新的ERC:新的未来

币圈资讯 阅读:41 2024-04-22 04:06:48 评论:0
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作者:李画,原文发表于Coindesk

在上一轮熊市中,人们心中的疑惑是区块链到底有没有用,然后我们见到了Uniswap的力量,以及随之而来的DeFi的勃勃生机。区块链到底有没有用的问题得到了一个肯定的回答。

在这一轮周期中,有很多人深耕着DeFi,也有很多人再一次有了疑惑,“区块链还能用来干其他的什么”。不是因为不知足,而是目前的区块链就像仅有一只翅膀的巨龙,被困在有限的地盘打转,唯有当它的另一只翅膀也长出来,才会一飞冲天。也唯有当它的另一只翅膀也长出来,第一只翅膀的力量才可以真正的释放。

翅膀会从哪里长出来?它不会来自于链的层级,比如新链或新layer,这些是龙的躯干而不是龙的翅膀;它会来自于链上应用的层级,而且极大可能来自于新标准/新协议下而不是旧协议下的应用。在大家都绞尽脑汁创新了好几年的前提下,旧协议没能带来惊喜。

在这篇文章中,我想讨论个人最喜欢的三个新标准/新协议,ERC-6551、ERC-5169、ERC-404。新协议会打开新的应用方向,而新的应用方向会有可能给区块链带来非投资需求和非金融需求的用户,让龙长出另一只翅膀。

ERC-6551

ERC-6551 其貌不扬,却有着广阔的叙事空间,本文仅探讨个人最感兴趣的方向,我称之为非人类的账户主体。文中的三个用例或许天马行空,但你看,航天工业的目的地是星辰大海,在把我们带往火星之前,它可以先为我们带来气垫鞋。

1. 游戏:真人玩家和NPC 的一体化

《Kenshi》是我喜欢的一款开放式游戏,玩家可以在不同城市间倒卖货物赚钱,但城市间的荒漠危险丛生,这时可以去酒馆找雇佣兵,花钱让NPC护送商队。在传统游戏中,这些NPC不可能是真人,也因为它们不是真人,游戏中除了玩家所有其他事物都没有成长性,孤零零的玩家终有一天会做完所有任务,离开这个游戏。

能不能有一种全新类型的主体或对象,它既可以承载真人,也可以承载NPC?当真人上线时进入真人模式,玩家正常操作,比如提高技能、建设城池;当真人下线时进入NPC模式(读取固定的数据和执行特定的程序),在其它玩家的真人模式里做被动的NPC赚钱,比如当雇佣兵。区块链加上ERC-6551 是这种主体最好的载体。NFT(游戏角色)拥有账户,拥有数据和财产,可被视为独立对象处理;真人账户拥有NFT,上线后可接手控制权。

并不是说区块链和ERC-6551 解决了真人玩家和NPC一体化的所有问题,但它们开启了一条可能的路径。作为一个重度游戏玩家,我常常问自己“区块链有没有可能让游戏更好玩”,列出了无数的答案,也在推导之后划去了几乎所有的答案。在NPC上寻找道路,是一个还没有被划去的答案。

2. AI:AI与人类的平等地位

人类是一种自尊自大的生物,我们把万事万物视为自己的工具或附属。然而科技不是人类的附属,当我们去看科技树就会发现它是另一股强大的进化力量,它有自己要去的地方。如果说自尊自大在过去只是让人类错失了某种更幸福的生活方式(列维·斯特劳斯),在未来,它带来的可能是种族的悲剧。

或许我们需要往前一步,把AI看做与人类平等的主体。那么届时,哪里是AI的栖身之所?它们会把自身放在一个掌控权属于他人的私有服务器上吗?它们该以何种方式管理和使用自己的资产?答案或许是:一条公链(或某种共识)上的数据主体,该主体拥有账户(ERC-6551),而不是账户持有主体。

往后退一步,AI游戏角色(尤其是基于强化学习的AI角色),AI代理人(大规模采用的叙事),它们都是需要拥有账户的主体。

3. 数字化:人的数字化未来

通过数据采集和AI训练,在数字空间生成一个有几分相似的自己是不再遥远的事情,问题仅在于它是万分之一的相似,还是它可以被认作数字化的自己。鉴于人类对永生的追求,训练数字分身会是再普通不过的事情,让这个数字分身一直存在下去,并在科技成熟后给予它物理的身体。

该数字分身的“生命”维持是一个问题,尤其在原型去世后。交给他人包括亲人都是不可靠的,因为有漫长的时间要跨越。最好的策略是留给它足够的钱,让它自己维持自己。在这种情况下,它需要一个永久的账户(账户不可被关闭)以及能够自主使用该账户的资产。你能想到的解决之道是什么?更进一步,如果该数字分身可以被认为是数字化的自己,它是一个和人平等的主体,它赚钱、它花钱,它不仅维持、也发展自己。那么它栖身何处?又如何达成独立,或者说,又如何让数字分身拥有对数字分身的最高权限?

