转U被骗:价值4000万的USDT如何追回?

币圈资讯 阅读:34 2024-04-22 04:32:47 评论:0
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引言:

前两天接到了朋友咨询,说自己将折合人民币约4000万的usdt转给了某u商,但对方没把钱转过来,目前已失联,询问我该怎么办。其实在笔者接触到的案件当中,此类情形是非常常见的高发类型,因此在这里做一个集中解答。

基本案情

当事人王总,想把手中的USDT变现,因为涉及到的资金量比较大,王总就托其朋友小赵找靠谱的u商,小赵就找到了其经常合作的u商小z。小z给了小赵转币地址后,王总u的打款链条如下:(注:为保护客户隐私,案件信息已脱敏处理,本文纯作理论探讨 )

王总(金主本人)→小赵(代收代付)→小z(u商)→x→y

 小赵近几年一直在和小z合作,双方交易的资金量有数千万,因此双方作为素未谋面的多年网友,有很强的信任关系。这次王总找到了小赵后,小赵也是不由分说,将收到的王总的u转至小z提供的地址。

 几天后,小赵见小z依然没动静,坐不住了,问小z:咋回事?不是和之前一样,扣除你的手续费之后把人民币赶紧汇我账上啊?我这边金主等着呢?小z去问了他的中间人x,x又去问其中间人y,y说,“自己把u转到交易所了,但账户被封,他在想办法。要钱可以,但要给他至少半年时间,并且要收15个点的手续费”。

 两周过去了……

 一个月过去了……

 涉案的u就像石沉大海,杳无音讯。小z经王总和小赵轮沟通交涉,闹得很不愉快,后面已失联。王总坐不住了。

王总该怎么办?

上周末晚上,王总联系上我之后,急吼吼的问现在该怎么办?

通过王总的叙述以及阅看了当事人的沟通记录后,理清了上述基本事实。

 虽然王总很着急,但我还是让他先别着急。

 1、那么多u,哪来的?

站在客户的角度,想知道怎么收拾这群卷款跑路的家伙们,这很正常。但是站在一名从业多年的专业刑事律师的角度,我更关心的是,客户的钱是从哪来的?——这是此后所有待解决问题的前提。原因主要是在于,需要先判断客户本人是否有涉刑风险

 毕竟笔者也办理过不少维权者维着维着把自己搞进去的案子(再次声明:与本人无关,本人是在接受委托后在看守所会见才知晓当事人是为什么进去的,但确实在有些案子当中,被害人和犯罪嫌疑人的身份,确实是可以非常微妙的自如切换……)这个就说来话长了,我们还是回归到正题。

 因为王总和小赵都长期居住在海外,所以当客户在描述这个事的时候,我就一直在担心客户U的来源是否合法?是否存在变相买卖外汇涉嫌非法经营的风险?(可参考笔者此前文章:《一文梳理:提供账户帮人转账,可能涉嫌的罪名》,《买卖USDT泰达币赚差价被抓,如何做好刑事辩护?——OTC商家涉刑风险之 非法经营罪 (二)》),但是经询问得知:转出的这些U都是搞数字货币量化交易赚的,并且王总转给小赵,小赵转给小z,均是正常的。因此,初步判断,涉案U的来源干净,并且只存在u和人民币的单向场外交易,不涉及变相买卖外汇。

 由此,王总本身的刑事风险可以排除。

 2、如何维权?

第一步,承担责任的主体是谁?

王总和小赵获得的所有信息是通过小z传达而得,是否存在x,y,目前未知,转币地址也是小z提供。小z作为USDT承兑商,收取手续费,与本案利益相关。目前失联。

因此小z的行为符合刑法当中虚构事实或隐瞒真相,骗取他人财物的特征,涉嫌构成诈骗罪。若存在x,y,且该二人无正当理由拒不给付款项,构成诈骗罪的共同犯罪。

 第二步,采用哪种方式维权?民事起诉or刑事控告?

