V神甄选:Web3项目发币为什么选择瑞士基金会

币圈资讯 阅读:42 2024-04-22 03:33:59 评论:0
美化布局示例

欧易(OKX)最新版本

【遇到注册下载问题请加文章最下面的客服微信】永久享受返佣20%手续费!

APP下载   全球官网 大陆官网

币安(Binance)最新版本

币安交易所app【遇到注册下载问题请加文章最下面的客服微信】永久享受返佣20%手续费!

APP下载   官网地址

火币HTX最新版本

火币老牌交易所【遇到注册下载问题请加文章最下面的客服微信】永久享受返佣20%手续费!

APP下载   官网地址

以太坊发币往事

2014年7月22日午夜,以太坊终于开始了为期42天的公开预售。

在以太坊白灰色调的官网上,正中间是迄今为止售出的以太币数量,仅在短短12个小时内就卖出了700多万个以太币,价值约220万美元。在这个销售战绩数字的左边,是剩余的销售天数,右边是当前价格下的剩余天数,三组数字的下方是一个写着“购买以太币”的黑色按钮,以及《条款和条件》《购买协议》《白皮书》和《收入预期用途》等法律文件的链接。

在《条款和条件》文件的开头,以太坊写道:“运行以太坊开源软件平台(‘以太坊平台’)上的分布式应用需要以太币(ETH),将以太币这种加密燃油出售给以太币购买者受以下条款和条件(‘条款’)的制约。”

图片来源:以太坊基金会官网

文件进一步指出:“根据瑞士法律,创世区块销售属于合法的软件产品销售”,产品的销售由“以太瑞士,一家遵照瑞士法律经营的瑞士公司进行。每个潜在的以太币购买者都有责任确定自己所在的区域购买以太币是否合法。为了进一步消除以太币与金钱或投资之间的任何联系,条款还表示以太坊平台的开发人员都是志愿建设以太坊,为表示对他们贡献的认可,将会奖励给他们一些以太币。”

以太坊代币销售的创新点在于,所有参与者被告知他们购买的是一家瑞士公司的软件(ETH),而ETH是以太坊上所有应用程序的“燃料”。简言之:ETH是具有实用性的资产,而不是投资工具。

最终,以太坊销售的战绩是:31,591比特币,当时价值18,439,086美元,被兑换为60,102,216以太币。 这笔销售资金被用来偿还以太坊开发团队之前的运营负债,补发开发者之前数月开发的劳动报酬,并作为未来以太坊开发的财务支持,这让苦逼了好一阵子的以太坊早期开发者如释重负。

以BTC这样的主流资产来购买尚在纸上的项目代币的募资模式,自此成功拉开序幕,点燃了后续全球范围内虚拟货币项目ICO的狂潮。

很多朋友不知道的是,以太坊早期曾在多伦多成立了一家名叫分布式比特币公司(Bitcoin Decentral,后来更名为Decentral),在2014年以太坊开始预售的紧要关头,关于以太坊后续的法律实体,核心团队开始有了分歧,大致分成两派:

一派是以太坊的首席执行官查尔斯等人,他们的想法是设立非营利性基金会支持开源以太坊协议的开发,同时设立一家营利性的公司为协议提供支持和建立应用层,并集中管理并拥有可预测的收入来源。

另外一派则以以太坊的灵魂人物维塔利克为代表,他们更愿意成立一个非营利性基金会,支持世界各地的开发者以更去中心化、更有机的方式建立以太坊。

最终的解决方案是折中的:2014年7月,以太坊团队成立了一家名为“以太瑞士”(EthSuisse)的瑞士有限责任公司,并在瑞士楚格州Zug(瑞士企业税率最低的州之一)设立以太坊基金会 (Stiftung Ethereum) 。

图片来源:以太坊基金会官方X账号

以太坊的代币销售由以太瑞士有限责任公司来负责,在预售结束后,以太瑞士有限责任公司便进行了解散,由以太坊基金会来负责管理所募资的资金,支持平台开发和基础设施建设,同时以太坊平台上所有的代码都将开源和免费,任何地方的开发者都能参与到平台建设中来,并搭建应用程序。

