拟3年增税360亿英镑 英首相遭反对；欧央行“校准”紧急购债；比特币“法定货币日”闪崩；安联面临监管调查 ｜一周国际财经
第602期 ｜ 2021/09/12
No. 602 & nbsp; nbsp; 2021/09/12
疫情冲击下，各国医疗开支暴涨，如何填补财政亏空是摆在各国面前的一大难题。英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊宣布实施加税计划，拟在未来三年内筹集近360亿英镑，以解决医疗和社会保障领域的资金危机。这一计划引来各界人士反对，约翰逊所在的保守党支持率随之出现大跌。
With the impact of the epidemic, countries face a major challenge of how to fill the fiscal deficit. UK Prime Minister Boris John announced the introduction of a tax increase plan to raise nearly £36 billion over the next three years to address the financial crisis in the areas of health care and social security. This scheme has led to opposition from all quarters, and Johnson's conservative party support rate has fallen.
欧洲央行本周“校准”紧急抗疫购债计划，计划放慢购债步伐。疫情冲击缓解，经济复苏背景下，欧央行该以怎样的节奏，逐步转变政策是其当前面临的重要难题。《每日经济新闻(博客,微博)》连线投行杰富瑞分析欧洲经济形势。
The ECB “calibration” of emergency debt purchases this week, plans to slow down the pace of debt purchases. In the context of the easing of the shock and economic recovery, the ECB’s policy shift is a major challenge. Daily Economic News (, 市场方面，比特币正式成为萨尔瓦多的法定货币，当日币价却出现闪崩，1个多小时暴跌约7000美元，加密货币是否能成为主流交易货币仍有待观察。
On the market side, Bitcoin officially became the legal currency of El Salvador, and the Japanese currency collapsed, with a sharp fall of about $7,000 in more than one hour. It remains to be seen whether encrypted currency can become the mainstream currency of transactions. 更多内容，就在《一周国际财经》。
More than that, it's in The Week of International Finance. 拟3年增税360亿英镑！
The proposed 3-year tax increase of Pound36 billion! 英首相遭反对 执政党支持率骤降
The British Prime Minister's opposition to the ruling party's support dropped sharply . 人们从英国伦敦的议会大厦附近走过。
People passed by near the House of Parliament in London, England. 图片来源：新华社 韩岩摄
Photo by Xinhua Society, Han Rock. 受新冠疫情影响，英国社会护理费用出现巨大缺口。为弥补政府因此出现的财政赤字，英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊9月7日宣布实施增税计划，称三年内将增税360亿英镑，以缓解英国社会保障制度和社会福利危机。
In order to cover the government’s resulting fiscal deficit, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced on September 7 a tax increase of £36 billion over three years to alleviate the British social security system and social welfare crisis. 具体来看，从2022年4月开始，英国政府将率先增加1.25%的国民保险税率（NI），分别向雇主和员工征收。从2023年开始，这个1.25%将会分离出来，成为一项独立的收入税——卫生和社会护理税。加税计划还包括将股息税率上调1.25个百分点，这将影响依赖股息收入的企业主和投资者。
Specifically, starting in April 2022, the British Government will take the lead in increasing the tax rate of (NI) for employers and employees respectively. Starting in 2023, this 1.25% will be separated into an independent income tax - a health and social care tax. The scheme will also include an increase of 1.25 percentage points in the dividends tax rate, which will affect entrepreneurs and investors dependent on dividends. 英国广播公司（BBC）6日称，增税计划意味着年薪在3万英镑以上的人，每年将多交255英镑的税。年薪在5万英镑以上的人，每年将多交505英镑。
According to BBC 6, the tax increase scheme means that people with an annual salary of £30,000 or more will pay an additional £255 a year. Those with an annual salary of £50,000 or more will pay an additional £505 a year. 这些税收将主要用于支持NHS（国家医疗服务体系）处理因为新冠疫情而积压的病人，并会拿出约53亿英镑支持社会护理服务。