王总与小赵考虑,也不想把事情搞得太大(主要还是基于资金量太大,担心自身风险考量),是否可以采取民事途径维权,追究小z不当得利的责任?

其实很难。

 根据法律规定,不当得利是指:行为人没有法律依据取得不当利益。因此,实践当中,即使双方没有签署相关合同,只要法院查明双方的交易往来有一定的缘由和背景,都会驳回原告的诉讼请求(换句话说,除非是无缘无故的错误转账,才符合法律概念中的“不当得利”),本案当中,小赵与小z已合作多次,每次小赵转币都是汇至小z提供的涉案地址,双方的交易中,小赵为了获得法币,小z为了获得手续费,双方的交易往来并非没有任何依据。

《中华人民共和国民法典》

第九百八十五条得利人没有法律根据取得不当利益的,受损失的人可以请求得利人返还取得的利益。 

第三步,案件管辖地如何选择?

因此,本案只能采取刑事控告的方式。那么接下来的问题就是,去哪里控告维权?

 根据客户描述,小z在国内,并且据小z所述,x和y也在国内。但x和y所述内容均来自小z转述,真实性未知。因此,根据我国法律规定结合客户目前能够提供的线索,考虑到小z的户籍所在地进行报案最为便利。

公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定(2020修正)

第十五条刑事案件由犯罪地的公安机关管辖。如果由犯罪嫌疑人居住地的公安机关管辖更为适宜的,可以由犯罪嫌疑人居住地的公安机关管辖。

第十六条犯罪地包括犯罪行为发生地和犯罪结果发生地。犯罪行为发生地。

经过以上分析,王总总算是心里有了大致的思路,但维权路漫漫,之后的路还有很长。

刑事律师提示:

场外交易虽然简单快捷费率低,但交易不透明,风险极高。在当前政策背景下,司法实践当中此类交易存在被认定合同无效的风险,但仍然建议与交易对手方签署合同,留存对方的身份信息,日后维权也好应对。