图片来源:以太坊基金会官网

10年过去了,以太坊已成行业当之无愧的行业龙头,在源源不断的被更多的友商借鉴和学习,无论是其开放性的组织理念,还是其采取用基金会发币的模式。

为什么选择瑞士基金会

瑞士基金会声誉好。好声誉既来源于瑞士本身的政治、经济特点,同时也源于瑞士基金会的法律特点。瑞士基金会具有独立法人资格,但没有股东。基金会的资产由基金会理事会按照基金会宗旨进行管理。理事会对基金会财产的使用受瑞士联邦基金会监管局(The Federal Supervisory Authority for Foundations,FSAF) 监督。

截至2023年1月,一共有17830家基金会在瑞士建立。今年大热的公链项目TON也于2023年建立了瑞士基金会,其总裁 Steve Yun就是这么说的,“瑞士具有双重优势,可以增强 TON 生态系统和我们的全球 TON 爱好者社区。”“瑞士在世界级监管标准方面享有盛誉,为 TON 基金会提供了无与伦比的信誉,并为战略合作伙伴关系和企业级集成打开了大门,以加强开放网络。我们的社区将发现这一举措为我们日益动态的网络实现了更大的透明度和治理。这不仅仅是一个里程碑,更是 TON 生态系统和社区实现可持续、长期增长的门户。”

图片来源:TON官方网站

图片来源:TON官方网站

瑞士基金会发币的监管

目前,瑞士金融市场监管局(Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority,FINMA)并没有就ICO的专门立法。尽管如此,发币可能会涉及以下领域的相关监管。

银行法:在瑞士银行法下,如果接受或向公众宣传将接受超过20笔来自公众的存款,可能需要申请银行牌照,但由于大部分的ICO并不涉及对投资者的偿还,因此,ICO发行可以由非银行进行。

证券相关法律:Token是否在瑞士法律下被视为证券,取决于其经济功能。虽然瑞士的证券发行并不像美国、中国等国家严格,但仍然会受到一定的监管。根据FINMA对Token的分类payment token、utility token、asset token,payment token不属于证券,但utility token、asset token是否属于证券需要个案分析。如utility token的唯一目的是向应用程序或服务授予数字访问权限(访问Token),并且Token实际上可以在发行时以这种方式使用,那么FINMA将不会将该utility token视为证券。

如果asset token被标准化并适合进行大规模交易,FINMA将视其为证券。在ICO的预售阶段出售的Token购买权也可能被视为证券。公开发行股票或债券,则必须根据Swiss Code of Obligations (CO)发布招股说明书。股权或债券发行以Token销售的形式进行,也将适用这一规定。CO规定的招股说明书责任对ICO来说至关重要。如果提供类似股票或债券的权利,则法院可能会将招股说明书责任规则适用于ICO的白皮书。因此,任何参与编写白皮书的人(包括顾问)都可能对白皮书中包含的不正确或误导性信息承担责任。

另外,在token符合证券的情况下,在一级市场上创建和发行衍生产品会受到经纪商牌照的管制。同样,如果进行Token的包销和向公众提供Token,也受到相同监管。如果Token交易平台采用非自主的订单匹配方式,同样受FINMA监管。

对于是否Token是否属于证券的分析,需要进行具体的个案分析。

区块链法:瑞士于2021年1月1日正式实施Swiss Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) Act,该法案引入了DLT证券(registered uncertificated securities),DLT证券省去了传统证券在转让环节的书面要求。同时DLT法案也引入了一个特别牌照DLT交易设施牌照(DLT trading facilities)。根据曼昆金律师的理解,该牌照适用的场景为交易所。

税法:瑞士基金会并不像离岸基金会一样自动免税,必须根据基金会的事实和情况申请免税。经核准的基金会宗旨为慈善性质,其收益全部用于非营利性组织或者项目的,可以免税。如不是,对基金会的捐赠可能需要缴纳赠与税,并根据收到的收入缴纳公司所得税。

反洗钱法:老生常谈的话题,不予展开。

瑞士基金会的主要设立要求

明确的章程。基金会必须在公证人面前通过一份真实的章程成立,基金会为特定目的分配资本金额而创建的,并且必须置于其属的联邦,州或直辖市的监督之下。这个监督机构确保基金会的资源被用于预定目的。

