多地关停比特币“矿场”，全网算力大减四成；显卡降价在即？
《中国经济周刊》记者 王秉阳 | 北京报道
Chinese Economic Weekly, journalist Wang Qingyang Beijing
继内蒙古、云南、新疆、青海等地之后，比特币挖矿大省之一、水电资源丰富的四川也开始加入整肃虚拟货币队伍，出台关闭加密货币挖矿活动的通知。
Following the territories of Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Qinghai, one of the provinces of Bitcoin, Sichuan, which is rich in hydropower resources, has also begun to join the complete virtual currency team and has issued a notice of closure of the encrypt currency mining activities.
四川省发改委和能源局日前下发了一份关于清理关停虚拟货币“挖矿”的通知，要求完成重点对象甄别关停、开展发电企业自查自纠等。通知要求，对国家电网四川电力公司已排查上报的26个疑似虚拟货币“挖矿”项目，要在6月20日前完成甄别清理关停；中央在川发电企业和省属发电企业要自查自纠，立即停止向该类项目供电。
The Sichuan Provincial Development and Change Commission and the Energy Authority have recently issued a circular on clearing off the virtual currency & ldquo; mining & rdquo; and requiring that priority target screening be completed and that self-reconciliation by the power generating companies be carried out. The circular requires that 26 suspect virtual currencies & ldquo; mining & rdquo, which have been reported to the National Electricity Network Sichuan Power Company, be checked; the project be closed by 20 June; and that the central power generation enterprise and provincial power generation companies in Kawai immediately stop supplying electricity to this type of project on their own.
另外，通知要求各市（州）要立即开展拉网式排查，对排查发现的虚拟货币“挖矿”项目立即关停，同时严禁以各类名义批复该类项目。
In addition, the circular requires municipalities (states) to immediately conduct a grid check of the detected virtual currency & ldquao; mine mining & rdquao; and to shut down the project immediately, while strictly prohibiting the approval of the type of project in the name of all types.
有数据显示，此前在四川省大约有 800万千瓦的负荷被用于加密货币挖矿。
Data show that approximately 8 million kilowatts of the load in Sichuan Province were previously used for encrypted currency mining.
6月20日凌晨，四川所有比特币等虚拟货币矿机被集体断电。
In the early hours of 20 June, all virtual currency machines such as Bitcoin in Sichuan were collectively powered out.
《中国经济周刊》记者6月21日在btc.com查询结果显示，目前全网算力为117.68 EH/s（即每秒可进行117.68乘以10的18次方次哈希运算），相比历史最高点5月13日的197.61EH/s已经跌去40.5%。
The results of the interview with the Chinese Economic Weekly journalist in btc.com on 21 June show that the full Web capacity is currently 117.68 EH/s (i.e., an 18-square factor of 10 times 117.68 per second), which is 40.5 per cent below the historical peak of 197.61 EH/s on 13 May.
不仅四川，此前多地已对虚拟货币“挖矿”行为出手。
Not only Sichuan, but many of them have done something about virtual currency & & ldquao; mining & rdquao; behaviour.
全面熄火
Full shutdown
一个月来，我国对于挖矿行为的监管政策密集出台。
Over the past month, our regulatory policy on mining has been intense.
5月21日，国务院金融稳定发展委员会召开的第五十一次会议提出：“打击比特币挖矿和交易行为，坚决防范个体风险向社会领域传递。”
At its fifty-first meeting, held on 21 May, the Council of State's Committee on Development of Financial Stability proposed: & ldquo; combating the mining and trading of bitcoin and firmly preventing the transfer of individual risks to the social sphere. & & rdquo;
一石激起千层浪，政策的传导只是时间问题。
One stone provokes thousands of waves, and the transmission of policy is only a matter of time.
5月25日，内蒙古发改委发布关于对《内蒙古自治区发展和改革委员会关于坚决打击惩戒虚拟货币“挖矿”行为八项措施（征求意见稿）》，明确将对工业园区、数据中心、自备电厂、大数据中心、云计算企业、通讯企业、互联网企业、网吧等挖矿场地和主体进行监管。
On 25 May, the Inner Mongolia Development and Reform Commission (NAMRC) issued a report on the implementation of the " Commission for the Development and Reform of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for the resolute fight against the punishment of the virtual currency & ldquo; mining & rdquo; eight measures of conduct (draft for comments) ", which will clearly regulate mining sites and subjects such as industrial parks, data centres, self-contained power plants, large data centres, cloud computing enterprises, communications enterprises, Internet enterprises, cybercafes, etc.