These taxes will be used mainly to support the NHS (National Health Service) in dealing with the backlog of patients due to the new crown epidemic and will provide approximately Pound5.3 billion in support of social care services. 从2023年10月开始，作为政府社会福利计划的一部分，任何资产低于2万英镑的人，其社会护理费用（Social Care）将由国家全额支付。资产在2万英镑到10万英镑之间的人将根据收入调查获得一些国家支持。
From October 2023, as part of the government’s social welfare program, any person with an asset of less than £20,000 will be fully paid for by the state. 英国智库财政研究所（IFS）称，如若约翰逊此次征税计划成功，英国政府税收收入有望达到有史以来的最高水平。
According to the United Kingdom think tank Institute of Finance (IFS), if Johnson succeeds in this tax scheme, the tax revenues of the British Government are expected to reach the highest level ever. 但约翰逊此举遭到保守党内外激烈反对，批评者认为首相这么做将公然违背2019年竞选时不会对英国工人增税的承诺。
However, Johnson's move met with strong opposition from within and outside the Conservative Party, and critics believe that it would be a blatant violation of the Prime Minister's commitment not to raise taxes on British workers in the 2019 campaign. 尽管约翰逊坚持认为，该方案可以缓解英国社会保障制度和社会福利危机。但保守党议员和内阁大臣纷纷警告，约翰逊如果坚持增收国民保险，将会失去选民信任。英国《卫报》6日报道称，领导北方保守党集团的议员杰克·贝里认为，让低收入者缴纳更多的税来帮助较富裕的退休人员“保住房子”很不合理。
But Conservative Party members and cabinet ministers have warned that Johnson will lose the trust of voters if he insists on increasing national insurance. According to the British Guardian, Jack Berry, a member of Parliament leading the Northern Conservative Group, argues that it would be unreasonable to allow low-income people to pay more taxes to help the wealthier retirees “safe houses.” 工党领袖凯尔·斯塔莫表示：“这种做法只会打击低收入者，打击年轻人，打击企业。”也有议员表示，希望英国政府在没有出台如何使用这些资金的具体计划时，不要“不顾民意”地随意增税。
Labour leader Kyle Stamo said: “This will only strike low-income people, young people and businesses.” There are also parliamentarians who have expressed the hope that the British Government will not impose arbitrary tax increases “neglected by public opinion” when there are no concrete plans on how to use these funds. 英国商会经济学主管苏伦·提鲁表示：“企业强烈反对提高国民保险缴费，因为这将在一个绝对关键的时期拖累就业增长。在企业已面临一系列新的成本压力的情况下，这一项新的税收上涨将使企业成本大幅上升，并抑制推动经济复苏所需的创业精神，从而影响更广泛的经济复苏。”
Sulen Tyru, head of economics of the British Chamber of Commerce, said: “Enterprise is strongly opposed to raising national insurance contributions, as this will slow employment growth in an absolutely critical period. This new tax increase will result in a significant increase in the cost of business and discourage the entrepreneurship needed to drive economic recovery, thus affecting the wider recovery.” 约翰逊宣布加税计划后，其支持率随之出现大跌。YouGov的一项民意调查显示，截至9月9日，保守党在选民中的支持率较此前骤降5个百分点，至33%，这也是自2019年大选以来的最低水平。而斯塔默爵士领导的工党的支持率则上升1个百分点，达到35%，这是工党自今年1月以来首次领先于保守党。
A poll by YouGov showed that, as of 9 September, the Conservative Party’s support among voters had fallen sharply by 5 percentage points, to 33%, the lowest level since the 2019 election. While Sir Stammer’s support for the Labour Party rose by 1 percentage point, to 35%, the first time that the Labour Party has been leading the Conservative Party since January of this year. 通胀高企、经济向好
High inflation, good economy 欧洲央行“校准”紧急购债
欧洲央行行长拉加德
European Central Bank President Lagarde 图片来源：新华社发（欧洲央行供图）
Source: Xinhua Society (European Central Bank contribution) 当地时间9月9日，欧洲央行表示，将在未来一个季度削减紧急抗疫购债计划（PEPP）规模，向逐步结束紧急援助迈出第一小步，但维持PEPP潜在规模在1.85万亿欧元不变。同时，欧洲央行决定维持关键利率在负0.5%不变。