最低5万瑞士法郎(约5.5万美元)的捐款额度。瑞士基金会的最低初始捐款为5万瑞士法郎,它可以为特定目的而设定,不需要指定受益人。

须有当地理事会成员。创始人可以是法人团体,也可以是个人,可以被任命为基金会董事会主席。至少有一名具有签字权的理事会成员必须居住在瑞士。理事会成员的详细信息可在公共登记处查阅。

基金会需审计。基金会应任命一名独立的外部审计,审查基金会的年度账目。只有在基金会没有募集公共资金,且连续两年的资产负债表总额低于20万瑞士法郎的情况下,才可以向FINMA申请豁免审计要求。

曼昆律师建议

一个成功的区块链项目是天时和地利的集合,更是创新与合规的折中。作为Web3项目架构搭建的系列文章,本文通过梳理以太坊基金会的发币往事、瑞士基金会的设立情况,希望能够为Web3创业者在项目发起早期的合规上提供更多参考。

整体而言,作为项目创始团队,可以根据创业项目的赛道类型、目标用户所在的国家和地区、投资基金的交易要求等因素,选择适合自己项目的基金会所在地。如果有更多关于Web3基金会设立与合规的事项需要进一步交流讨论的地方,欢迎与曼昆律师联系。



In the past, at midnight, the Ethereum finally started a one-day public pre-sale. In the middle of the official website of Ethereum, the number of ethereum sold so far is more than 10,000 ethereum worth about 10,000 US dollars in just a short hour. On the left of this sales record figure is the remaining sales days, and on the right is the remaining days at the current price. Below the three groups of figures is a black button with the terms and conditions of buying ethereum, white paper and receipt. At the beginning of the terms and conditions document, the link to legal documents such as the intended use is written by Ethereum. The distributed application on the Ethereum open source software platform needs Ethereum. The encrypted fuel of Ethereum will be sold to the buyers of Ethereum, which is subject to the following terms and conditions. Image source: Ethereum Foundation official website document further points out that the sales of software products in Chuangshi Block are legal according to Swiss law, and the sales of products are operated by Ethereum Switzerland in accordance with Swiss law. It is the responsibility of every potential buyer of Ethereum to determine whether it is legal to buy Ethereum in his own area. In order to further eliminate any connection between Ethereum and money or investment, it also means that the developers of Ethereum platform are willing to build Ethereum, and some Ethereum tokens will be awarded to them in recognition of their contribution. The innovation of sales is that all participants are told that they are buying software from a Swiss company instead of Ethereum. In short, the fuel of all applications in the world is a practical asset, not an investment tool. In the end, the sales record of Ethereum is that Bitcoin was then worth US dollars and was converted into Ethereum. This sales fund was used to repay the operating liabilities of the Ethereum development team before, to reissue the labor remuneration of the developers in the previous months and to provide financial support for the future development of Ethereum, which made the early developers of Ethereum feel relieved to buy items still on paper with such mainstream assets. Since then, the fund-raising mode of token has successfully kicked off, igniting the frenzy of virtual currency projects around the world. What many friends don't know is that Ethereum set up a distributed bitcoin company in Toronto in the early days, and later changed its name to Ethereum in 2006. At the critical moment when the pre-sale of Ethereum began, the core team of legal entities following Ethereum began to disagree. One group was the CEO of Ethereum, Charles and others. Their idea was to set up a non-profit foundation to support the opening. At the same time, a for-profit company was set up to support the agreement, establish an application layer and have a predictable income source. The other group, represented by Vitalik, the soul of Ethereum, preferred to set up a non-profit foundation to support developers all over the world to establish Ethereum in a more decentralized and organic way. The final solution was to compromise the years. Ethereum team established a Swiss limited liability company called Ethereum Switzerland. The company also set up the Ethereum Foundation in Zug, Switzerland, one of the states with the lowest corporate tax rate in Switzerland. The official account of Ethereum Foundation is responsible for the token sales of Ethereum. After the pre-sale, Ethereum Switzerland Co., Ltd. was dissolved, and the Ethereum Foundation was responsible for managing the funds raised to support the platform development and infrastructure construction. At the same time, all the codes on the Ethereum platform will be open source and free, and developers anywhere can participate in