6月9日，青海省工业和信息化厅发布《关于全面关停虚拟货币“挖矿”项目的通知》，要求开展清理整顿。严禁各地区立项、批复各类虚拟货币“挖矿”项目，对现有的各类虚拟货币“挖矿”项目全面关停。同时，坚决查处纠正以大数据、超算中心等名义立项但从事虚拟货币“挖矿”的项目主体。
On 9 June, the Department of Industry and Informatics of Qinghai Province issued a circular on the complete closure of the virtual currency & ldquo; mining & rdquo; the project, which calls for clean-up. Districts are strictly prohibited from setting up and approving various types of virtual currency & & ldquao; mining & rdquao; project, for existing types of virtual currency & & ldquo; mining & rdquao; project shutdown. At the same time, it is determined to correct the subject of the project, which is established in the name of big data, centres of overcalculation, etc. but is engaged in virtual currency & & ldquao; mining & & rdquao;
6月12日，云南省能源局办公室人士确认，根据通知要求及时组织各用电部门开展联合检查，在今年6月底完成比特币挖矿企业用电清理整顿，严肃查处比特币挖矿企业依托发电企业、未经许可私搭私接用电、逃废国家输配电费、基金以及附加牟利的违法行为，一经发现，立即中止供电；严肃查处发电企业未经许可，利用所发电量私自向比特币挖矿企业供电谋取不正当利益的违法行为；严肃查处比特币挖矿企业用电安全隐患，一经发现，立即责令关停整改。
On 12 June, officials from the Yunnan Energy Department confirmed that, in accordance with the circulars, joint inspections were organized in a timely manner by the various electricity departments to complete the electrical clean-up of the Bitcoin mining enterprise at the end of June this year, and serious investigations were carried out into the illegal conduct of the Bitcoin mining enterprise on the basis of the Toto Power Enterprise, the unauthorized private transfer of electricity, the evasion of the State transmission and distribution fees, the fund and the additional profit-making charges, as soon as it was discovered; serious investigations were carried out into the illegal use of the electricity generated by the electricity-producing enterprise to use the amount of the electricity generated in private to the Bitcoin mining enterprise in order to obtain unjust benefits; and serious investigations were conducted into the danger of the use of electricity by the Bitcoin mining enterprise and, as soon as it was discovered, it was ordered to suspend the correction.
据媒体报道，在全球比特币算力分布中，中国以65.08％的算力占比占据首位，位居第二的美国仅有7.24％的算力占比。具体到国内，算力分布位居前四的省份全部位于西部：新疆、四川、内蒙古、云南。
According to media reports, China ranks first in the global Bitcoin power distribution at 65.08%, and only 7.24% in the second-highest United States. Specifically, all the provinces with the highest four levels of power distribution are in the west: Xinjiang, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan.
业内人士指出，加强对于以比特币为代表的加密货币的监管，很可能意味着国内加密货币挖矿行业全面“熄火”。
Industry sources point out that increased regulation of encrypted currency, represented by bitcoin, is likely to mean a full-scale &ldquao of the domestic crypto-money mining industry; a fire-out & rdquao;
化解风险
Addressing Risks >/strang
我国加强对于数字货币的监管，背后有着深刻的动因。
We are deeply motivated by the strengthening of our regulation of digital currencies.
从单价9000美元到超过6.4万美元，再到一度跌破3万美元，加密货币比特币在一年时间里走出“过山车”行情。网上流传着很多币圈的“造富神话”，但是更多的是普通人常年积累的财富被“割韭菜”的案例。
From US$ 9,000 to more than US$ 64,000 per unit, to a one-time collapse of US$ 30,000, the encoded currency bitcoin exits & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, in a year's time. There's a lot of currency & & & & & & & & & & & & &, &,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
分析人士指出，以比特币、以太币和瑞波币为代表的加密货币并没有主权信用背书，是通过算法生成的。因此，加密货币能不能称为货币，在业内存在较大争议。
Analysts have pointed out that encrypted currencies, represented by bitcoin, Tai and Ribo, do not have sovereign credit endorsements and are generated through algorithms. As a result, there is much debate in the industry as to whether encrypted currencies can be called currencies.
有市场分析人士认为，虚拟货币在流动性泛滥的市场环境下获得暴涨，但由于缺乏价值支撑，同时面临监管趋严和政策转向等因素影响，暴涨暴跌行情或难避免。
According to market analysts, virtual currencies have surged in a volatile market environment, but because of a lack of value support and the influence of regulatory tightening and policy shifts, surges or falls have been difficult to avoid.