On September 9, local time, the ECB stated that it would take the first small step toward phasing out emergency aid by reducing the size of its emergency anti-epidemic debt plan (PEPP) in the coming quarter, but maintaining the potential size of PEPP at €1.85 trillion. At the same time, the ECB decided to maintain a negative 0.5% key interest rate. PEPP计划于2020年3月实施，目的在于支持欧元区度过疫情带来的经济危机。该方案计划于明年3月结束。
PEPP is scheduled to be implemented in March 2020 to support the eurozone in coping with the economic crisis caused by the epidemic. The programme is scheduled to end next March. 欧洲央行行长拉加德在新闻发布会上解释这一最新决定时表示：“我并非在缩减购债，在达成一致同意的情况下，我们今天所做的，是校准我们的购债步伐，以实现我们的有利融资条件目标。我们还没有讨论接下来的行动。”
In explaining this latest decision at a press conference, the ECB President, Lagarde, said: “I am not cutting the purchase debt, and what we are doing today, with the agreement that we are doing, is to calibrate our purchases in order to achieve our goal of favourable financing conditions. We have not discussed the next course of action.” 欧洲央行没有提供未来三个月的具体购债规模指引，但路透社援引三位消息人士称，欧洲央行决策者在周四会议上为PEPP设定的月度国债购买目标在600亿-700亿欧元之间，保持根据市场状况增加或减少购债的灵活性。
The ECB did not provide specific guidelines on the size of the purchase debt over the next three months, but Reuters quoted three sources as stating that the monthly debt purchase target set by ECB policy makers for PEPP at the Thursday meeting ranged from Euro60 billion to Euro70 billion, maintaining flexibility to increase or reduce the purchase debt according to market conditions. 目前，拉加德已将如何逐步结束PEPP的决定推迟到12月，并强调称，即便该计划结束，欧洲央行仍将在努力推动通胀达到目标的同时继续保持信贷成本低廉。她表示：“PEPP的工作并未完成，因为我们还要实现2%的通胀目标。”
Lagarde has now postponed to December the decision on how to phase out the PEP, emphasizing that, even after the plan ends, the ECB will continue to maintain low credit costs while trying to drive inflation to its targets. She said, “PEP’s work has not been completed, because we have yet to meet the 2% inflation target.” 随着欧洲各地疫苗接种的迅速开展，经济复苏前景向好，政策制定者面临的新压力是承认经济最糟糕的时期已经过去，然后调整政策。
With the rapid introduction of vaccinations across Europe, prospects for economic recovery have improved, and policymakers are under new pressure to acknowledge that the worst period of the economy has passed and then to adjust their policies. 投行杰富瑞对《每日经济新闻》分析称，当前欧洲经济指标均在向乐观面发展。
According to its analysis of Daily Economic News, the World Bank, Geoffrey, Europe's economic indicators are now moving in the direction of optimism. 欧洲当前的通胀水平为十年来的高峰，而失业率正在下降，7月失业率为7.6%，环比下降了0.2%，贷款稳定增长（7月同比增长3%），抵押贷款增长也呈现加速趋势，5.7%的增幅是2008年以来的最好值。
The current level of inflation in Europe is at peak for 10 years, while unemployment is declining at 7.6 per cent in July, a 0.2 per cent decline in the ring comparison, a steady increase in lending (3 per cent in July) and an accelerated trend in mortgage growth, with 5.7 per cent being the best since 2008. 当前欧洲货币政策宽松，借贷成本基本为0，货币流动性没有任何受阻的情况。在此背景下，欧洲央行银行贷款调查显示，出于投资目的的借贷融资意愿正在日益增强。以CPI和PPI衡量的实际利率都处于30年来的最负水平，这无疑是有帮助的。
Against this background, ECB bank lending surveys show that the willingness to finance borrowing for investment purposes is increasing. Real interest rates, measured in terms of CPI and PPI, have been at their lowest levels in 30 years, which is certainly helpful. 欧洲央行将今年的经济增长预期从先前的4.6%上调至5%，2022年预期从4.7%下调为4.6%。同时该行下调了通胀预期，现预计今年的通胀率2.2%，此前预期为1.9%，明年降至1.7%，2023年降至1.5%。