it. Official website has passed, and Ethereum has become a well-deserved industry leader in the industry, which is constantly being used for reference and learning by more friends, whether it is its open organizational concept or the mode of issuing money with the foundation. Why did you choose the Swiss Foundation? The good reputation of the Swiss Foundation stems from both its own political and economic characteristics and the legal characteristics of the Swiss Foundation. The Swiss Foundation has an independent legal personality. However, there is no shareholder foundation whose assets are managed by the foundation board in accordance with the purpose of the foundation. The use of the foundation property by the board of directors is supervised by the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervision Bureau. As of June, a total of foundations have established this year's hot public chain project in Switzerland, and the Swiss Foundation was also established in 2006. That's what its president said. Switzerland has dual advantages, which can strengthen the ecosystem and our global community of enthusiasts. Switzerland enjoys a high reputation in world-class supervision standards, providing the foundation with nothing. Unparalleled reputation has also opened the door for strategic partnership and enterprise-level integration to strengthen the open network. Our community will find that this move has achieved greater transparency and governance for our increasingly dynamic network. This is not only a milestone, but also a portal for the sustainable and long-term growth of ecosystems and communities. Photo source official website photo source official website Swiss Foundation's supervision of issuing coins. At present, the Swiss Financial Market Supervision Bureau has no special legislation on it, but it can issue coins. Can it involve the relevant supervision of the following fields? Under the Swiss banking law, if you accept or publicize more than one deposit from the public, you may need to apply for a banking license. However, since most of them do not involve repayment to investors, the issuance can be carried out by non-banks. Whether securities related laws are regarded as securities under Swiss law depends on its economic function. Although the issuance of securities in Switzerland is not as strict as that in countries such as the United States and China, it will still be subject to certain classification according to supervision. If the sole purpose is to grant digital access to applications or services and can actually be used in this way when they are issued, they will not be regarded as securities. If they are standardized and suitable for large-scale transactions, they will be regarded as the pre-sale stage of securities, and the right to purchase may also be regarded as securities. If stocks or bonds are publicly issued, they must be issued in the form of sales according to the prospectus. It is very important for me to apply the prospectus liability stipulated in this regulation. If the rights similar to stocks or bonds are provided, the court may apply the prospectus liability rules to the white paper. Therefore, anyone who participates in the preparation of the white paper, including consultants, may be responsible for the incorrect or misleading information contained in the white paper. In addition, the creation and issuance of derivative products in the primary market in line with securities will be controlled by the broker's license, as well as the underwriting and offering to the public. If the trading platform adopts the involuntary order matching method, it will also be regulated. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

文字格式和图片示例

注册有任何问题请添加 微信:MVIP619 拉你进入群

弹窗与图片大小一致 文章转载注明 网址:https://netpsp.com/?id=55568

美化布局示例

欧易(OKX)最新版本

【遇到注册下载问题请加文章最下面的客服微信】永久享受返佣20%手续费!

APP下载   全球官网 大陆官网

币安(Binance)最新版本

币安交易所app【遇到注册下载问题请加文章最下面的客服微信】永久享受返佣20%手续费!

APP下载   官网地址

火币HTX最新版本

火币老牌交易所【遇到注册下载问题请加文章最下面的客服微信】永久享受返佣20%手续费!

APP下载   官网地址
可以去百度分享获取分享代码输入这里。
声明

1.本站遵循行业规范,任何转载的稿件都会明确标注作者和来源;2.本站的原创文章,请转载时务必注明文章作者和来源,不尊重原创的行为我们将追究责任;3.作者投稿可能会经我们编辑修改或补充。

发表评论
平台列表
美化布局示例

欧易(OKX)

  全球官网 大陆官网

币安(Binance)

  官网

火币(HTX)

  官网

Gate.io

  官网

Bitget

  官网

deepcoin

  官网
关注我们

若遇到问题,加微信客服---清歌

搜索
排行榜
扫一扫,加我为微信好友加我为微信好友