一文全面读懂比特币Runes协议

币圈资讯 阅读:26 2024-04-22 02:34:04 评论:0
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作者:CB Spears,比特币加速主义者;翻译:比特币买卖交易网xiaozou

1、Runes比你想象的更加有趣

你可能对Casey Rodarmor的Runes构想已有所耳闻,Runes是一个热门的NFT标准,Casey在发布比特币Ordinals所用的同一客户端实现了该标准。Casey的想法直接回应了市场对比特币可替代代币的明确需求,改善并解决了许多Bitcoiners(包括Casey在内)对BRC-20等现有标准提出的一些问题。Casey将在4月比特币减半(840,000区块高度)时发布他的Runes代币标准。这可能会大幅增加比特币矿工的费用,在他们最需要的时候!

大多数Runes投机者主要关心的是空投挖矿,对协议的工作原理知之甚少。然而,如果你有些许了解,就和我一起深入到Runes的兔子洞一探究竟吧。

2、Runes在比特币的UTXO模型下运作

大多数Runes degens都知道Runes和BRC-20之间的基本区别。“它们比BRC-20更适合比特币”这句话通常来说是正确的,因为最好不要在比特币上增加UTXO集(更多的UTXO会使运行节点变得更加困难/更加昂贵)。在过去的一年里,铭文UTXO集增加了一倍,其中大部分是永远无用的——它们是“死”的BRC-20铸币/转让铭文。

7JUKU4lCm7ShZzXKuSGMrv4JYrIwyzmZl1HFhTzK.jpeg

Runes操作(铸币、转让等价物)不会产生剩余的无用UTXO。这是对BRC-20的一个非常简单直接的改进。我了解到市场并不是特别关心技术改进,所以我很高兴市场对Runes热情高涨,即使这是出于投机原因,希望这样的市场情绪能推动网络的总体改进!

3、Runes改善了索引问题?

BRC-20是一种以账户为基础的模型,这意味着你的余额与你的比特币地址挂钩。而Runes的情况是,你的余额是与你的UTXO绑定在一起的。这就是说,想要获得你的个人余额,你不必验证所有BRC-20的全部状态,只需要验证你拥有的UTXO及以前的UTXO,所以理论上,你可以拥有非常轻量级的Runes客户端,甚至可以将其与“utreexo”相结合,这是一个有趣的技术,支持在移动设备上运行Bitcoin Core轻客户端。

这对索引Runes的状态有很大的影响。基本上,我相信它将允许很多用户自我验证他们的Runes交易,这意味着困扰BRC-20生态的“去中心化索引器”问题得到了极大的改善。对于最终用户来说,Runes状态证明更容易验证,甚至可能在他们自己的轻量级设备上就可以验证。

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4、Runes或可与L2s/比特币扩展兼容

因为Runes是基于UTXO模型的,这实际上使它与许多比特币L2s(如闪电网络)或像MercuryLayer这样的状态链有非常好的互操作性。从理论上讲,使用比特币UTXO模型的扩展解决方案将与Runes原生兼容。

我们知道比特币的费用会越来越高。在这种情况下,直接在比特币L1上进行快速交易可能会变得非常昂贵。想象一下,在L1上铸造或转移小额BRC-20不再具有合理的经济性,那么这种可替代代币的交易量将会转移到其他地方。与比特币UTXO模型原生兼容的扩展解决方案将比现有的BRC-20扩展模型(如Unisat提出的黑/白模块系统)具有显著的设计优势。

5、Runes支付你的比特币交易费

Rijndael在最近的Gwart Show中提出了一个疯狂的想法,那就是:从理论上讲,你可以让别人支付你的比特币交易费来换取你的Runes。Rijndael的理论是,如果你的一笔交易有两项输出,其中一项是比特币支付,另一项包含一枚Rune,但该Rune是“任何人都可以消费的”,那么就会有人为了“获取”该Rune而为整个交易付费。在这种情况下,你可以以较低的费用进行交易,甚至是不用付费,而其他人则为你的交易支付费用获取Rune。这实际上是让Runes为你的比特币交易买单。

这个想法可能会被归类为“MEV”,这是比特币领域里的一个热门话题,可能会对比特币的激励机制产生一些非常有趣的影响。

6、疯狂的想法:契约+Runes

有各种契约提案正获得越来越多的支持,例如OP_CAT或OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY(“CTV”)。这些提案允许用户“共享”UTXOs。与UTXO兼容的Runes可以利用其中的一些建议。让我们设想一下这些概念中哪怕只有一个能与Runes标准相结合。

Runes“口香糖机”:

这只是一个粗略的想法。对于像CTV这样的契约来说,用户可以预先为Runes转账交易提供资金,这样任何人都可以从契约中“购买”Runes。有2个输入,第一个输入是契约,第二个输入是用户付款,我们删除了交易的签名要求,这样任何人都可以使用。这样一来,两个输出如下:第一个输出是Runes转账OP_RETURN,将一些Runes发送给“付款人”(第二个输入),剩余的Runes发送给第二个输出。第二个输出是原始交易契约的递归契约(我的用语可能不太准确)。通过这种方式,用户可以像口香糖机一样吐出Runes。

E9gZkJELhfPRzg6jjBojLmZPkI1gHNlydJus7ndd.jpeg如果你认为Runes口香糖机的想法很酷,那么你应该大体了解一下各个契约。我特别推荐的是OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY,但或许你也可以一开始访问Taproot Wizards Quantum Cats中的“BIP Land”页面!


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