卡牌类Web3游戏 法律合规要点有哪些?

币圈资讯 阅读:37 2024-04-22 04:29:56 评论:0
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背景:

最近看到两则新闻,一个是在2024年2月29日,集换式卡牌游戏Parallel推出公开测试版。另外一个是Web3游戏电竞娱乐平台DegenVerse公司推出的电竞游戏 Degen Game (结合 MOBA 和卡牌的即时战略游戏,也被称为 Web3 版本的皇室战争)获得博雅互动的战略投资支持。

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这两则新闻都给我们传达了一个信息,将传统的卡牌游戏进行链改,应用到Web3游戏领域,似乎是一个不错的方向。

Web3游戏的发展少不了对传统游戏的借鉴,同样的,传统卡牌游戏已经产生的法律风险同样可以对Web3游戏创业者带来启发。

Web2卡牌游戏是什么?有哪些类型?

卡牌游戏可粗略的分为传统卡牌游戏,集换式卡牌游戏(TCG)和泛卡牌游戏。

传统卡牌游戏,或者说纸牌游戏,例如《扑克》、《UNO》等。

集换式卡牌游戏,是以收集卡牌为基础,将收集到的卡牌组成卡组,进行游戏对战。相较于传统卡牌,集换式卡牌的不同在于游戏中使用的卡组不再是固定的。例如宝可梦集换式卡牌游戏,炉石传说等。

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卡牌游戏,则融合了更多的元素,如卡牌与动作类结合的刀塔传奇,卡牌与即时战略相结合的皇室战争,卡牌与塔防相结合的明日方舟等。相较于集换式卡牌游戏,泛卡牌游戏在电子游戏方面做了更多的延伸。

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卡牌游戏商业模式中存在的法律问题

1.类盲盒的卡牌销售模式

集换式卡牌游戏的玩法是,玩家是将收集的卡牌组成卡组,进行对战。收集卡组的方式有预组和补充包的方式,所谓预组就是官方自己组合成的卡组,里面的卡牌都是固定的,打开就能进行游玩的卡组。而补充包则是将一定数量确定主题的卡片放入卡包之中,随机获得其中的卡片。这就导致了少量卡牌存在一定的稀缺性。

虽说目前我国并没有专门针对集换式卡牌游戏的法律规定,但其商业模式和销售策略与盲盒有一定的相似性。都是营造特定卡牌稀缺性现象,吸引玩家购买更多的卡牌产品。所以可以参照适用关于盲盒相关法律规定

例如宝可梦卡牌,仅用红蓝色代表卡牌稀有度高低,但未公布每包卡牌中稀有卡牌和普通卡牌的比例。

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在《上海市盲盒经营活动合规指引》中规定,盲盒经营者应公示“商品种类、抽盒规则、商品分布、商品投放数量、隐藏款抽取概率、商品价值范围以及每个系列可以抽取的次数、金额限制等关键信息”。

2.二手卡牌交易面临的法律问题

在玩家无法通过官方渠道购买心仪的卡牌时,就会寻找二手卡牌交易途径。如线下的集换社、或者线上的直播抽卡。卡牌的稀缺性会引发市场炒作,经市场炒作后的卡牌,其性质就发生了从游戏竞技属性到金融属性这一质的转变。

2021年6月,一场司法拍卖引爆网络热议。一张看似没有任何实际功能的青眼白龙游戏卡,起拍价80元,该游戏卡牌竞拍出价最高已超过8700万元。

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在抖音上各种火爆的拆卡的直播间,玩家或黄牛党为获取稀有卡牌而抽卡。基于卡圈内的“共识”心理(这类似于NFT数字藏品,某类NFT的价值得到越多人的认可,其价格也就会越高),众多玩家普遍认同卡牌的稀有度,则卡牌价格会因其收藏价值导致价格飙升。

这些买家未必会用购买的卡牌玩对战游戏,所购的卡牌可能更多的是被他们以更高的价格出售。

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2022年1月,某球星卡社在直播中全员被捕,导致直播中断。原因就在于该玩法已经涉赌。抽卡构成网络赌博的原因在于:用户付费购买商品,基于以小博大的心理进行抽卡,抽卡结果具有随机性,所抽取的卡片可以变现兑换成法币,这已构成了赌博链条的闭环。

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3.举办卡牌赛事直播需防范的风险

游戏赛事的主办方通过直播网络游戏竞技比赛,已经形成了常见商业经营模式。举办游戏赛事直播本身并不涉及违法性,但一些玩法机制的设置,可能会存在涉赌法律风险,如:平台允许主播私下添加玩家联系方式,回收游戏币;平台与银商合作,为用户上下分提供游戏币/游戏道具变现服务,平台组织观赛用户进行直播竞猜,对比赛结果进行赌博下注等。

例如2023年10月,上海高院发布了一则案例:

(https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qFVfzjd3SbMcToZtnAiOVA)

