技术解析Artela：为什么“并行EVM”关乎以太坊EVM生态的存续之战？

The author, an independent researcher, recently invested a huge round of financing of billions of dollars, which aroused strong concern in the market for parallelism. So what problems did parallelism solve? What is the bottleneck and key to the development of parallelism? In my opinion, parallelism is the last battle for the chain to meet the high-performance chain, which is related to the survival of the Ethereum ecology. Next, let's talk about my understanding. Because Ethereum virtual machines can only trade in series, the chain and compatible chains are also subject to corresponding performance constraints, because everyone is essentially basic. Dealing with states and transactions in the same framework, however, the high-performance nature of equality has the advantage of parallelism. Under this background, if the gene chain wants to face the impact of high-performance public chain, it is necessary to make up for the inherent deficiency of parallelism. How to do it? I will take the new parallel chain as an example to explain the enhanced chain represented by equality, which will be greatly improved on the basis of high compatibility and can give the parallel ability of transactions in a quasi-environment. Such independent parallel chains are independent. However, they will still aim at compatibility and expanding ecology, which is equivalent to reconstructing the chain by changing lineages and serving the expansion compatible chain represented by ecological equivalence. They can use the independent consensus and transaction preprocessing ability of the chain to screen and process the transaction status before large-scale transactions are sent to the main network, and at the same time, they can choose the execution layer of any other chain to finally determine the transaction status, which is equivalent to abstracting it into a pluggable execution module, and can choose the best execution as needed. The layer further realizes the parallel ability, but this kind of scheme can serve the equivalent chain represented by equality in the framework category. They realize the parallel processing ability to a certain extent, but only optimize the algorithm layer, but not the deep consensus layer and storage layer. Therefore, this kind of parallel ability can be regarded as a specific and not completely solved parallel problem, and the differential parallel chain represented by equality is not realized to some extent, but is inherently possessed. The high concurrent execution ability comes into contact with it, and then it is compatible with the environment through some middleware or code analysis. We think that's the case with Ethereum. Because of its language and account abstraction, it also has parallel ability, but its compatibility needs a special pipeline. The parallel ability of these chains basically has this problem. Each of the above four schemes has its own emphasis, such as the flexibility of modular combination execution layer chain with parallel ability, while the chain highlights the customization characteristics of specific functions. As for the compatibility characteristics of other non-chains, there is only one enhanced track to completely consolidate the ecology and change the parallel ability from the bottom. What is the key to making an enhanced parallel public chain? How can we rebuild the chain and serve the ecology? There are two key points to access the disk to read and output information. Because reading and writing data takes time, it is only simple to sort and schedule transactions, but it cannot fundamentally improve the parallel processing ability. It needs to be introduced. Caching data slicing and even distributed storage technology, etc. balance the reading speed and the possibility of state conflict from the basic state storage and reading process, have efficient network communication data synchronization algorithms, optimize virtual machines, and optimize various components in the consensus mechanism layer such as separation of computing and tasks, etc., and need to take the lead and comprehensively optimize and improve the whole body from all aspects such as the underlying component architecture and cooperation process, and finally promote the ability of parallel transactions with fast response, controllable calculation consumption and high accuracy. Specific to the parallel chain project itself, what technical innovation and framework optimization should be done to achieve parallelism? In order to completely realize the parallel ability of resource coordination and optimization from the bottom architecture layer, elastic computing and elastic block space are introduced. How to understand it? The elastic computing network can dynamically allocate and adjust computing resources according to demand and load, and the elastic block space can dynamically adjust the block size according to the number of transactions and data size in the network. The working principle of the whole elastic design is just like the shopping mall automatically sensing the flow of people. As mentioned earlier, the performance of disk reading is very important for parallelism, and the parallel ability of equal chain through algorithm can also improve the efficiency by times, but it is only the optimization of algorithm layer, and its consensus layer and storage layer have not been deeply optimized. What will the real deep optimization be like? For this reason, it draws lessons from the database technology scheme and improves both state reading and writing, in which the log technology before writing is gone in the state of writing, and when the state changes to be written, the change is recorded in the log first. And submit it to the memory, it can be considered that the writing operation is completed. In fact, it realizes the asynchronization of the operation, avoids the immediate writing operation on the disk when the state changes, and thus reduces the operation on the disk. The reading of the state is essentially asynchronous, which improves the reading efficiency through the preloading strategy. According to the contract history execution record, it predicts which states will be used for the next specific contract call and loads them into the memory in advance, thus improving the efficiency of the disk request. In short, this is a general method. An algorithm of exchanging memory space for execution time can fundamentally improve the parallel processing ability of virtual machines, which can be regarded as fundamentally optimizing the state conflict problem. In addition, it can better manage complexity and improve development efficiency by introducing modular programming ability, and enhance programming flexibility by introducing code analysis. At the same time, it also has the bottom access rights to realize the security isolation of the execution layer, which enables developers to efficiently develop, debug and deploy smart contracts in a new environment to activate development. The customization and expansion ability of users, especially developers, will also be encouraged to optimize the code in the direction of parallelism in the code layer of smart contracts. After all, to reduce the probability of state conflict, the calling logic and algorithm of every smart contract are particularly critical. It is not difficult to see that the concept of parallelism is essentially to optimize the execution process of transaction state, claiming that it can achieve transactions per second, and its technical core is nothing more than the developer friendliness of special databases, delaying the implementation of consensus superscalar pipeline technology and so on. To achieve the parallel processing of large-scale transactions, which is not much different from the essential logic of elastic computing and asynchronous operation, but what I actually want to express is that this kind of high-performance parallel chain is actually the result of integrating products and technical forces, and it does adopt the essence of technical processing under high traffic and load from time to time in mature application markets. If we look at a distant future, parallelism is indeed the foundation of ecology, and it is reasonable that it can be affected by the capital market. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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