The European Central Bank has increased its economic growth expectations this year from 4.6 per cent to 5 per cent, and from 4.7 per cent to 4.6 per cent in 2022, while the Bank has reduced inflation expectations by 2.2 per cent this year, compared with 1.9 per cent expected to fall to 1.7 per cent next year and 1.5 per cent in 2023. 太平洋(601099,股吧)投资管理公司投资组合经理Konstantin Veit预测，欧洲央行将在很长一段时间内保持高度宽松，因为短期内不大可能满足加息条件，与日本央行类似，对政策可持续性的考虑可能越来越重要。Veit预测，欧洲央行可能会在未来几年继续购买资产。欧洲央行的PEPP可能在2022年结束净买入状态，但随后会提高常规资产购买计划的购买量。
(, ) investment portfolio manager 注：以上采访内容仅代表机构观点，不代表《每日经济新闻》立场，亦不构成投资建议。
Note: The above interviews represent only institutional views and do not represent the position of Daily Economic News, nor do they constitute investment proposals. 抗疫速报
anti-epidemic report 莫德纳研发二合一增强剂疫苗
同时预防新冠和流感
Prevent new crowns and influenza at the same time 当地时间9月9日，莫德纳表示，该公司正在研发一种二合一增强剂疫苗，可同时预防新冠肺炎和季节性流感。被命名为mRNA-1073的新疫苗是一种单针疫苗，结合了Moderna目前的新冠疫苗和正在研发中的流感疫苗。
On September 9, local time, Modena stated that the company was developing a two-in-one booster vaccine to prevent both new coronary pneumonia and seasonal influenza. The new vaccine, known as mRNA-1073, was a single dose, combining the new coronary vaccine currently being developed by Moderna with the influenza vaccine under development. 英国批准2种新冠疫苗作为加强针
9月9日，英国医疗监管机构批准将辉瑞和阿斯利康新冠疫苗作为加强针使用，但是否推行追加接种计划仍有待各方做决定。英国药品与保健品管理局首席执行官蕾恩说：“我很高兴确认辉瑞和阿斯利康生产的新冠疫苗能作为安全有效的加强剂使用。现在将由疫苗接种和免疫联合委员会来建议是否提供加强剂。”
On 9 September, the British medical regulatory authority approved the use of Pfizer and Aslicom's new crown vaccines as boosters, but it is still up to all parties to decide whether or not to introduce an additional vaccination programme. The Chief Executive Officer of the United Kingdom Drug and Health Administration said, “I am pleased to confirm that Pfizer and Aslicon produce new crown vaccines as safe and effective boosters. It is now up to the Joint Committee on Immunization and Immunization to recommend whether to provide reinforcements.” 日本拟于12月发行“疫苗护照”
Japan intends to issue a “vaccine passport” in December 据《日本经济新闻》当地时间9月5日报道，日本政府将从12月起在线发行 “疫苗护照”，计划采用通过智能手机应用程序显示二维码，需要时进行扫码的形式。届时还将启动在线办理“疫苗护照”申请。
According to Japan Economic News, on September 5, local time, the Japanese government will issue an online “vaccine passport” starting in December. The plan is to display two-dimensional codes through smartphone applications, which will be scanned when required. 目前，日本正在通过书面形式为有需要的民众发行疫苗护照。发行疫苗护照的主要目的是为民众出国提供便利，暂不考虑在日本国内推广使用。
Currently, a vaccine passport is being issued in writing for people in need. The main purpose of issuing a vaccine passport is to facilitate the departure of the population from the country, and consideration is not being given to expanding its use in Japan. 财闻集锦
#01
比特币正式成为萨尔瓦多法定货币
bitcoin has become the legal tender of El Salvador 首日闪崩 1小时跌7000美元！
First day of the first day of the crash, $7,000 fell an hour! 图片来源：摄图网
Photo source: Photonet 9月7日，萨尔瓦多成为全球首个正式采用比特币为法定货币的国家。该国总统纳伊布·布克尔称，此举将为生活在国外的萨尔瓦多人节省下数百万美元的汇款手续费。同时，他表示，萨尔瓦多已经购买了400枚比特币。
