$3万亿市值又要归零？SHA-256 碰撞攻击取得突破

The author's Chinese source recently tweeted about the hot search of overseas crypto-circles. The picture of the first feasible collision attack is a co-creation retweet in an academic conference. It seems to mean that only in such a bull market will there be such news, which really coincides with the time when the total market value of crypto-currency will return to the top trillion dollars. This breakthrough is particularly dazzling. You know, if it is really cracked, all kinds of crypto-currencies will die together, and we will also lose only shorts. Is this breakthrough really direct? The answer is true, it has really broken the new record of collision attack. This paper has been accepted by one of the three flagship conferences of cryptography. You can find it in official website and check the original title of the paper here. How to understand this breakthrough? Although it will involve a lot of cryptography knowledge, the following will help you understand it in the simplest language, and it will not involve too deep principles. You first need to know what an encryption algorithm is, which belongs to the subdivision of a series of algorithms in the title of the paper. Widely used in cryptography, digital signature data integrity verification and other fields, it is the cornerstone of modern digital security. In the blockchain industry, it can be said that it is the pillar. Mining private keys, security data release and so on are almost everywhere. Simply put, this algorithm is to convert arbitrary length input into fixed length output hash value, that is, no matter how long or short the input content is, the hash value output by the algorithm is always bits and bytes, and it is very sensitive to the input. At the same time, it is an irreversible function, which means that it is easy to get the output according to the input, but it can't get the input efficiently according to the output. For example, popular science encryption is safer, and this text will be encrypted. If I secretly change a little content in it, such as popular science encryption, it will be safe at two o'clock, and then encryption will become a completely different result. This relationship is like a human fingerprint or iris. Everyone has a unique fingerprint and iris. Therefore, we can use them to verify the identity as the hash value of the password, which is the fingerprint of the data here, and the significance of collision attack lies in finding another attack data for the fingerprint of a certain data so that it can generate the same fingerprint, so as to realize the forgery of the data. In the encryption process, it needs to go through step-by-step encryption calculation, which is the number of steps chosen by the algorithm designer after balancing security and efficiency. When we say that the collision is found in the previous step, it means that the author of the paper has passed a special method. The method finds two different inputs, which produce the same value in the internal intermediate state after the previous step, so there is a greater probability of producing the same hash value output after the remaining steps. Of course, with the increase of the number of attack steps, the difficulty of finding the input pairs that meet the collision conditions usually increases exponentially, because more internal state changes and propagation effects need to be considered in the collision analysis with each additional step, which greatly increases the complexity of calculation and analysis. Therefore, you may think that the distance to crack is only half, but it is actually a lot worse. Moreover, the hash value of bitcoin block is the process of generating public key and address through the private key obtained by twice calculating the block header information, and the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used. Therefore, there is still a long way to go to tamper with bitcoin block information at will and attack the private key. For bitcoin mining, it is essentially to find a hash value that meets certain conditions. This process needs to pass. Repeatedly trying different values to achieve the goal, only when the qualified hash value can be found more easily can the collision theoretically reduce the difficulty of mining, thus affecting the workload proof mechanism of Bitcoin. The success of the collision attack does not mean that it can directly affect the difficulty of mining, unless the collision attack can speed up the process of finding such a specific hash value in some way, the direct impact on mining is limited. What if it is really cracked? This will inevitably lead to a crisis of trust in global digital security. Security will collapse first, and all kinds of banking systems and government agencies may stop the trillion-dollar market value of cryptocurrency urgently, which may seem insignificant here. Of course, fortunately, cryptocurrency is bifurcated and upgraded. For Bitcoin, this terrible situation definitely needs to be improved by Bitcoin and the hard bifurcated upgrade algorithm. These issues have been widely discussed in the community for a long time, and there are many alternatives. Even if quantum computing breaks through, there will be corresponding anti-quantum. In a word, the algorithm has broken through, but not much. We just made a little progress on the previous research. This is of course a breakthrough academically, which is very worthy of attention. Although there is still a big gap from the destructive cracking, the impact on cryptocurrencies in the short term may be limited. Bitcoin and various cryptocurrencies are still safe. For any security-sensitive digital system, it is very important to be alert to the new cryptographic research results. If there is any, Prove that the algorithm has serious weaknesses in practice, which may have a major impact on Bitcoin, including but not limited to the loss of trust and the change of security protocols. I believe that Bitcoin developers and everyone in the community will closely monitor the situation and prepare for security upgrades when necessary. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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