接在哪了),主要是感慨人性中的恶,大致观点是:几千年来,无论中国还是外国,大抵每个社会都逃不了盗窃、诈骗、杀人、放火等犯罪的侵袭,这似乎是被刻到部分人类的基因中,一待激活就会爆发。无论是开明的君主或者残暴的统治者,抑或公民选出的代表,对以上犯罪的改造最终都是以失败告终。

虚拟货币处置从法律从业者眼里,其实算是一个比较小众或者说细分的领域,而且该领域受政策的影响的极大(比教培行业新规对新东方的影响都大);但是就是这么一个细分的领域,很多哪怕是法律从业者都没有听说过的领域,现在都被骗子盯上,还为虚拟货币处置商量身定做了一些骗局。

刘律也是从成都公安的提示中得知这一情况的:昨天成都公安的官方公众号发布了一篇《警方提示:警惕不法分子利用公安机关处置虚拟货币为由进行违法犯罪活动》,里面提到“有不法分子、中介机构声称有关系可以获得公安授权,处置涉案虚拟货币;甚至是假冒公安机关负责人签字、伪造虚假合同等方式,诱骗第三方处置公司或个人支付保证金、‘活动经费’”进行诈骗活动。

成都警方还专门提醒:“公安机关办理刑事案件查扣的虚拟货币,严格按照《刑事诉讼法》及相关办案程序规定,侦查终结后随案移送检察机关,最终由人民法院依法判决、处置。”

从这篇《警方提示》中刘律简单展开聊聊:

一、当下虚拟货币司法处置“市场”确实很乱

虚拟货币的司法处置算是刘律研究的领域之一,无论是从文章还是视频、直播等途径,我都做了大量输出。当下中国司法机关对于涉及虚拟货币的刑事案件中,除了应当返还受害人的虚拟货币可以按原币返还以外,其他情况均需要将虚拟货币变现为法币(常见的是人民币、美元)。

这个变现步骤由谁来做?传统刑事案件涉及财物的处置,肯定是由司法机关进行处置(主要是法院);但是虚拟货币的处置却变得十分独特,主要原因还是包括“两高一部”参与的十部委在2021年发布的“9.24通知”(《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》),里面明确规定了“法币和虚拟货币兑换业务、虚拟货币之间的兑换业务等等属于非法金融活动”,这也就导致了公检法机关不敢主动出面进行虚拟货币和法币之间的兑换活动,哪怕是为了办理案子。其实公检法这种正常的工作业务需求,在情理上应该属于“违法”阻却事由。但是不好意思,“9.24通知”至今没有作出任何的例外规定,允许任何机关或个人进行虚拟货币和法币的兑换业务。

但案子还是要办,虚拟货币毕竟还是有财产属性的,对于被盗、被骗的虚拟货币究竟是价值49.9万元,还是50万元,司法机关必须要证明。所以,就出现了司法机关不出面,而是委托市场上的第三方公司来进行虚拟货币的变现处置。这些公司收取一定的手续费后,将变现的法币汇入司法机关的财政专户,客观上确实推动了刑事案件的办理。

也是因为如此,不同的司法机关委托不同的第三方公司,国家层面或者部委层面并没有统一(比如建立有资质的第三方公司名册),虽然说从2023年开始,各地省级政府或省厅公安陆续出台关于侦查机关处置虚拟货币的规定,但总体上这些规定太过于笼统,很难在细节上尤其是如何委托处置公司上进行规定。

如此一来,如何选择第三方处置公司,方式就很多了。面对巨额的手续费(市场价为20%左右,需要处置的虚拟货币动辄市值几个亿),有部分人确实难以坐怀不乱,寻租交易也就出现了。

二、骗子的手法很原始,但有效

有需求就有供给,无论这需求有多么离谱或奇怪。能设计针对第三方处置商骗局的人,想必是对虚拟货币司法处置市场较为了解的人。考究起来,骗子的手法简直是老式透了,谎称有公安的“关系”“资源”,然后骗取处置商支付“活动经费”“保证金”。其实刑事辩护领域,这类骗局也不少,有些甚至还有律师的参与。

为什么这么老土的骗局,还能骗到第三方的处置商,毕竟他们是经常和公安机关“做生意”的人呢。可是现实就是这样,证据就是这份成都公安的文章。

这也给我们提个醒,作为个人一定要控制好自己的欲望,无欲则钢,少欲则铁,全欲则泥;作为商事主体,处置公司想要保护自己,一定是在合法合规的轨道内play game。一旦越轨,风险骤至。

三、虚拟货币司法处置到底该怎么做?