On 7 September, El Salvador became the first country in the world to officially adopt Bitcoin as the legal currency. The President of the country, Naib Burke, stated that this would save Salvadorans living abroad millions of dollars in remittance charges. At the same time, he said that El Salvador had purchased 400 bitcoins. 但比特币成为法定货币的首日，北京时间9月8日凌晨，比特币价格闪崩，一个多小时内，从50000美元左右一度跌至42830美元的低点，跌幅超7000美元，日内跌幅达18.73%。其他加密货币也受到波及纷纷大跌。突然闪崩后，比特币价格迅速回升，但日内跌幅未能收回。据Coindesk数据显示，截至9月12日08:05，比特币价格为45152.76美元。
But Bitcoin became the first legal currency, and in the early hours of September 8, Beijing time, the price of Bitcoin collapsed, falling from around $50,000 to a low of $42830 in more than an hour, falling by more than $7,000 and falling by 18.73 per cent in the day. Other encrypted currencies also fell sharply. After the crash, the price of Bitcoin recovered rapidly, but the fall failed. According to Coindisk, the price of Bitcoin was $45152.76 as of September 12.05. 彭博社报道，互联网货币交易公司Oanda 高级市场分析师爱德华·莫亚在一份报告中表示，投资者非常谨慎并认为比特币成为法定货币后可能会出现暴跌。
Bloomberg reported that #02
英特尔拟投800亿欧元在欧洲建芯片厂
9月7日，英特尔宣布，将在欧洲建设两座芯片工厂，投资规模在今后10年可能达到800亿欧元，以应对全球范围芯片短缺和未来需求仍将维持高位的局面。
On 7 September, Intel announced that two chip plants would be built in Europe, with investments likely to reach Euro80 billion over the next 10 years, in response to a global chip shortage and future demand that would remain high. 英特尔首席执行官帕特·基辛格当日在慕尼黑国际车展上透露了上述计划。基辛格表示，到2030年，芯片占高价位汽车零部件的比例将大大提高。为了应对这种需求增长的情况，英特尔将在欧洲至少建设两座工厂，还将在爱尔兰工厂加强代工业务。欧洲的新厂区最终可能容纳多达八家制造工厂。他表示，“在芯片需求持续增加的新时代，需要大胆而宏大的想法”。
Intel Chief Executive Officer Pat Kissinger at Munich International revealed the plan. Kissinger said that by 2030, the proportion of chips in high-priced car parts would have increased significantly. Intel would have built at least two factories in Europe in response to this growing demand. #03
安联集团因投资基金问题面临德国监管调查
9月7日，路透援引知情人士表示，德国监管机构已经对该国最大的金融公司安联集团展开调查，该公司一些美国投资基金在去年垮台。知情人士表示，德国金融监管局官员正在检视安联基金部门以外的高管在多大程度上了解或参与了导致这些基金出现数十亿美元损失的事件。
On 7 September, Reuters quoted sources who said that German regulators had opened an investigation into the country's largest financial company, ANCU group, some of which 这家德国保险公司是世界上最大的资金管理公司之一，通过债券基金巨擘品浩（PIMCO）和安联环球投资管理着2.4万亿欧元的资产，遭到调查的基金是由安联环球投资所管理。
The German insurance company, one of the world's largest financial management companies, managed €2.4 trillion in assets through bond funds such as PIMCO and the United Nations Global Investment Fund, and the funds surveyed were managed by the United Nations Global Investment Institute. 各种调查和诉讼均围绕安联环球投资旗下Structured Alpha Funds展开。在新冠疫情使市场陷入困境后，这些基金暴跌，在某些情况下跌幅达80%或更多。
Various investigations and lawsuits have revolved around Structured Alpha Funds, under the umbrella of the United Nations Global Investment. These funds have fallen sharply, in some cases by 80% or more, after the new crown epidemic has put the market at risk. #04
瑞安航空称737 MAX 10订单谈判破裂
Ryan Air, 737 MAX 10 order negotiations broke down 图片来源：摄图网
Photo source: Photonet 当地时间9月6日，爱尔兰廉价航空巨头瑞安航空公司表示，与波音关于购买737 MAX 10飞机的谈判已经破裂。
On 6 September, local time, Ireland's cheap airline, Ryan Air, indicated that negotiations with Boeing for the purchase of the 737 MAX 10 aircraft had broken down. 瑞安航空原计划以330亿美元购买至多250架波音737 MAX 10，但双方未能就价格达成一致，谈判随即陷入僵局。瑞安航空首席执行官Michael O'Leary周一称，对未能达成协议感到失望，波音对其飞机定价的前景非常乐观，但瑞安向来不会购买高价飞机。
