什么是加密钱包和如何保护加密钱包
近年来，加密货币引起了人们的极大兴趣，许多投资者开始购买加密货币。但是，对加密货币感兴趣的不只是投资者，还有黑客和诈骗者，他们一直在伺机而动。投资加密货币时，需要特别注意的一点是确保加密钱包的安全。那么，什么是加密钱包，加密钱包是如何运作的，如何保护加密钱包呢？
In recent years, encrypted currency has attracted great interest, and many investors have begun to purchase encrypted currency. But not only investors, but also hackers and fraudsters, are interested in encryption money , , and it is not just investors, but also hackers and fraudsters who have been waiting. When investing in encrypted currency, special attention needs to be paid to ensuring the security of encrypted wallets. So, what is encrypted wallets, how they work, and how they protect encrypted wallets?
加密货币钱包，又称加密钱包，是一种存储加密货币账户公钥和私钥的软件产品或实体设备。密钥是一长串随机字符。公钥类似于银行账号，是您可以分享的信息；而私钥就像银行账户密码或 PIN 码，是您必须保护和保密的信息。
Encrypted currency wallets, also known as encrypted wallets, are software products or devices that store the public and private keys of encrypted currency accounts. Keys are a long string of random characters. Public keys are similar to bank accounts and are the information you can share; private keys, like bank account codes or PIN codes, are the information you must protect and keep confidential.
“钱包”一词带有比喻意思，因为加密钱包并不像实体钱包存放现金那样真正存储加密货币。实际上，加密钱包可读取公共分类账，即加密货币记录保存系统，以便显示您地址中的余额，使您能够进行交易。
In practice, an encrypted wallet has access to a public ledger, i.e. an encrypted money record-keeping system, to show the balance in your address so that you can make a transaction.
加密货币存在于区块链上，而加密钱包软件允许您操作该区块链上的余额。区块链是公共分类账，可将数据存储在所谓的区块中。这些区块包含交易、在任何给定地址上持有的余额以及这些余额的密钥所有者等记录。加密钱包会存储地址，允许所有者与区块链交互，同时也允许其他人看到任何给定地址的元数据。
Encrypted currency exists on the block chain, and the encryption wallet software allows you to operate the balance on the block chain. The block chain is a public ledger that allows data to be stored in the so-called blocks. These blocks contain records of transactions, balances held on any given address, and key owners of those balances. The encrypted wallet will store the address, allowing the owner to interact with the block chain, and allowing others to see any metadata of the given address.
所有加密钱包都允许用户发送、接收和存储加密货币。有些加密钱包提供加密货币的购买和消费功能。某些加密钱包具有其他功能，如代币之间的交换、质押代币以向用户支付固定收益，以及访问建立在各种网络上的去中心化应用程序。
All encrypted wallets allow users to send, receive, and store encrypted currency. Some encrypted wallets provide the purchase and consumption function of encrypted currency.
每种加密钱包都有自己的一组属性。但一般而言，使用加密钱包发送或接收资金时通常要遵循的步骤如下：
Each encrypted wallet has its own set of attributes. In general, however, the steps to be followed when sending or receiving funds using an encrypted wallet are as follows:
- 在接收资金时，您需要从加密钱包中检索地址。找到加密钱包中的“生成地址”功能，点击并复制字母数字地址或二维码，然后分享给加密货币发送者。
- 要发送资金，您需要用于接收资金的钱包的地址。找到钱包中的“发送”功能，输入您想要发送货币的钱包的地址。选择要发送的加密货币数量，然后点击“确认”。需要注意的是，相同的资产可存在于很多区块链中。在发送时，您必须确定接收者的地址。如果地址输入有误，钱包会阻止您发送，甚至导致资金丢失。有些区块链还需要其他元信息，如备注信息。
为了安全起见，有些用户在发送大量加密货币之前会先发送少量资金作为测试交易。发送加密货币会产生一笔支付给矿工的交易处理手续费。
For security reasons, some users send a small amount of money as a test transaction before sending a large amount of encrypted money.
加密钱包分为两类，即热钱包和冷钱包。
Encrypted wallets are divided into two categories, namely, hot wallets and cold wallets.
热钱包
热钱包是指任何接入互联网的加密钱包。这类钱包使用起来更方便，因此也更常见。接入互联网使这类钱包更加便利，但也更容易受到黑客入侵。因此，通常不建议在热钱包中存储大量加密货币。
Hot wallets are any encrypted wallets with Internet access. Such wallets are easier to use and are therefore more common. Access to the Internet makes them easier, but they are also more susceptible to hacking.