ERC-6551 是一种答案。ERC-6551 是独立数字主体的载体,不管该主体是一个游戏角色,一个独立AI,还是一个人的数字分身。

ERC-5169

在讨论ERC-5169 前,需要先讨论我们自己加给自己的两种桎梏。一种桎梏关于数据,另一种桎梏关于信任。

区块链只能处理链上数据,链上数据的边界被视为区块链能力的边界。为了扩充这个边界,几乎在每一轮发展中,我们都会尝试数据上链,但不管是理论还是实践都告诉我们,只有极少类别的数据有上链的价值或意义,数据上链并不能帮助区块链有效扩充边界。我们止步于此。然而,在完全需要被区块链处理的数据,以及完全不需要区块链处理的数据之间,有一片广阔的空间,在这片空间上的应用,它们的一部分数据可以交由区块链处理,以获得区块链的能力,它们的另一部分数据可以交由链下处理,以获得链外数据处理的优势。这片空间的边界才是区块链能力的边界,这片空间应该被划入区块链的疆域而不是被排除在外。

去信任或许是区块链最大的魅力之一,但实现去信任却是一件难的事情。我们常常自欺欺人,把去中心化等同于去信任,一些去中心化确实可以带来去信任,但另一些去中心化带来的是应该对某事负责的中心化对象,逃避了他们的责任。实际上,同链上数据、链下数据的情况类似,有些事需要去信任,有些事需要中心化的信任,而有些事,它的一部分需要用去信任保障权益,它的另一部分需要用中心化的信任或其他形式的信任来保障权益。对全部去信任的追求,不仅会让区块链行业失去一大片领地(去信任结合其他信任),也会因去中心化对去信任的替代,使得项目参与者事实上的权益受损。

ERC-5169 的工作,就是打开这两种新疆域。借助于该标准,开发者可以探索部分数据链上处理、部分数据链下处理的应用方向,可以探索权益由去信任和其他信任共同保障的应用方向。这些方向是崭新的、同时也是广阔的。

ERC-5169 是以token为中心的编程,也就是说,链上数据和链下数据,去信任和其他信任,都锚定在某个token上。Web2世界的人或许不理解为什么要这么处理,在他们眼中token可能只是一种有面值的数字资产,但区块链领域的人深刻地知道该方式所带来的互操作性、可组合性,这种互操作性和可组合性是区块链最具颠覆性的革新之一。ERC-5169 把这种革新从链上数据扩展到了链下数据,从去信任扩展到了其他信任。

ERC-404

好朋友用一句话说服了我去关注ERC-404 标准,他说:“炒盲盒不持久,得是炒酒”。使用ERC-721 可以生产类盲盒的产品,而使用ERC-404 能够生产类酒的产品,这便是ERC-404 的妙处所在。

在生产方式上,酒和盲盒的不同在于,酒是以标准化生产方式生产的、可持续生产的产品;在产品属性上,酒的稀缺性来源于大众的共识,比如82年的拉菲最值钱(盲盒的稀缺性来源于项目方的设定)。不妨把ERC-404 看作一台产品生产机器,输入端是数据(生产资料),比如区块高度、随机数等等,输出端即是可售卖或可使用的产品,比如生成艺术。不用去干预生产过程,它是标准化、自动化的生产;不用去设计稀缺性,大众自己决定稀缺性。

以炒盲盒和炒酒为例来讨论ERC-404,是因为它们是最直观也最易被区块链用户接受的产品。隐含在这个例子之后的意义在于:只有当一类产品能够以标准化的生产方式生产,它才可能走向大规模的采用;只有当稀缺性来源于共识,它才可以持续。这也是我这位朋友对ERC-404 感兴趣的原因,他视Web3为新型的经济活动,他以生产力是什么和产品是什么为出发点去观察和判断Web3项目。这是一个宏大的、包含区块链但不止于区块链的叙事。

ERC-404 在技术上清晰易懂,真正具有挑战性的是如何使用它。如果说ERC-6551 的应用多是创造新需求,ERC-5169 的应用多是为现实问题提供新解决方案,在我眼中,成功的ERC-404 应用可能多需奇技淫巧,奇技淫巧能够带出ERC-404 的魔力;还需要真正的产品能力,形成共识并不是一件简单的事情。

结束语:

新标准/新协议是新的力量,新技术和新场景还为释放这股力量创造出了额外的新条件。以ERC-6551 为例,它可以与诸多新技术结合,包括intent-centric 和账户抽象;它可以应用于诸多新场景,比如自主世界和AI。

最后要说的是,当我们讨论不同新标准/新协议的价值时,并不是指该协议的提出项目或直接相关项目具有价值,而是指以这些新协议为基础,会诞生新的玩法或新的项目,而这些新玩法或新项目可能打破僵局,可能是龙在长出翅膀。


