赚疯的比特币矿工，是怎么逼死网吧老板的？
文丨墨菲
Man-Murphy.
加密货币，近期陷入疯狂。
Encrypted currency, ravished in recent times.
据媒体报道，近期，全球加密货币市值已经超过了1000亿美元；而由剑桥创新金融中心发布的报告显示，已经有超过300万人正在积极挖掘、积累和储存加密货币。
According to media reports, the global market value of encrypted currencies has recently exceeded $100 billion, while reports released by the Cambridge Center for Innovative Finance indicate that more than 3 million people are actively digging, accumulating and storing encrypted currencies.
而翘楚比特币，更是跌宕。
And Chewbitcoin, even worse.
6月11日，比特币价格创造了3000美元的历史新高；6月16日，比特币市值暴跌19%；目前，国内比特币价格在19000元上下徘徊。
On 11 June, the price of Bitcoin created a record high of $3,000; on 16 June, the market value of Bitcoin fell sharply by 19 per cent; and the domestic price of Bitcoin is currently at $19,000.
尽管在外界看来，这些数字过于惊心动魄。但对于长期持有比特币的玩家而言，恐怕已经习惯了这种过山车般的刺激，并且对比特币保持整体上扬的曲线信心十足。
These figures, though overwhelming in the eyes of the outside world, are probably used to the mountain-cruising stimuli for long-standing Bitcoin players, and the amount of confidence that Bitcoin maintains the overall upward curve is strong.
越来越多的玩家了解、进入加密货币的世界，有布道者，有投机分子，也有理性的投资人。
More and more players understand and enter the world of encrypted currency, with sermons, speculators and rational investors.
不过，不管是为了一夜暴富的投机，还是追求自由的信仰，在以比特币为首的疯狂加密货币之外，在这个数字世界搭建之前，已经造成了一个啼笑皆非的影响：另外一批虚拟世界的人，成为“受害者”。
However, whether for the sake of one-night speculation or the faith of freedom, beyond the insanely encrypted currency headed by bitcoin, before the creation of this world, there was a cynic effect: another virtual world became a “victim”.
01显卡奇缺
♪ 01 strang ♪ Manchuria is missing ♪ ♪/ strong ♪
上周，一张截图在朋友圈流传：
Last week, a screenshot was circulated among friends:
矿工和网吧老板，因为共同的硬件“显卡”，被强制捆绑在一起。
Miners and Internet café owners are forced to be tied together because of common hardware “light cards”.
抱怨的，不止是网吧老板。许多游戏发烧友，原本计划在618大促中购买物美价廉的显卡，结果却是：大部分显卡价格上涨，有些甚至直接缺货。游戏主播“天策麻花”，特别提醒玩家们，暂时挑选一款二手显卡凑合。
It's not just the Internet cafe owner who complains. Many of the games have fever friends who were planning to buy cheap cards at the 618s, and the result is that most of the cards are up in prices and some are even missing. The game host, "Amazes", reminds the players, in particular, to choose a second-hand card for the time being.
毕竟，单兵作战的游戏玩家，拼不过一掷千金的矿工们。
After all, single-man gamers can't beat a thousand gold miners.
（图片来源：微博，我不可能永远都只是一条狗）
(photo: Weibo, I can't always be just a dog)
“各位矿工大佬行行好”、“炒价就服矿工”、“显卡疯长是人性的缺失还是矿工的盲目”、玩家们调侃、抱怨之声，充斥网络。
"Good behavior of the miners," "Found for the price", "What's the lack of a human face or the blindness of the miners", players murmuring, complaining, all over the Internet.
两个虚拟世界的玩家，为什么会开始抢夺显卡？
Two virtual players, why did they start taking the card?
02显卡之争
{\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}02 {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}Strange. {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}
首先要解释下CPU和GPU（显卡）的区别。
The first is to explain the difference between CPU and GPU.
在知乎“为什么现在更多需要用的是 GPU 而不是 CPU，比如挖矿甚至破解密码？”的问题下，网友Cascade生动答道：CPU是一个厉害的教授，GPU是一群小学生。
In a question about “Why is GPU more needed now than CPU, such as mining or even deciphering passwords?”, web friend Cascade responded vividly: CPU is a great professor, and GPU is a group of primary school students.
与CPU擅长逻辑控制和通用类型数据运算不同，GPU擅长的是大规模并发计算。
Unlike CPUs, which are good at logical control and common type of data operations, GPUs are good at large-scale simultaneous calculations.
GPU的工作特点是，计算量大，但没什么技术含量，而且要重复很多很多次。
The work of the GPU is characterized by a high volume of calculations, but with little technical content, and is repeated many times.
（图片来源：知乎，谢谢啊1阿萨）
(photo: yes, thank you. )
我们在之前文章中介绍过，比特币的区块，需要矿工“挖矿”验证。
As we have described in previous articles, bitcoin blocks need to be certified by miners as “mining”.
所谓“挖矿”，就是矿工通过获取每笔交易的数据，来解决一个叫“哈希（hash）”的数学问题，最终使得新区块包含上一个区块的哈希值。
The so-called “mining” is that the miners solve a mathematical problem called “hash” by obtaining data for each transaction, ultimately making the new block contain the Hashi value of the previous block.
矿工可不是免费在做验证。矿工每完成一个区块，就能获得一定数量的比特币作为区块奖励。——这就是比特币的发行机制。
Miners don't do this free of charge. Each time they complete a block, they get a certain amount of bitcoin as a block incentive -- that's the distribution mechanism for bitcoin.
