区块链技术应用？区块链在中国的应用

区块链技术应用？我们发现区块链作为一个刚起步的技术，还不能很好地满足商业应用中各种复杂的需求，还有几个需要解决的问题。

Block chain technology applications? We find that block chains, as a start-up technology, do not adequately meet the complex needs of commercial applications and there are several issues that need to be addressed.

1、如何实现快速的应用对接？

How can fast-track application docking be achieved?

应用的实现方或者是机构，虽然经常对区块链底层的技术问的比较细或者是关心它的实现细节，但真正在落实到实际的这种对接或者是使用过程中，绝大多数最关心的还是应用对接的成本，这里的成本包括了时间成本、部门间协调的成本、人力的成本，以及物力的成本等等。

The provider of the application is either the institution, which, although often more detailed or concerned with the details of the technology at the bottom of the block chain, is actually implementing the connection or using it, the majority of the concerns are about the cost of the application, which includes time costs, the cost of inter-departmental coordination, the cost of manpower, the cost of material resources, etc.

2、区块链能否支撑海量用户的使用？

Can block chains support the use of large-volume users?

区块链到目前为止从来没有出现过一个大面积商用的应用，大多数都在探索中。有很多大型机构已经拥有上亿的用户，他们考虑一个新技术的使用过程中，其中一个重要的指标就是能否平滑的支撑这些海量用户的导入和使用，而由海量用户的导入会带来一些性能并发、高扩展性以及海量数据存储等等问题。

So far, there has never been a large commercial application in the block chain, and most of it is being explored. There are many large institutions that already have hundreds of millions of users, considering that one of the important indicators of the use of a new technology is whether it can be smooth to support the import and use of these large users, and that the import of large users leads to problems of performance and distribution, high expansion and storage of big data.

3、怎样才能保证私钥的存取安全？

3. How can access to private keys be secured?

在金融机构，这是一个非常受重视的问题。在实际的商业应用中，用户其实是不可能直接使用一串杂乱无序的公私钥，太长太难记了，他们大多数喜欢用自己的用户名和密码。这需要区块链平台与上层应用一起提供一套安全并且可靠的私钥存取方案，用户还是能够使用原来的用户名、密码，比如说手机号、邮箱或者是昵称，背后对应完整的私钥的生成、创建，写入或者存取使用。

In the case of financial institutions, this is a very important issue. In practical business applications, it is impossible for users to use a series of disorderly public and private keys directly. It is too long to remember, and most of them prefer to use their user names and passwords. This requires block-chain platforms to provide a secure and reliable private key access program with top-level applications. Users can still use their original usernames, passwords, such as cell phone numbers, mailboxes or nicknames, which correspond to the generation, creation, writing or access to the complete private key behind them.

4、如何控制区块链？

4. How to control the chain of blocks?

对大多数上层应用来说区块链是一个黑盒，区块链系统是由各个参与方共同建设和维护的，对于运维人员来说，整个系统完全是不可控制，或者是不由单方控制的。传统的机构运维人员还是习惯有可视化的工具，可以看到整个系统的运行情况，可以登录到这个系统上，进行可视化的操作或者是管理。

For most upper-level applications, the block chain is a black box, and the block chain system is built and maintained jointly by the various actors. For operators, the whole system is either completely uncontrollable or not controlled unilaterally.

5、如何满足商业隐私的保护和操作权限的控制？

5. How can the protection of business privacy and control of operating rights be met?

区块链一直宣称的是数据的共享与透明，这在很多商业领域都是一些非常敏感的词汇，或者是一些非常对立的形容。那么区块链在建立这种多中心化技术信任的同时，如何满足商业隐私的保护和操作权限的控制，是在区块链商业应用落地过程中需要重点解决或者是面对的一个问题。

Block chains have always claimed to be data-sharing and transparency, either in very sensitive terms or in very opposing terms in many commercial areas. So how to meet the protection of commercial privacy and control of operating rights while building this multi-centralized technical trust is a problem that needs to be addressed or confronted in the context of the commercial application of the block chains.