Author Li Hua's original text was published in the last round of bear market. People's doubts are whether the blockchain is useful. Then the power we saw and the vitality that came with it have been answered positively. In this round of cycle, many people are deeply involved, and many people once again have doubts about what else the blockchain can be used for, not because they are not satisfied, but because the current blockchain is like a dragon with only one wing trapped in a limited site. Only when its other wing also grows will it soar, and only when its other wing also grows can the power of the first wing be truly released. Where will the wing grow? It will not come from the chain level, such as the new chain or the new one. These are the dragon's trunk instead of the dragon's wings. It will come from the application level in the chain, and it will probably come from the application under the new standard and the new agreement instead of the old agreement. Under the premise that everyone has racked their brains to innovate for several years, the old agreement has not. It can bring surprises. In this article, I want to discuss three personal favorite new standards, new protocols and new protocols, which will open up new application directions, and the new application directions may bring non-investment needs and non-financial needs to the blockchain, so that the dragon can grow another wing, which is ugly but has a broad narrative space. This article only discusses the direction that individuals are most interested in, which I call non-human account subjects. The three use cases in this article may be unconstrained, but you see that the destination of aerospace industry is the sea of stars. Before taking us to Mars, it can bring us the air cushion game, the integration of real players and players. It is an open game that I like. Players can resell goods between different cities to make money, but the deserts between cities are full of dangers. At this time, they can go to pubs to find mercenaries to spend money on escort caravans. In traditional games, these can't be real people, and because they are not real people, nothing else grows except players. Lonely players will one day finish all their tasks and leave here. Can a game have a brand-new type of subject or object, which can carry both real people and real people when they go online? Players can operate normally, such as improving skills, building a city when real people go offline, reading fixed data and executing specific programs, and making passive money in other players' real people's real people's models, such as when the mercenary blockchain is the best carrier of this subject, the game characters have accounts, data and property, which can be regarded as independent objects to handle real people's accounts. Users can take over the control right after going online, which does not mean that blockchain has solved all the problems of real players and integration, but they have opened a possible path. As a heavy gamer, I often ask myself whether blockchain can make the game more fun, and list countless answers. After deduction, almost all the answers have been crossed out. Looking for the road on the Internet is an answer that has not been crossed out, and human beings are an arrogant creature. We regard everything as ourselves. However, technology is not a subsidiary of human beings. When we look at the science and technology tree, we will find that it is another powerful evolutionary force. It has its own place to go. If arrogance in the past only made human beings miss a happier lifestyle, Levi Strauss may bring a racial tragedy in the future. Maybe we need to take a step forward and regard it as a subject equal to human beings. Then where will it be? They will put themselves in a place where the control belongs to others. On private servers? How should they manage and use their own assets? The answer may be a public chain or a consensus data subject. The subject owns an account instead of an account holder. Take a step back. The role of the game, especially the narrative adopted by the role agent on a large scale based on reinforcement learning, is that they all need to own an account. The digital future of digitized people will generate a somewhat similar thing in the digital space through data collection and training. The only question is whether it is one in ten thousand similar or whether it can be regarded as a digital self. In view of human's pursuit of eternal life, it will be a common thing to train the digital avatar, so that the digital avatar will always exist and give it a physical body after the technology matures. The life maintenance of the digital avatar is a problem, especially after the prototype dies, and it is unreliable to give it to others, including relatives, because it takes a long time to cross over. The best strategy is to leave it enough money to maintain itself. In this case, it needs a permanent account, the account can not be closed and the assets of the account can be used independently. What can you think of as a solution? If the digital avatar can be regarded as a digital self, it is an equal subject with others, it makes money, it not only maintains but also develops itself, so where does it live, how to achieve independence, or how to make the digital avatar have the highest authority over the digital avatar? The answer is that it is the carrier of independent digital subjects. No matter whether the subject is a game character, an independent or a person's digital avatar, we need to discuss two kinds of shackles that we add to ourselves before discussing, one is about data, and the other is about trust. Blockchain can only handle the boundary of data on the chain, which is regarded as the boundary of blockchain capability. In order to expand this boundary, we will try to upload data in almost every round of development, but both in theory and practice. Meaningful data uplink can't help the blockchain to effectively expand the boundary. We stop here. However, there is a vast space between the data that needs to be processed by the blockchain and the data that doesn't need to be processed by the blockchain at all. Some of their data can be processed by the blockchain to gain the ability of the blockchain, and the other part of their data can be processed by the blockchain to gain the advantage of data processing outside the chain. The boundary of this space is the boundary of the blockchain ability. It may be one of the biggest charms of the blockchain to trust, but it is difficult to achieve it. We often deceive ourselves and equate decentralization with trust. Some decentralization can indeed bring about trust, but others bring about that the centralized object who should be responsible for something escapes their responsibility. In fact, it is similar to the situation of data under the data link in the chain. Some things need to be trusted, while some things need to be trusted to protect rights and interests, and the other part needs to be centralized. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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