而中本聪在设计比特币时，希望“挖矿的这些编码计算是很多互相独立的快速计算的积累，这样可以保证不同的挖矿者挖到的量按算力平摊，而不是让算力最强的那些人挖走全部的矿”。
In designing the bitcoin, Nakamoto hoped that “these codes for mining were calculated by many of the fast-counting accumulations of each other, so as to ensure that the amounts dug by different diggers would be distributed in arithmetical equals, rather than allowing those who were the most able to do so to excavate the entire mine”.
但实际上，这种类型的计算却很适合用GPU这种大规模并行的处理器处理。
, but in practice this type of calculation is well suited to a large parallel processor like GPU.
于是，矿工提升算力的方式，简单粗暴：烧显卡，撞哈希值。
So the miners raise their calculus in such a way that it's simple and rough: burn the card, hit the hash.
03算力之争
03 Compromise > /strong
对于游戏玩家而言，好的显卡，能让3D游戏更加真实；对于矿工而言，显卡是他们厮杀的必备武器，每一次挥舞，都风声猎猎。
for game players, a good card can make 3D games more real; for miners, a card is a necessary weapon for them to kill. Every time they wave, they hunt.
绝对的算力，意味着绝对的权力。
回溯比特币历史，2013年1月3日第一批ASIC矿机样机问世，是一个重要的节点。 Looking back to the history of Bitcoin, the first ASIC prototypes came to life on 3 January 2013 as an important node. 在此之前，比特币“挖矿”还处在亲民状态，每个人都可以用CPU挖掘比特币，矿工还处于小作坊作业的阶段。 Prior to that, Bitcoin “mining” was still pro-people, and everyone could dig bitcoin with CPU, while miners were still in the small workshop phase. ASIC矿机之后，整个比特币世界算力上涨，个人电脑很难介入，职业的矿工、专业的矿池开始出现，并渐成垄断之态。 After the ASIC mine machine, the entire Bitcoin world became more arithmetic, personal computers became difficult to intervene, professional miners and professional pits began to emerge and became monopolistic. 在“量子学派”近日的文章中，有一个形象的比喻：如果将比特币视为一家公司，中本聪是个不问世事的CEO，比特币代码管理者(Bitcoin-Core)是CTO，掌握着公司技术以及产品迭代，掌握算力的矿工则是COO，掌控着公司运营渠道。 In a recent article by the Quantum School, there is a metaphor for the image: if Bitcoin is considered to be a company, Central Benz is an off-the-shelf CEO, Bitcoin-Core is the CTO, masters the company's technology and product mix, and the miner, masters the algorithm, is COO and controls the company's operating channels. 由于中国矿工的活跃，一度控制了比特币70%的算力， CTO和COO间的权力之争日益激烈，比特币原有的去中心化被打破。 As Chinese miners were active, once controlling 70 per cent of Bitcoin's arithmetic, the power struggle between the CTO and COO intensified and the former decentralization of Bitcoin was broken. 而比特币价格暴涨，矿工成为比特币产业链条底层，也是最重要最暴利的一环。 Bitcoin prices surged, and miners became the bottom of the Bitcoin industrial chain, the most important and profitable link. 而随着比特币减半，矿工们压力更大，算力升级要求更高。 With the halving of bitcoin, the pressure on miners is greater, and the demands for arithmetic upgrading are higher. 按照中本聪的设计，比特币每四年减半一次，第一次减半，淘汰了20%的计算机；2016年的第二次减半，估计有25%的计算机被淘汰。 By design, Bitcoin was halved every four years, for the first time and 20 per cent of computers were phased out; by 2016, for the second time, 25 per cent of computers were estimated to have been eliminated. 不止比特币，其他加密货币，也需要“挖矿”，算力之争不断升级扩大。 More than Bitcoin, other encrypted currencies also need to be “mining”, and there is a growing competition for arithmetic. 世界两大显卡生产商，ATI（AMD的子公司和品牌）和NVIDIA，在矿工疯狂扫货下，不仅价格上涨，甚至出现库存告急、彻底断货的现象。 Two of the world's leading card producers, ATI (a subsidiary and brand of AMD) and NVIDIA, have not only increased prices, but have even experienced an acute and complete stock cut-off in the face of the miners'madness. 而游戏玩家们，甚至会在闲鱼等二手市场上，买到矿工们24小时高温蹂躏过的千疮百孔的显卡，一片怨声哀悼。 And game players, even on the second-hand market of idle fish, pay a whirlwind card to the miners, which they ravaged with heat 24 hours a day, grieving. 据IT之家报道，NVIDIA已经向矿工设计了专门的挖矿卡，保修期为90天，不能玩主流游戏，试图杜绝二手矿卡流通至游戏市场的可能。 According to the IT House, NVIDIA has designed a special mining card for miners, with a 90-day warranty period, which is not allowed to play mainstream games, in an attempt to eliminate the possibility of second-hand mine cards circulating into the game market. 在这场显卡之战中，恐怕两大显卡生产商才是最大赢家。 I am afraid that the two major card producers will be the biggest winners in this visible card battle.
注册有任何问题请添加
微信：MVIP619
拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫 添加客服 进入交流群
1.本站遵循行业规范，任何转载的稿件都会明确标注作者和来源；2.本站的原创文章，请转载时务必注明文章作者和来源，不尊重原创的行为我们将追究责任；3.作者投稿可能会经我们编辑修改或补充。