李某某经营了一家电竞公司,2020年公司开发上线了一款网游APP,该APP可在线组队,组织玩家购买门票参加“王者荣耀”“和平精英”手游比赛。排名前列的玩家即可瓜分“奖金池”,APP从门票中“抽头”,并设置提现功能。比赛结束后,玩家可根据排名从APP内提现。截至案发,该APP赌资数额达200余万元,平台组织人员被法院判处开设赌场罪。

曼昆律师合规建议

1.防范卡牌因具有了金融属性,为平台带来的风

在商业模式的设计上,平台需要在营利与合规之间寻求一个平衡。在玩法的设计上,强化某类卡牌的稀缺属性,会增强游戏的趣味性以及调动玩家参与游戏的积极性,但过度的宣传造势,会引发炒作,使稀缺卡牌资源的价格卖到一个高到离谱的价格。如果是平台内支持玩家相互交易,平台仅收取手续费,若将来该稀缺卡牌价格回落,最后接手的买家会因自身亏损而对平台不满。如果平台内不开设二级交易市场,但支持玩家间的相互交易,则价格的炒作会变得更加不可控(因平台无法限价)。前述两种交易模式,都有可能因稀缺卡牌价格跌落导致相关用户投诉,再次情况下,平台轻则被相关监管部分约谈整改,重则会涉及刑事风险。

2.游戏机制的设置上,防范涉赌风险

国外的Web3游戏中,游戏内的代币可以在虚拟货币交易所中交易,天然具有金融属性,但在国内,卡牌游戏的玩法上,必须禁止虚拟货币资金回兑。卡牌游戏中,玩家需要根据卡牌的属性和技能来制定合适的策略,不同的卡牌之间有着复杂的相互作用,玩家需要通过深思熟虑来做出最佳的决策,游戏中还会有丰富的战术选择,玩家可以根据不同的对手来调整自己的战术,所以其本身并非是赌概率。但如上文中提到,如果有竞猜输赢、直播抽卡等模式,仍存在涉赌可能。

本文作者:邵诗巍律师(上海曼昆律师事务所资深律师)

邵诗巍律师,华东政法大学法律硕士,律师执业7年以来办理诉讼及非诉案件三百余件,具有扎实的法学理论功底和实务办案经验。

曾任数十家企业法律顾问,为国内外多家链游平台、元宇宙社交平台、电商交易平台等互联网企业和区块链公司提供法律服务,对数字资产保护,数据跨境,平台经营合规,信息保护等方面均有深入研究。

擅长基于企业自身经营需求,结合行业监管规定,构建企业合规体系,完善公司内部治理结构,能够尽最大程度在合规的基础上,有效满足或实现客户的商业目的,完成项目和达成交易。

主攻业务领域:

数据犯罪与数据合规治理

信息网络犯罪、互联网黑灰产犯罪

涉区块链、币圈刑事辩护

企业高发犯罪风险防控及辩护

典型案例:

  1. 代理某数字藏品平台法人涉嫌诈骗罪一案,律师提交逾万字法律意见书,与承办公安检察官多次沟通探讨数藏行业商业模式及平台运营规则,提出该平台及当事人的经营行为无罪辩护意见,终被司法机关予以采纳,在法人被捕4个月后,公安撤销案件;

  2. 代理某助贷公司涉嫌侵犯公民个人信息案,经与承办检察官沟通并撰写上万字法律意见书,检察院终将案件退回公安,本案撤

  3. 代理某科技公司法人涉嫌帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪一案,经律师会见询问案情及调查取证,向承办检察官提出本案证据不足,当事人不构成犯罪等辩护意见,检察院在37天内做出不予批捕决定,最终撤案;

  4. 代理某公司法人涉嫌虚开增值税专用发票案,结合涉案企业的犯罪情节、认罪态度、退赃情况等,根据中央“少捕、慎诉、慎押”的精神,提出当事人犯本罪的情节显著轻微、危害性不大,建议对当事人不起诉,被检察院采纳,本案最终做不起诉处理;

  5. 代理某员工涉嫌非法吸收公众存款案,提出某员工并非公司高管、属从犯,且家属退出相应违法所得等辩护意见,当事人被判处缓刑(同案犯近十人,仅该员工一人判处缓刑);

核心优势

具有丰富的实战经验,勤勉尽责,高效主动,积极维护当事人的合法权益。已办理多起公安机关撤销案件,检察院不起诉,法院判处缓刑案件.