“充其量就是一种特定的虚拟商品，不应成为投机炒作的标的。”专家指出，不少“空气币”发行技术模糊，发行上限不确定。
& & ldquo; is at best a specific virtual commodity and should not be the subject of speculation. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &,, & &,, & & & &,,,,,,, &,,,,,,,, &,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
业内人士介绍，在缺乏监管的情况下，普通投资者的影响力与机构和庄家也极其不对等，极易被“庄家”操纵价格，更大的概率是任人宰割。更有甚者，轻信币圈“造富神话”，加杠杆进行加密货币投资，市场波动对于个人、家庭来说会产生不可承受的风险和损失。如果基数巨大，则会累积成社会风险。此前提到的“打击比特币挖矿和交易行为，坚决防范个体风险向社会领域传递”，意即在此。
In the absence of regulation, the influence of ordinary investors is extremely different from that of institutions and estates, and they are extremely vulnerable to “ dealer & & rdquo; price manipulation, with a greater probability of being cut off. Even more so, the & & ldquo, the myth of wealth & & rdquo; the leveraging of encrypted money investments, with market volatility, can create unaffordable risks and losses for individuals and families. If the base is large, it can accumulate social risks. & & & & & rdquao, as mentioned earlier, fight against bitco mining and trading, firmly guard against individual risks passing & & rdquao to the social sphere, which is meant to be here.
虚拟货币交易炒作带来的风险，我国监管部门不仅多次出台相关文件，要求各金融机构和支付机构不得开展与比特币相关的业务，还叫停各类代币发行融资，开展专项整治。目前，我国虚拟货币交易平台和首次代币发行（ICO）交易平台已基本肃清。
In addition to the risks associated with virtual currency transactions, our regulatory authorities have repeatedly issued documents that require financial institutions and payment agencies to refrain from doing business related to bitcoin, and to suspend the issuance of funds in various currencies for specific purposes. At present, our virtual money exchange platform and the ICO platform have been largely cleared.
比特币总数量有限制，具有稀缺性，因此受到一些人的追捧。但比特币等虚拟货币匿名、难追查、无国界等特征，也成了犯罪分子理想的洗钱途径。
The total amount of bitcoin is limited and scarce, and is therefore well received by some. But virtual currency, such as bitcoin, is anonymous, difficult to trace, and without borders, which is also the ideal money-laundering route for criminals.
另外，很多平台把服务器放置在境外，境内行骗、境外数钱，还有不少交易平台从事跨境洗钱，逃避外汇监管，资本外逃提供了绿色通道。
In addition, many platforms place servers outside their borders, cheat on their territory, spend money abroad, and many trading platforms engage in cross-border money-laundering, escape foreign exchange controls, and the flight of capital provides a green route.
面对加密货币的这些属性，各国货币监管机构普遍认为，加密货币用算法隐藏了使用者的身份、行踪，为非法活动提供便利。同时加密货币杠杆率极高，给金融体系带来风险。
Faced with these attributes of encrypted currency, national money regulators are generally of the view that encryption currency algorithms hide users’ identities, whereabouts, and facilitate illegal activities. At the same time, encryption currency leverage is extremely high, posing risks to the financial system.
业内人士认为，本轮我国加强对于数字货币的挖矿和交易行为的打击，是顺应世界对于数字货币监管的共识和新要求。
Industry believes that the intensification of our fight against the mining and trading of digital money in this round is a response to the world's consensus and new requirements for digital currency regulation.
也有人分析，虚拟货币挖矿需要大量的“矿机”，即显卡。近一段时间以来，显卡大幅度涨价也与“挖矿”有较强的关系。此次大规模关停“矿场”，市场上或迎来一大波二手显卡转让潮，对显卡价格波动可能有较大的影响。
It has also been analysed that virtual currency mining requires a large amount of “ miner & rdquo; i.e. a visible card. In recent times, a significant increase in the price of the card has also been associated with & & & & & rdquo; a stronger relationship. This massive shutdown & & & & & rdquo; a large wave of second-hand card transfer in the market or in the wake of a wave of second-hand card price volatility could have a greater impact on the price volatility of the card.
责编 | 周琦
Mr. Zhou Qi.
版式 | 孙珍兰
Sun Jelenan.
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(The copyright is owned by the China Economic Weekly magazine and no media, website or individual may reproduce, extract, link, transfer or otherwise use it without authorization.
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