技术解析Artela：为什么“并行EVM”关乎以太坊EVM生态的存续之战？

最近，Paradigm将近2.25亿美元投资Monad，引起市场对“并行EVM”的极大关注。那么，“并行EVM”到底解决了什么问题？发展并行EVM的瓶颈和关键是什么？ 在我看来，“并行EVM”是以太坊EVM链迎接高性能layer1链挑战的最后一战，关乎以太坊EVM生态的存续之战。接下来，让我们探讨一下我的理解。 由于以太坊EVM虚拟机只能“串行”处理交易，这让EVM-Compatible layer1链和EVM兼容的layer2链都面临性能上的局限，因为它们都基于同一套框架处理状态和交易。然而，像Solana、Sui、Aptos等以高性能为主打的layer1链天生具有并行处理的优势。在这个背景下，想要应对高性能layer1链的挑战，具有EVM基因的链必须增强其“并行”能力。针对这个问题，涉及到的技术原理和细节，我将以新兴的并行EVM链Artela Network为例展开说明。 一些主打强化型EVM layer1链，如Monad、Artela、SEI等，他们在高度兼容EVM的基础上提高了TPS，并赋予了交易在拟EVM环境下的并行处理能力。这些独立的并行EVM layer1链具有独立的共识机制和技术特性，但仍致力于兼容并拓展EVM生态。 另一方面，一些扩容型layer2 EVM兼容链，如Eclipse、MegaETH等，通过独立的共识和交易预处理能力，在大量交易被批量传输至主网前对交易状态进行筛选和处理，并最终选择其他任意链的执行层来确认交易状态。这种方法将EVM抽象成一个可插拔的执行模块，根据需要选择最佳执行层，实现了并行能力。 在此之外，一些等效型Alt-layer1链，如Polygon、BSC，在一定程度上实现了EVM的并行处理能力，但只是进行了算法层的优化，没有深层次的共识层和存储层优化。最后，则是一些差异型Non-EVM并行链，如Aptos、Sui、Fuel，它们在一定程度上并非EVM链，而是在先天具有高并发执行能力的基础上通过某种方式兼容EVM环境。 以上四种方案各有侧重，但真正要巩固EVM生态并从底层改变并行能力的，只剩下强化型EVM layer1链。 那么，做强化型并行EVM layer1公链的关键是什么？如何能在重构EVM链的同时服务于EVM生态？关键点有两个： 1、改善state I/O磁盘读取和输出信息的能力，通过引入缓存、数据切片和分布式存储技术，从根本上平衡读取速度和状态冲突的可能性； 2、提高网络通信效率、数据同步、算法优化、虚拟机强化，以及将计算和IO任务分离等共识机制的组件优化，从底层组件架构到协作流程的全面优化。 具体到并行EVM layer1链项目本身，需要哪些技术创新和框架优化来实现“并行EVM”呢？为了从底层架构层彻底实现资源协调和优化的“并行EVM”能力，Artela引入了弹性计算和弹性区块空间的概念。弹性计算允许网络根据需求和负载动态分配和调整计算资源；弹性区块空间则根据交易数量和数据大小动态调整区块大小。这种弹性设计可以提升交易状态的执行效率，类似于商场自动感应人流量调整工作的手扶梯。 总之，“并行EVM”概念的本质是优化交易状态的执行过程。Monad号称每秒可处理10,000笔交易，技术核心在于专用数据库、开发者友好度、延迟执行共识和超标量流水线技术等方面，来实现大规模交易的并行处理。这类高性能并行EVM链融入了web2产品和技术力，充分利用了在高负载下处理技术的精髓。 在一个遥远的Mass Adoption未来，”并行EVM“将是面向web2更广泛市场的基础infra，资本市场对此如此看好也就不足为奇。

Recently, the investment of nearly 100 million dollars has aroused great concern in the market. So what problems has parallelism solved? What is the bottleneck and key to the development of parallelism? In my opinion, parallelism is the last battle for Ethereum chain to meet the challenge of high-performance chain, which is related to the survival of Ethereum ecology. Next, let's discuss my understanding. Because Ethereum virtual machines can only process transactions in series, both chains and compatible chains face performance limitations, because they are all based on the same set of framework to handle status and transactions. However, In this context, in order to meet the challenge of high-performance chains, chains with genes must enhance their parallel ability. In view of the technical principles and details involved in this problem, I will take emerging parallel chains as an example to explain some main enhanced chains, such as they have improved and given the parallel processing ability of transactions in a quasi-environment on the basis of high compatibility. These independent parallel chains have independent consensus mechanisms and technical characteristics, but On the other hand, some expansion compatible chains, such as, screen and process the transaction status before a large number of transactions are transmitted to the main network in batches through independent consensus and transaction preprocessing ability, and finally select the execution layer of any other chain to confirm the transaction status. This method will be abstracted into a pluggable execution module, and the optimal execution layer will be selected as needed to achieve parallel capability. In addition, some equivalent chains, such as the parallel processing capability, have been achieved to some extent. Only the algorithm layer is optimized, but there is no deep consensus layer and storage layer optimization. Finally, there are some differential parallel chains, such as they are not chains to a certain extent, but are compatible with the environment in some way on the basis of innate high concurrent execution ability. The above four schemes have their own emphasis, but only the enhanced chain is left to really consolidate the ecology and change the parallel ability from the bottom. What is the key to making an enhanced parallel public chain? How can we serve the ecological key points while reconstructing the chain? Improve the ability of reading and outputting information on disk by introducing cache data slicing and distributed storage technology to fundamentally balance the possibility of reading speed and state conflict, improve the efficiency of network communication, optimize data synchronization algorithm, strengthen virtual machines, and optimize components of consensus mechanisms such as separation of computing and tasks, from the overall optimization of the underlying component architecture to the collaborative process, and specifically to the parallel chain project itself. What technical innovations and framework optimization are needed to achieve parallelism in order to completely realize the information from the underlying architecture layer? The parallel ability of source coordination and optimization introduces the concepts of elastic computing and elastic block space. Elastic computing allows the network to dynamically allocate and adjust computing resources according to the demand and load, while elastic block space dynamically adjusts the block size according to the number of transactions and the size of data. This elastic design can improve the execution efficiency of transaction status, similar to the escalator that automatically senses traffic adjustment in shopping malls. In short, the essence of parallel concept is to optimize the execution process of transaction status, which is called transaction technology that can be processed every second. The core of the technology lies in the developer's friendliness of special database, delaying the implementation of consensus and superscalar pipeline technology to realize the parallel processing of large-scale transactions. This kind of high-performance parallel chain integrates products and technical strength and makes full use of the essence of processing technology under high load. It is not surprising that parallel will be the basic capital market facing a wider market in the distant future. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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