冷钱包
Cold Wallet >/strang >
相比之下，冷钱包是离线或未接入互联网的加密钱包。由于只有通过互联网时方可与区块链交互，因此冷钱包被认为比热钱包安全得多。也就是说，冷钱包更加复杂，需要更多的技术知识，因此，更有经验的加密货币投资者或拥有大量资产的人往往会使用这类钱包。
By contrast, cold wallets are encrypted wallets that are offline or not connected to the Internet. Since they can only interact with block chains on the Internet, cold wallets are considered to be much safer than hot wallets.
热钱包有不同类型。这些包括：
There are different types of hot wallets. These include:
桌面钱包
桌面钱包将用户的私钥安全地存储在计算机硬盘上。
网页钱包
网页钱包是由第三方提供的钱包，支持用户通过网页浏览器访问其持有的资产。
The wallet on the page
is a wallet provided by a third party to support users in accessing their holdings through a web browser.
手机钱包
手机钱包允许用户通过手机安全地发送或接收加密货币。
mobile wallet
mobile wallets allow users to send or receive encrypted currency safely via mobile phones.
硬件钱包和纸钱包是最受欢迎的两种冷钱包，在技术上属于两极分化。纸钱包是技术含量最低的解决方案，而硬件钱包通常包含复杂的高科技组件。两者都被认为是高度安全的加密货币存储方式。
Hardware wallets and paper wallets are the two most popular cold wallets, which are technically polarized. Paper wallets are the least technological solutions, while hardware wallets usually contain complex high-tech components. Both are considered highly secure methods of encryption currency storage.
纸钱包
纸钱包是一种离线钱包解决方案，用户会写下或打印私钥并妥善保管。
paper wallet is a offline wallet solution in which users write or print their private keys and keep them safe.
硬件钱包
硬件钱包是一种科技含量较高的解决方案，能够以各种方式安全地存储私钥。这些实体设备通常类似于闪存驱动器或小型遥控器，除非插到计算机或移动设备上，否则即处于离线状态。硬件钱包受
PIN 码保护，而 PIN
码必须保密。硬件钱包还有助记密语，如果钱包损坏或丢失，可用于恢复对其他设备的访问。在这种情况下，建议单独存储该密语并确保其安全。另外，设备务必要存放在安全可靠的地方，因为如果设备丢失，您的加密货币账户就会被锁定，而没有锁匠可以为您打开。
The hardware wallet of
is a technology-intensive solution that allows the safe storage of private keys in a variety of ways. These physical devices are usually similar to flash drives or small remote controls, which are offline unless inserted on a computer or mobile device. The hardware wallet is protected by PIN codes, while the PIN codes are kept confidential. The hardware wallet also has a sign that can be used to restore access to other equipment if the wallet is damaged or lost. In this case, it is recommended that the secret language be stored separately and secure.
除了热钱包和冷钱包之外，还必须了解托管加密钱包与非托管加密钱包之间的区别。这两类钱包之间的主要区别在于对安全性的权衡和由谁负责保管钱包私钥。
In addition to the hot and cold wallets, it is important to understand the difference between an encrypted and a non-hosted wallet. The main difference between these two types of wallets is the trade-off between security and who is responsible for keeping the wallets' private keys.
非托管钱包意味着您是加密货币资产私钥的唯一保管人。如果您忘记了钱包的密码，不会有“忘记密码？”这样的提示帮您找回密码（尽管您可以重置密码和通过助记词来找回密码）。虽然没有这种安全保障会多一点儿风险，但非托管钱包被认为是更安全的选择。原因在于您不必担心第三方公司存在安全漏洞。如果您相信自己可以保管好资产，非托管钱包可能是最适合您的选择。
托管钱包的安全性相对较低，但有第三方帮助您登录并管理加密货币账户。托管钱包通常是基于网页的，其最大的优势是往往使用方便。虽然合法的托管钱包非常重视安全性，但总是存在泄露的风险，而且加密货币账户还是网络犯罪分子特别感兴趣的目标。 The safeness of the custodian wallet is relatively low, but there are third parties who help you log in and manage encrypted currency accounts. 在决定选择哪种加密钱包之前，请先想清楚您最需要什么，考虑到易用性和安全性之间的权衡。考虑您希望以怎样的便利程度来访问加密货币，以及您愿意为这种便利性牺牲掉多少安全性。这有助于您决定哪种钱包适合您。 Consider the ease with which you want to access the encrypt currency and how much security you would like to sacrifice for that convenience. This helps you decide which wallet is suitable for you. 对加密钱包的保护十分重要，尤其是加密钱包被黑客入侵的案例已经引起了人们的高度关注。以下是一些安全建议，可以尽量降低加密钱包被黑客入侵的风险： The protection of encrypted wallets is of great importance, especially in the case of hacking of encrypted wallets . The following are some of the security suggestions to minimize the risk of hacking of encrypted wallets: 定期更改密码并使用密码管理器 regularly changes passwords and uses the password manager 设置双因素身份验证 sets double factor identification 将投资放在多个钱包中 警惕网络钓鱼诈骗 此外，除非您确定自己使用的是正确网站，否则最好不要登录加密货币交易所。您应将链接保存到收藏夹中，或者自己直接输入