布比的区块链解决方案

Bubi's block chain solution

针对以上问题，布比作为一个区块链的解决方案提供方，除了提供最底层的区块链服务之外，还提供了一层应用适配层，这个应用适配层的作用是对底层技术进行封装，提供更加场景化的接口给上层业务去使用，大幅度缩短上层应用对接的时间。同时我们也在适配层里面抽象出一些在金融类的传统领域或者是业务里面更容易明白或者是调用的一些概念。

In response to these questions, Bubi, as a solution provider to the block chain, provides, in addition to the lowest-level block chain service, an appliance layer, which serves to encapsulate lower-level technologies, provide more landscaped interfaces for top-level operations, and significantly shorten the time for top-level applications. At the same time, we have abstracted some of the concepts that are easier to understand or use in traditional areas of finance or in business.

布比也提供一堆可视化的操作管理界面，包括对底层系统的配置，对底层健康监控的管理。这个监控分为三个维度：最底层的硬件的监控，像内存CPU，；第二层就是网络层，整个区块链中消息的传递或者是实验等等情况的监控；最上层是对业务层的监控，包括各个节点之间的数据是否同步，区块是否正常生成，交易是否正常的验证等等。

Bubi also provides a number of visual operating management interfaces, including the configuration of the bottom system, and the management of the bottom health surveillance. This surveillance is divided into three dimensions: the bottom hardware surveillance, such as the memory CPU; the second layer, the network layer, the transmission of information or experiments throughout the block chain; and the upper layer, which is the operational layer, including the synchronization of data between nodes, the normal generation of blocks, the normal validation of transactions, etc.

布比还提供给上层应用一些数据分析的接口，因为区块链里面存的是最基础的原始数据，数据量比较大，而且每个应用对于这些数据的分析是需求是各不相同的，我们也会提供一组标准的分析接口供上层使用。

Bubi also provides interfaces for the application of some data analysis at the upper level, as the block chain contains the most basic raw data, the amount of data is larger, and the analysis of these data varies from application to application, and we also provide a standard set of analytical interfaces for use at the upper level.

布比也会提供一个可视化的区块浏览器，用户通过登陆这些区块链浏览器，能够清楚的看到，区块链的每一个节点，每一个区块，或者是每一笔交易他在区块链里面是如何表现，或者是如何存储的。

Bubi will also provide a visual block browser, and the user will be able to see clearly how each node of the block chain, each block, or how each transaction is displayed in the block chain, or how it is stored.

已经落地的一批区块链应用

A chain of blocks that have landed.

最后分享几个已经在线运行的或者已经能够公开的应用。

Finally, several applications that are already online or already open can be shared.

应用1：积分的发行与流通平台

Apply 1: Score Distribution and Circulation Platform

全国应该几亿用户都有积分，但是积分的黏性一直不高，主要的原因是受制于发行方的约束，因为大多数的积分的消费都是积分的发行方自建商城，而自建商城里面的商品几乎很难满足用户实际的需要。

The country should have scores for hundreds of millions of users, but the degree of stickyness of the points has remained low, mainly because it is subject to the constraints of the issuer, since most of the share consumption is the share of the issuer that builds its own business town, and the commodities in the self-builder city are hardly able to meet the actual needs of the users.

用区块链进行这种积分发行的话，一旦积分发行到用户的帐户里面，那这个积分本身的支配权和所有权就完全归用户所有。以我们上线最初一个案例积分钱包为例，它让用户能够像发红包一样的在朋友们之间进行积分的转移、交易。传统的积分平台需要解决汇率的问题，在我们这边用更加市场化的办法去决定，也就是说有用户想用A积分换一个B积分，只要挂到交易所或者是一个平台上面来，等有反向需求的人交换，至于汇率完全是由两个用户之间去协商或者市场化的行为去解决。

By using a block chain for this sort of distribution, once the volume is distributed to the user’s account, the ownership and ownership of the score is entirely vested in the user. For example, in our first case on the line, it allows users to transfer and trade points between friends, as in the case of red parcels. The traditional points platform needs to solve the problem of exchange rates, using a more market-oriented approach on our side, which means that some users want to exchange a B point with an A fraction, either on the exchange or on a platform, for those with a negative demand, and that the exchange rate is dealt with entirely by consultation or market-based behaviour between the two users.

