为解决Solana拥堵问题的SWQoS是什么?是否会带来更严重的中心化问题

币圈资讯 阅读:34 2024-04-22 03:54:01 评论:0
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作者:陈默,BV DAO创始人 来源:X,@cmdefi

Solana 上的拥堵问题,目前给出的方案差不多就是两类:

1. 允许提高Gas来提升优先级(在不同情况下分为全局影响和局部影响)

2. SWQoS,这个存在一些争议,全称是Stake-weighted Quality of Service,这是一个通过权益加权来优先处理交易的服务质量机制。

简单来说就是基于PoS共识机制,拥有更多权益质押的验证者能获得更优先的交易服务,当带宽、计算和存储有限时,具有较高权益的节点将获得优先访问权。通过这种方式有效防止了恶意生成大量交易来干扰网络。

但是不难看出,SWQoS对于商业RPC基础设施运营商和交易所尤其有益,因为它们可以通过与权益较大的验证者建立合作关系,确保其交易得到优先处理。随之而来的就是中心化问题,聚集了大量质押权益的实体可能就会垄断优先访问权,这看起来比Lido的中心化问题更加直接。

在短期来看,首要解决性能问题确实是正确的,但长期来说,个人觉得应当在SWQoS上引入一些激励和限制,比如限制单个验证者可拥有的最大权益比例类似的措施。

另外稍微展开一下,为什么说 SWQoS 的权益集中问题会比 Lido 中心化的问题影响更大?

因为以太坊中并没有把ETH的质押直接与交易优先权关联,但权益过于集中是否也会在其他层面影响交易?答案还是会的,但完成的难度要大一些。

在以太坊的PoS机制中,存在一个“区块提议者”的概念,拥有更多权益的验证者更有可能被选为区块提议者。但是每个验证者提议区块的机会是随机分配的,权益多的验证者提议区块的机率自然会更高,而区块提议者有权决定包括哪些交易在内的区块内容。

因此,如果某个质押服务或集团控制了大量的质押权益,他们在某种程度上也可能影响交易的优先处理。

但 SWQoS 无疑是牺牲了这道防线,直接将交易优先权与质押权益关联。短期内可能对性能提升立竿见影,但长期来说如果不引入其他激励或监督机制,中心化问题将会越来越严重。


The author Chen Mo, the founder of the source of the congestion problem, currently gives almost two kinds of solutions that allow improvement to improve the priority, which are divided into global impact and local impact under different circumstances. This is controversial. The full name is that this is a service quality mechanism that gives priority to transactions through equity weighting. Simply put, it is based on the consensus mechanism that verifiers with more equity pledges can get more priority trading services. When bandwidth calculation and storage are limited, nodes with higher equity will get priority. In this way, access rights effectively prevent malicious generation of a large number of transactions to interfere with the network, but it is not difficult to see that it is particularly beneficial to commercial infrastructure operators and exchanges, because they can establish cooperative relations with verifiers with greater rights and interests to ensure that their transactions are given priority, which is followed by centralization. Entities that have gathered a large number of pledged rights may monopolize priority access rights, which seems to be more direct than the centralization problem. In the short term, performance problems should be solved first. It is correct, but in the long run, I personally think that some incentives and restrictions should be introduced, such as limiting the maximum proportion of rights and interests that a single verifier can have. In addition, I will explain why the problem of concentration of rights and interests will have a greater impact than the problem of centralization, because the pledge of rights and interests is not directly related to the transaction priority in Ethereum, but whether the concentration of rights and interests will affect the transaction answer at other levels will still be possible, but it is more difficult to complete. The concept of a block proposer, a verifier with more rights and interests is more likely to be selected as a block proposer, but the chance for each verifier to propose a block is randomly distributed. The verifier with more rights and interests will naturally have a higher chance to propose a block, and the block proposer has the right to decide the contents of the block including which transactions. Therefore, if a pledge service or group controls a large number of pledge rights and interests, they may also affect the priority of transactions to some extent, but it is undoubtedly at the expense of this line of defense. The relationship between easy priority and pledge rights may have an immediate effect on performance improvement in the short term, but in the long run, if other incentive or supervision mechanisms are not introduced, the problem of centralization will become more and more serious. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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