最后,刘律聊聊成都公安所说的他们对于涉案虚拟货币的处理——根据法律规定,随案移送,最终由法院处置。这种说法肯定是不现实,小编也许《刑诉法》学得不错,但是实务经验还是少了一点。

当下的虚拟货币司法处置,绝大多数都是在公安侦查阶段完成的。详细原因,感兴趣的朋友可以查阅刘正要律师的同名公众h。在这里我简单说几个情况:假如在涉嫌诈骗案中,嫌疑人骗取的虚拟货币价值到底是3千元还是10万元,甚至是50万元,这不仅关乎未来法院的量刑,更迫在眉睫的是关于够不够刑事立案标准、取保的考量因素、逮捕与否的因素、甚至司法文书到底如何写(起诉意见书、起诉书等);加之,虚拟货币市场玩的真的是心跳(如今比特币从5万元美元一枚到7万元美元,只用了一个月不到时间),如果刑事立案时,嫌疑人骗取/盗取的虚拟货币市值是3千元,但到了法院判决时升到了10万元以上(完全有可能);或者反之,刑事立案时价值50万,但到了判决时只值3千块;此时,法院应该如何做抉择?

此外还有其他很多因素,刘律就不一一赘述,这些因素叠加一起,造就了当下虚拟货币基本上都是被侦查机关先行处置了。

但是实践中这样做,就代表对么?当然是不一定的。虚拟货币的司法处置不仅是公检法在内的司法机关关注的领域,也包括银行、央行、外汇、甚至税务等部门的注意力。当然,还有本文隐藏的主体骗子们,也在时时刻刻盯着虚拟货币处置这一块“大蛋糕”,蠢蠢欲动。

回归到本节主题,虚拟货币司法处置到底该怎么做?有没有合法合规的途径?其实今天刚好有做司法处置的朋友和我聊起来这个话题,我俩的共识就是——这仍然需要监管者出台政策来解绑自己设置的绳套,即解铃还须系铃人。