在一个积分发行平台上面，我们希望引入多方参与。上游，包括一些存量积分的一些机构，包括想在上面做一些积分发行的机构；下游，我们希望引入一些大的商户，或者是一些电商作为出口，然后也会保留原有的通兑平台，因为他们有上下游的资源，他们也可以在上面利用自己的资源进行商业的开发。很多人会问，现在已经很多通兑平台，为什么还要用区块链，其实这里面也是用了区块链的一个比较重要的特性就是它的交易属性，能促使交易的流动性或者是交易的规模扩大。

We want to involve multiple actors on a mass distribution platform. Upstream, some institutions, including those that want to make some stock points; downstream, we want to introduce some large traders, or some power suppliers, as exports, and then retain the original exchange platform, because they have up-and-down resources, and they can use their own resources for commercial development. Many people will ask why there are now a lot of exchange platforms, and one of the more important features of the block chain is that it is the nature of the transaction, which can drive the flow of the transaction or the scale of the transaction.

还有一点重要的，区块链体系的平台是能够支持多维资产的。积分是大家公认的一种标准化程度比较高的资产，只能算是数字资产的一种，还有其他的比如说像提货券、预付卡、电影票等等资产甚至是一些理财产品，它们都可以称为小额资产发行跟流通。这样，积分平台就不简简单单是一个积分兑换的平台，它会变成一个小额资产发行流通、传播、营销的渠道。

It is also important that the platform of the block chain system is capable of supporting multi-dimensional assets. Scores are recognized as a more standardized asset that can only be classified as a digital asset, and other assets, such as vouchers, prepaid cards, film tickets, and so on, can be called small asset distribution and circulation.

最初我们选择用积分作为区块链应用的切入口，是因为积分是一个资产非常小、试错成本非常低的应用，在我们接触很多大机构里面，他们都会把积分当做一个区块链试水或者是区块链POC的项目。有了这些经验数据以后，他能够测试区块链平台是否稳定，是否能够支撑或者是满足他的业务。同时他大概有一个经验的数据，当他把一些更有价值的资产放上来的时候，能够做更好的内部推进，包括在立项的过程中，可以评估出大概投入多少人力，需要去协调哪些部门，或者需要耗费多少时间成本。

At first, we chose to use credits as a cut-off entry for block-chain applications because they were a very small asset and a very low test cost application, and in many large institutions, they were treated as a block-chain test water or block-chain POC project. With these empirical data, he was able to test whether the block-chain platform was stable, whether it was able to support or satisfy his business. And he probably had an empirical data that, when he put some of the more valuable assets up, he was able to do a better internal push, including an assessment of how much effort was invested, what sectors needed to be coordinated, or how much time it would cost.

应用2：供应链溯源

Application 2: supply chain traceability

随着硬件设备的技术的发展和成本的降低，实现一个供应链溯源，在中心化系统里面就已经能做到很好了，那么很多人就会问，为什么还要用区块链来实现一遍？

With the technological development and reduced cost of hardware and equipment and the achievement of a supply chain traceability, it would already be good in a centralized system, so many would ask why the block chain should be used again.

以这次疫苗事件为例。这次疫苗事件牵涉到的主体，其实已经建立了一个完善的供应链体系，在疫苗出事的当时，它基本上就已经判断是冷链出了问题，但是当它把这部分数据拿出来给监管机构或者是公布给用户看的时候，很难取信于用户。因为在很长一段时间里面，这个系统都是中心化运行，对于大多数人来说它是一个黑盒，在出了问题以后，突然拿出这么一个数据给大家，连自证清白都很难做到。

This vaccine incident, for example, involved a well-established supply chain system, which, at the time of the vaccine incident, was largely judged to be a cold chain problem, but it was hard to trust users when it took this part of the data out to regulators or made public to users. Because for a long time, the system operated centrally, it was a black box for most people, and it was hard for them to come up with such a data after the problem, even to prove their innocence.

区块链能够带来的好处就是，在供应链上下游这么多环节里面，它的数据的录入不是由一家龙头企业或者是核心企业所控制的。以疫苗为例，从监管机构到疫苗的生产厂商，再到中间的冷链，再到社区医院甚至到消费者每个人都可以用自己的私钥签名录入相关或者是重要的信息。而这一个系统从建立到开始运行，它的信息就一直是公开透明化的，那么如果万一出了问题，如果用了区块链做背书的话，至少一些生产厂商或者是一些没有问题的环节可以拿这部分数据来自证清白，同时出问题的环节的部分数据成为追责的证据。

In the case of vaccines, for example, from regulators to vaccine manufacturers, to the cold chain in the middle, to community hospitals, and even to consumers, everyone can record relevant or important information with their own private key signatures. The information of this system has been open and transparent from the time it was set up and started to operate, so if there is a problem, at least some producers, or some of the unproblematic links, can use this data as evidence of recrimination.

