为何Solana近期严重拥堵 交易总是失败？

From the user's point of view, there are essentially three things that may happen when they make a transaction, such as successful execution without any mistakes, but failed to pay, but the execution returned an error. This happens when the conditions may not be met, such as the goods they try to buy are sold out or the price changes very quickly, which leads to the slip point exceeding, and so on. The discarded transaction does not appear anywhere, in this case. Not reaching the block, which is what most users see at present, is a network layer problem rather than a consensus implementation problem. Now you may ask what is the network layer, but later we will discuss these discarded transactions and why they are the main reasons for the recent network congestion. First, let us know how the failed transactions come about, because it is very important to understand why the failed transactions are not the main problem. You will be surprised to find that only about these failed transactions are carried out by actual users. The rest are failed arbitrage transactions carried out by robots on the chain. Arbitrators send spam on the chain because the cost of spam is very small compared with the final return of successful arbitrage. For example, they can send spam to the chain many times a day, which will cost them hundreds of dollars. Because the cost is low, they only need to complete one transaction to earn more than 10,000 dollars. Therefore, it is worth noting that these failed transactions do not mean that the blockchain is failing. These are only a few robot transactions that failed because the transaction conditions did not meet. This is not the reason why the user experience is not good now. In fact, the transaction failure rate has remained around since last month. If you look back at the chart of failure and success listed above, you will find that it was similar before. Now let's discuss the main reasons for the congestion in the past few days. As mentioned earlier in this paper, these transactions failed to reach the block and due to network layer problems. The discarded network layer is the communication layer of the Internet, which is used to send data packets from one connection to another. For example, it has recently been upgraded to be its network layer, which helps to establish connections between users and blocks. Because of continuous block production and no memory pool, losing connections will mean that it will not fall on blocks, so that blocks can disconnect some users or limit their rates according to certain standards, so blocks can now disconnect some connections during high demand. This new architecture can prevent downtime during the increase of network activity. Although it may be blocked and unusable, at least it won't be down this time, so you may ask why it is so bad if everything is designed so well. Therefore, the problem is that although blocks can restrict some connections now, the logic of restricting connections is poorly implemented and there are errors. In order to better understand this situation, let's imagine that each block has a connection that can communicate with it. Now it starts at the peak of activity. It is the time when a block can choose to give up some connections. However, at present, these connections will not be discarded according to the set standards, such as discarding all connections with lower fees, but randomly discarding them. In essence, to win, you must send more spam than others, and because there are many robots sending spam to the network through connection requests, it is becoming more and more difficult for ordinary users to establish connections and complete transactions. This is the main point of the problem, such as the sum from. When the team is trying to provide repairs to the network layer, these patches are being released as I write. It is said that some major patches will be released in the next few weeks, so will this solve the problem? Well, it is not entirely that there is still a long way to go. There is a reason why we cannot guarantee the efficiency of the current repair measures in preventing the next congestion problem. Only when we see its actual effect can we know that it is indeed possible to solve these problems, but online spam will not appear until the end of this year. There are many problems in the transaction economy of this issue, and it is impossible to prevent bad actors from sending spam to the chain. Finally, I want to end with such a sentence. I believe that we are struggling to defend the correct trade-off, just as Ethereum has got rid of its due problems. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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