Background Recently, I saw two pieces of news, one is the public beta version of the card game, and the other is the combination of e-sports games and the real-time strategy game of cards, also known as the version of clash royale, which was supported by Boya Interactive. Both of these news conveyed a message to us. It seems to be a good direction to apply the traditional card game to the game field. The development of the game is indispensable to learn from the traditional game. What are the card games and what types of card games can be roughly divided into traditional card games and pan-card games. Traditional card games or card games, such as poker, are based on the collection of cards. Compared with traditional card games, the difference is that the cards used in the game are no longer Fixed pan-card games, such as Hearthstone Legend, are combined with more elements, such as the knife tower legend card combined with action, the clash royale card combined with tower defense, the ark of tomorrow, etc. Compared with the pan-card games, pan-card games have made more extensions in electronic games. Legal problems in the business model of card games are similar to the blind box card sales model. The gameplay of the pan-card games is that players will collect cards. There are two ways to collect cards in a card pack: pre-group and supplementary package. The so-called pre-group means that the cards in the card pack are all fixed cards that can be played when they are opened, while the supplementary package means that a certain number of cards with certain themes are put into the card pack to randomly obtain the cards, which leads to a certain scarcity of a small number of cards. Although there is no legal provision for card games in China at present, its business model and sales strategy are blind. Boxes are similar to each other to create a specific card scarcity phenomenon to attract players to buy more card products. Therefore, we can refer to the applicable laws and regulations on blind boxes. For example, Baokemeng cards only use red and blue to represent the rarity of cards, but the ratio of rare cards to ordinary cards in each pack of cards has not been announced. In the compliance guidelines for blind box business activities in Shanghai, it is stipulated that blind box operators should publicize the types of goods, the rules for drawing boxes, the distribution of goods, the number of goods put in, and the hidden money to extract the value range of probability goods. And the key information such as the limit of the number of times and the amount of money that can be drawn in each series, etc. The legal problems faced by the second-hand card trading, when players can't buy their favorite cards through official channels, they will look for ways to trade second-hand cards, such as offline exchange agencies or online live lottery cards, which will lead to market speculation. After the market speculation, the nature of the cards has changed from the competitive nature of the game to the financial nature. A judicial auction detonated a hot discussion on the Internet in June. The starting price of the international function "Blue Eye and White Dragon Tour" card has exceeded 10,000 yuan. The highest bidding price of this game card has exceeded 10,000 yuan. In Tik Tok, players or scalpers draw cards in order to obtain rare cards. This is similar to the consensus psychology in the card circle. The more people recognize the value of a certain type of digital collection, the higher its price will be. Many players generally agree that the rarity of the cards will lead to soaring prices due to their collection value. These buyers may not necessarily use the purchased cards to play battle games. The cards purchased may be sold by them at a higher price. The reason why a star card club was arrested in the live broadcast in June led to the interruption of the live broadcast is that the game has been involved in gambling and card drawing, which constitutes online gambling. The reason why users pay to buy goods is that the cards drawn based on the psychology of being small and broad are random, and the cards drawn can be realized and converted into legal tender. This has formed a closed loop of the gambling chain. The organizers of card games that need to be guarded against live broadcast through live broadcast. Online game competitions have formed a common business model. Holding live games does not involve illegality in itself, but there may be legal risks involved in gambling in the setting of some playing mechanisms. For example, the platform allows anchors to add players' contact information privately to recycle game coins, and the platform cooperates with banks and merchants to provide users with a service platform for realizing game coins and game props, and organizes users to watch the game live, quiz and gamble on the results of the game. For example, the Shanghai High Court issued a case of Li Moumou in June. I run an e-sports company. In, the company developed and launched an online game. The online team can organize players to buy tickets to participate in the the glory of the king Peace Elite Mobile Games. The top players can divide the bonus pool, tap from the tickets and set the cash withdrawal function. After the game, the players can withdraw cash from the inside according to the ranking. As of the time of the incident, the platform organizer was convicted of opening a casino by the court. Lawyer Man Kun's compliance advice is to prevent the risks brought by the card card due to its financial attributes. In the design of business model, the platform needs to seek a balance between profit and compliance. Strengthening the scarcity of certain cards in the design of gameplay will enhance the interest of the game and mobilize the enthusiasm of players to participate in the game. However, excessive publicity will lead to speculation and make the price of scarce card resources sell at an outrageous price. If the platform supports players to trade with each other, the platform will only charge a handling fee. If the price of the scarce card falls in the future, the buyer who finally takes over the platform will lose money. Dissatisfaction If there is no secondary trading market in the platform, but mutual trading between players is supported, the price speculation will become more uncontrollable, because the platform cannot limit the price. Both of the above two trading modes may cause complaints from relevant users due to the price drop of scarce cards. In another case, the platform will be talked about by relevant regulatory authorities, and the rectification will involve criminal risk. The setting of game mechanism will prevent gambling risks. The tokens in foreign games can be traded in virtual currency exchanges, which is naturally financial. However, in the domestic card game, it is necessary to prohibit the virtual currency funds from being redeemed. In the card game, players need to formulate appropriate strategies according to the attributes and skills of the cards. There are complex interactions between different cards. Players need to make the best decisions through careful consideration. There will also be rich tactical choices in the game. Players can adjust their tactics according to different opponents, so it is not a gambling probability in itself. However, as mentioned above, if there are modes such as quiz, winning or losing, live card drawing, there is still the possibility of gambling. The author of this paper is Shao Shiwei, a lawyer of Shanghai Man Kun Law Firm, and Shao 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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