对土特产的供应链溯源也是同样的。现在很多地方的土特产都很难做到地方保护，因为假货横行。以内蒙羊肉为例，全国的羊肉都说自己是内蒙羊肉，但是真正的内蒙羊肉很难卖出高价，因为全国都卖三四十块一斤你要卖七八十块一斤很难，造成真正在内蒙羊肉的生产成本非常高，如果你真的按照其他地方的价格去卖成本都收不回来，地方政府需要做大面积的补贴。这时候政府就有动力，来牵头或者是组织这些地方土特产的上下游，包括加工、生产、采购、销售、分销等等各个渠道，然后由各方来录入各自的数据，达到地方土特产的保护目的。真正的内蒙锡林郭勒的羊肉卖七八十块一斤很多人是愿意买的，这也是区块链在供应链溯源上的价值，就是利用区块链的数据记录的真实性或者是有效性，一旦进入到区块链里面，每个人的签名就不可抵赖了，每一份数据都具备这种持续性，或者是时效性。

The same is true of the supply chain for indigenous products. In many places, it is difficult to provide local protection because of counterfeits. Inner sheep, for example, the country's lambs are said to be internal sheep, but real internal lambs are difficult to sell at high prices, because it is difficult for the whole country to sell thirty pounds a pound for a pound, which makes it very difficult for you to sell, and makes it very expensive for many people to buy, if you really sell them at other prices, and local governments need large subsidies. This is when the government has the incentive to take the lead or organize the up and downs of these local meats, including processing, production, procurement, marketing, distribution, etc.

应用3：区块链股权登记和交易平台

Application of 3. Block chain equity registration and trading platforms

这是我们跟另外一个创业团队合作打造的，目前应用在一些地方股权的交易所，还有一些文化交易所等等。对于区域交易所来说，现在的交易量或者是圈子相对较小，他们希望利用区块链来打破地域的限制。

This was created by us in partnership with another business team, currently in some local stock exchanges, some cultural exchanges, etc. For regional exchanges, the volume of transactions is either relatively small, and they want to use block chains to break geographical boundaries.

我们也跟很多众筹平台交流过，很多投资人的项目管理是非常混乱的，每一个投资总监花了很多时间在做这些尽调，其实这些尽调在某种程度上能够公开，或者是大家共享，因为在整个投资领域，很多时候是可以跟投或者是领投，大家并不是直接竞争的这么一个关系。

We have also interacted with a number of fund-raising platforms, many investors' project management is very confusing, and each investment director spends a lot of time on all these adjustments, which are, to some extent, open or shared, because in the whole area of investment, many times it is possible to follow or lead, and everyone is not directly competing.

针对Pre-IPO的企业，比如小米或者滴滴这种有价值的股权或者期权，很多人可能等不到上市，可能想提前退出，或者是想换一份工作等等，他们可以将这部分PREIPO的股权期权提前的进行交易和变现。

For Pre-IPO companies, such as rice or dripping as valuable equity or options, many may not be able to wait to be listed, may wish to leave early, or may wish to change their jobs, etc., and they may trade and cash this portion of PREIPO equity in advance.

我们也会跟一些P2P平台合作，现在P2P跑路的事件越来越多，他们其实也是想打造一个透明化的平台，将一些项目或者是标的物的一些信息公开，包括这些标的物的执行过程公开，来取信于这些理财的C端用户或者是一些机构用户。

We will also work with some of the P2P platforms, which now have an increasing number of P2P running events, and are actually trying to create a transparent platform where some information about projects or objects, including the process of their implementation, can be made public to the credit of the C-side users of these funds or of some institutional users.

区块链技术应用？区块链原理？具体体现在每一个鲜活的区块链的应用当中，我们很容易感觉到这种区块链技术的威力，以及它将快速改变世界的美好前景。

The application of block chain technology? The principle of block chain? This is reflected in the application of each living block chain, and we can easily sense the power of this block chain technology and the good prospects that it will bring about a rapid change in the world.