I wrote a shallow article before and forgot where the link is, mainly because I feel the evil in human nature. The general view is that for thousands of years, no matter China or foreign countries, almost every society can't escape crimes such as theft, fraud, murder, arson, etc. It seems to be carved into some human genes and will explode as soon as it is activated. Whether it is an enlightened monarch or a brutal ruler or a representative elected by citizens, the transformation of the above crimes will eventually end in failure. From the eyes of legal practitioners, virtual currency disposal is actually counted. It is a relatively small or subdivided field, and it is greatly influenced by policies, which is more influential than the new regulations of teaching and training industry on New Oriental. However, it is such a subdivided field, and many areas that even legal practitioners have never heard of are now targeted by scammers and have customized some scams for virtual currency disposal. Liu Lv also learned about this situation from the tips of Chengdu Public Security Bureau. Yesterday, WeChat official account, the official of Chengdu Public Security Bureau, issued a police warning to be alert to criminals. Illegal and criminal activities are carried out on the grounds that the public security organs dispose of virtual currency. It is mentioned that there are criminals and intermediaries who claim to have connections and can obtain public security authorization to dispose of the virtual currency involved, or even fake the signature of the person in charge of the public security organs to forge false contracts to trick third-party disposal companies or individuals into paying the funds for margin activities to engage in fraudulent activities. Chengdu police also specially reminded the public security organs to handle the virtual currency seized in criminal cases and investigate it in strict accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law and related handling procedures. After the end of the case, it was transferred to the procuratorate and finally decided by the people's court according to law. From this police tip, Liu Law briefly talked about the fact that the current market for judicial disposal of virtual currency is really chaotic. The judicial disposal of virtual currency is one of Liu Law's research fields, and I have made a lot of output in terms of articles and live video broadcasts. At present, China judicial organs need to return the virtual currency to the victim in criminal cases except the original currency. The common way to convert virtual currency into legal tender is RMB dollars. Who will do this step? The disposal of property involved in traditional criminal cases must be handled by judicial organs, mainly courts, but the disposal of virtual currency has become very unique. The main reason is that the ten ministries and commissions involved in the two universities and one department issued a notice in 2006 on further preventing and handling the speculation risk of virtual currency trading, which clearly stipulated the exchange between legal tender and virtual currency exchange business. Business and so on belong to illegal financial activities, which also leads to the public security organs dare not take the initiative to exchange virtual currency and legal tender, even for handling cases. In fact, the normal work and business needs of public security organs should be illegal in reason, but I am sorry to inform you that no exception has been made so far to allow any organ or individual to exchange virtual currency and legal tender, but the case still needs to handle virtual currency, after all, it still has property attributes Whether the stolen and cheated virtual currency is worth 10,000 yuan or 10,000 yuan, the judiciary must prove it. Therefore, the judiciary does not come forward, but entrusts a third-party company in the market to realize the virtual currency. After charging a certain fee, these companies remit the realized legal tender into the financial account of the judiciary, which objectively promotes the handling of criminal cases. It is also because there is no unified ratio between different judicial organs entrusting different third-party companies at the national level or the ministerial level. For example, the establishment of a register of qualified third-party companies, although it is said that since 2000, provincial governments or provincial offices and public security departments have successively issued regulations on the disposal of virtual currency by investigation organs, these regulations are too general in general, and it is difficult to stipulate the details, especially how to entrust the disposal company. As a result, there are many ways to choose a third-party disposal company. In the face of huge handling fees, the market price of virtual currency that needs to be disposed of is around several hundred million, and some people really find it difficult to sit still and rent-seeking. There are two swindlers in the transaction, which are primitive but effective. No matter how outrageous or strange the demand is, there is supply. Whoever can design a scam against a third-party disposer must have a better understanding of the virtual currency judicial disposal market. The swindler's tactics are simply old-fashioned and completely old-fashioned. He lied about the relationship resources of the public security and then defrauded the disposer to pay the activity fund deposit. In fact, there are many such scams in the field of criminal defense, and some even lawyers are involved. Why are they so old-fashioned? The Bureau can also deceive the third-party disposers. After all, they are people who often do business with public security organs. But this is the reality. The evidence is this article of Chengdu Public Security. This also reminds us that as an individual, we must control our own desires. If we have no desire, we must be steel, if we want less, we will be iron, and if we want to be the main body of business, we must protect ourselves. Once the risk of deviance suddenly reaches three, what should we do in the judicial disposal of virtual currency? Finally, Liu Lv talks about what Chengdu Public Security said about him. It is certainly unrealistic for us to say that the handling of the virtual currency involved in the case is transferred with the case according to the law, and it is finally disposed of by the court. Perhaps the criminal procedure law is well studied, but the practical experience is still a little less. The vast majority of the current judicial disposal of virtual currency is completed in the public security investigation stage. Interested friends can refer to the public of the same name who wants a lawyer in Liu Zheng. Here I will briefly say a few things. If the value of virtual currency defrauded by suspects in a suspected fraud case is still 1,000 yuan, It's 10,000 yuan or even 10,000 yuan, which is not only related to the sentencing of the court in the future, but more urgent is the consideration of whether the criminal filing standard is enough to get a guarantor, whether to arrest or not, and even how to write a prosecution opinion and an indictment in judicial documents. In addition, the virtual currency market is really heartbroken. Nowadays, it only takes less than a month for Bitcoin to reach 10,000 dollars from 10,000 dollars. If the market value of the virtual currency stolen by the suspect was 1,000 yuan when the criminal filing was initiated, it rose to 10,000 yuan when the court decided It is entirely possible or otherwise, the criminal case was worth 10,000 yuan at the time of filing, but it was only worth 1,000 yuan at the time of judgment. In addition, there are many other factors, and Liu Law will not repeat them one by one. These factors are superimposed and created that the current virtual currency is basically disposed of by the investigation organ first, but in practice, it means that it is not necessarily true that the judicial disposal of virtual currency is not only the field of concern of the judicial organs, including the public security law, but also the attention of banks, central banks, foreign exchange and even tax departments. Of course, there are also the hidden subject fraudsters in this 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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