Ryan Air planned to purchase up to 250 Boeing 737 MAX 10 for $33 billion, but negotiations were stalled when the parties failed to agree on the price. The Chief Aviation Officer of Ryan Air, Michael O'Leary, said on Monday that he was disappointed at the failure to reach an agreement, and Boeing was optimistic about the pricing of his aircraft, but Ryan would never buy a high-value aircraft. 对此，波音公司回应称，瑞安是长期合作伙伴，波音重视他们的业务，但也会遵守原则，做出对客户和公司都有意义的决定。
In response, Boeing stated that Ryan was a long-term partner and that Boeing valued their business, but would also follow principles and make decisions that were meaningful to both clients and companies. #05
比尔·盖茨豪掷22亿美元增持四季酒店股份
当地时间9月8日， 比尔·盖茨旗下的投资公司Cascade Investment LLC发布声明称将支付22.1亿美元购买沙特王子瓦利德·本·塔拉勒在四季酒店及度假村集团的一半股份，这笔全现金交易将把盖茨的持股比例从47.5%提高到71.25%。该交易预计将于2022年1月完成。
On September 8, local time, the investment company Cascade Investment LLC under Bill Gates issued a statement stating that it would pay $2.21 billion to purchase half of the shares of Prince Walid Ben Talal in the Four Seasons Hotel and Resort Village Group, and that the total cash deal would raise the share of Gates from 47.5% to 71.25%. The transaction is expected to be completed by January 2022. 交易完成后，比尔·盖茨将成为四季酒店的绝对控股股东，瓦利德王子将通过其投资媒介Kingdom Holding Co.持有剩余23.75%的股份。四季酒店创始人和董事长Isadore Sharp还将通过Triples Holdings Limited保留其5%的股份。四季酒店的整体估值约为近100亿美元。
When the deal is completed, Bill Gates will be an absolute shareholder in the Four Seasons, and Prince Walid will hold the remaining 23.75% through his investment medium, Kingdom Holding Co. The Four Seasons founder and chairman, Isadore Sharp, will also retain 5% of the stock through Triples Holdings Limited. The overall value of the Four Seasons is approximately $10 billion. #06
微软无限期推迟美国员工重返办公室时间
Microsoft postponed indefinitely the return of United States employees to the office 9月9日，微软表示，由于新冠病毒继续在美国扩散，该公司将无限期推迟其位于华盛顿雷德蒙德的总部及其他美国办公室的重新开放时间。8月份，由于德尔塔病毒流行，微软宣布将重返时间从9月7日推迟到10月4日。
On 9 September, Microsoft indicated that it would indefinitely delay the reopening of its headquarters in Redmond, Washington, and other United States offices, as the new crown virus continued to spread in the United States. In August, Microsoft announced that it would postpone its return from 7 September to 4 October owing to the Delta virus epidemic. 这一决定将影响到微软在美国的103000多名员工。微软表示，从9月开始，员工必须出示接种新冠疫苗的证明，才能进入该公司在美国的任何设施。
This decision will affect more than 103,000 Microsoft employees in the United States. Microsoft states that beginning in September, employees will have to show proof of vaccination of the new crown before they can access any of its facilities in the United States. 图片来源：每经制图
Source: Every Graphic 图片来源：每经制图
Source: Every Graphic 记者：张凌霄 兰素英
Reporter: Jang Ling, Ransu-young 编辑：兰素英
Editor: Ransou-in 视觉：刘青彦
Visual: Liu Qingyan 排版：兰素英
Layout: Ransou-Engine ｜本文版权归“每经头条” 所有｜
Copyright in this post is "Every Headline" & nbsp; all platinums 本文首发于微信公众号：每日经济新闻。文章内容属作者个人观点，不代表和讯网立场。投资者据此操作，风险请自担。 The article is based on the author’s personal opinion and does not represent and represent the network’s position.
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