Two days ago, I received a friend's advice that I would transfer about RMB 10,000 to a business, but the other party didn't transfer the money. At present, I have lost contact and asked me what to do. In fact, this kind of situation is a very common high-incidence type among the cases that the author has come into contact with, so I want to make a centralized answer to the basic case here. Because the amount of money involved is relatively large, Mr. Wang always asks his friend Xiao Zhao to find a reliable business and Xiao Zhao to find his regular cooperation. After Shang Xiaoxiao gave Xiao Zhao the money transfer address, Mr. Wang's money transfer chain is as follows. Note: In order to protect the privacy of customers, the case information has been desensitized. This article is purely a theoretical discussion. Mr. Wang himself, Xiao Zhao, collects and pays for the small business. In recent years, Xiao Zhao has been trading tens of millions of funds with the small cooperation parties, so the two sides have a strong trust relationship as netizens who have never met for many years. After this time, Mr. Wang found Xiao Zhao, Xiao Zhao also said that he would transfer the received Mr. Wang's money to the address provided by Xiao Xiao. I can't sit still and ask Xiao what's going on. I didn't remit RMB to my account after deducting your handling fee as before. My money owner is waiting here. Xiao went to ask his middleman and asked his middleman that he had transferred the money to the exchange, but his account was closed. He was trying to get money, but he had to give him at least half a year and collect a handling fee. Two weeks passed, and one month passed. The case involved was like a stone sinking into the sea, and there was no news. Xiao Jing, Wang Zong and Xiao Zhao Lun had a very unpleasant communication and negotiation, and it was lost. Mr. Wang couldn't sit still. What should Mr. Wang do? After contacting me last weekend night, Mr. Wang asked me what to do now. Through Mr. Wang's account and reading the communication records of the parties, I clarified the above basic facts. Although Mr. Wang was in a hurry, I still asked him not to worry so much. From the customer's point of view, he wanted to know how to clean up these guys who ran away with money. This is normal, but from the perspective of a professional criminal lawyer who has been working for many years, I am more concerned about where the customer's money comes from. This is the premise of all the problems to be solved afterwards. The main reason is that it is necessary to judge whether the client himself is involved in the crime first. After all, the author has handled many cases in which defenders have managed to get themselves into it. Once again, I declare that it has nothing to do with me. I didn't know why the parties went in until I met in the detention center after accepting the entrustment, but it is true that in some cases, the identity of the victim and the criminal suspect can be switched very subtly and freely. It's a long story. Let's go back. To get back to the point, because both Wang Zong and Xiao Zhao have lived overseas for a long time, I have been worried about whether the customer's source is legal or not when describing this matter. Please refer to the author's previous article to sort out the possible suspected charges of providing an account to help people transfer money. How to do a good job in criminal defense? The second is the crime of illegal business involving criminal risks. However, after inquiry, I learned that these are all made by digital currency quantitative trading. And it is normal for Mr. Wang to transfer it to Xiao Zhao and Xiao Zhao to Xiao Xiao. Therefore, it is preliminarily judged that the source involved is clean and there is only one-way over-the-counter transaction with RMB, which does not involve buying and selling foreign exchange in disguised form. Therefore, the criminal risk of Mr. Wang can rule out how to defend his rights. Who is the subject who takes responsibility in the first step? All the information obtained by Mr. Wang and Xiao Zhao is obtained through small communication. Whether there is an unknown currency transfer address at present is also small. As an acceptor, the handling fee charged is related to the interests of this case, so the current loss is small. The behavior conforms to the characteristics of fictional facts or concealing the truth to defraud other people's property in criminal law. If it exists and the two people refuse to pay the money without justifiable reasons, it constitutes a joint crime of fraud. The second step is how to defend their rights. Civil prosecution of criminal charges against Mr. Wang and Xiao Zhao does not want to make things too big, mainly because the amount of funds is too large, and they are worried about whether they can take civil measures to defend their rights and investigate the responsibility of small unjust enrichment. In fact, it is difficult to be improper according to the law. Profit means that the actor has no legal basis to obtain improper benefits, so in practice, even if the two sides have not signed the relevant contract, as long as the court finds out that there is a certain reason and background for the transaction between the two sides, the plaintiff's claim will be rejected. In other words, unless it is a wrong transfer for no reason, it is in line with the unjust enrichment in the legal concept. In this case, Xiao Zhao and Xiao Ji have cooperated many times, and every time Xiao Zhao transfers money, it is remitted to the address involved in the case provided by Xiao Zhao. In order to obtain legal tender, Xiao Zhao is involved in the transaction between the two sides, in order to obtain The transaction between the two parties is not without any basis in Article 985 of the Civil Code of People's Republic of China (PRC). The beneficiary has no legal basis to obtain improper benefits, and the loss-stricken person can ask the beneficiary to return the benefits obtained. Step 3: How to choose the jurisdiction of the case, so this case can only take the form of criminal prosecution. Then the next question is where to sue the rights protection. According to the customer's description, it is small in China and according to the short story, it is also in China, but the content is all from the short story. Therefore, the authenticity is unknown. According to the laws of our country, considering the clues that customers can provide at present, it is most convenient for public security organs to report crimes. Amendment to the procedural provisions of criminal cases Article 15 Criminal cases shall be under the jurisdiction of public security organs in the place where criminal suspects live. If it is more appropriate to be under the jurisdiction of public security organs in the place where criminal suspects live, they may be under the jurisdiction of public security organs in the place where criminal suspects live. Analysis of Mr. Wang finally has a general idea in his mind, but there is still a long way to go after the long road of safeguarding rights. Criminal lawyers suggest that OTC transactions are simple and fast, but the rate is low, but the risk of opaque transactions is extremely high. In the current policy background, there is a risk that such transactions will be deemed invalid in judicial practice, but it is still recommended to sign a contract with the counterparty to retain the identity information of the other party, so as to protect rights in the future. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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