URL，切勿点击其他人发送给您的链接。 In addition, it is preferable not to log into an encrypted currency exchange unless you are sure you are using the right website. You should save the link to the collection folder, or enter the URL yourself, and do not click on another person to send you a link. 不要使用个人账户进行加密货币交易 does not use personal accounts for encrypted currency transactions . Do not use your personal and work accounts for encrypted currency transactions. Create an e-mail address dedicated to encryption wallets, rather than a personal, school or work email address that you may lose access to. Avoid access to encrypted wallets on working or public computers, and consider using separate devices for encrypted currency transactions, such as specialized laptops or smartphones. 切勿透露有关钱包的信息 should not disclose information about wallets 始终仔细核对接收者的钱包地址 自动安装更新 automatically installs updates 避免使用公共 Wi-Fi avoids using public Wi-Fi to hide your IP address and location. Do not use public Wi-Fi when accessing an online encrypted currency exchange or account. Use 卡巴斯基密码管理器
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设置强密码、妥善保管并经常更改非常重要。在为加密钱包或任何其他敏感网站选择密码时，应选择唯一的密码，而非在其他地方使用过的已有密码。确保密码不包含任何个人信息。与将密码保存在浏览器中相比，将密码存储在密码管理器中更为安全，例如自带密码管理器的卡巴斯基优选版。合适的做法是定期更改密码，例如每六个月更改一次。
to set . When selecting passwords for encrypted wallets or any other sensitive site, select the only password instead of the one already used elsewhere. Ensure that passwords do not contain any personal information.
确保启用双因素身份验证，这是有效防止账户被盗的方法之一。如果您的设备支持生物特征身份验证，那就更好了。这意味着只有扫描您的面部、声音或指纹才能开启您的账户。
to ensure dual factor identification, which is one of the effective ways to prevent account theft. It is better if your device supports biometric identification. This means that only your face, sound or fingerprints can be scanned to open your account.
就像其他类型的投资一样，明智的做法是不要把所有鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里。您可以将所有的
NFT
和加密货币分成两份或更多份保管，而不是放在一个钱包中。如果您正在寻找空投来铸造免费
NFT，使用新的 DEX
和进行类似活动，应使用与主钱包分开的独立钱包。投资越大，存放在不同的地方就越重要。很多投资者将热钱包用于日常交易，而将冷钱包用于长期持有资产，例如退休储蓄金。
网络钓鱼者可能坚持不懈地试图访问您的加密货币账户，应小心警惕。如果有人通过电子邮件、短信或电话要求您提供私钥，应忽略他们的消息并保持警惕。切勿将私钥分享给任何人。网络钓鱼攻击常常利用人们的情感来诱骗他们透露个人信息，这些消息伪装成需要私钥恢复您的账户的竞赛或加密货币公司，千万不要轻信。
may persist in their attempts to access your encrypted monetary accounts and should be vigilant. If someone requests you to provide a private key by e-mail, text or telephone, they should be ignored and vigilant.
不要用您的个人和工作账户来进行加密货币交易。创建一个专用于加密钱包的电子邮件地址，而非使用您可能失去访问权限的个人、学校或工作电子邮件地址。避免在工作或公共计算机上访问加密钱包，应考虑使用单独的设备进行加密货币交易，例如专门的笔记本电脑或智能手机。
尽管在社交媒体上分享成功的加密货币投资经验可能很有诱惑力，但在线讨论您的收益可能引起攻击者注意。很多人匿名进行加密货币交易，以切断与自己身份的任何联系。避免在社交媒体上透露有关交易活动的信息，例如您使用的交易所或您的损益。
, although it may be tempting to share experiences in social media with successful encrypt currency investments, online discussion of your earnings may attract the attention of the attackers.
加密货币的发送者或接收者通过钱包地址加以识别。该地址是一串字母数字和特殊字符，通常包含
26 个到 35
个字符。在将加密货币发送到另一个钱包之前，请务必仔细核对接收者的
ID。恶意软件可能会编辑并粘贴属于黑客的错误钱包地址。交易一旦完成，就无法在区块链网络上撤销，因此在任何交易之前，请仔细检查。
无论您使用的是什么设备，都要及时更新软件，通过最新的安全补丁来保障自己的安全。为方便起见，您可以将更新设置为自动安装。除了设备，还要确保安装在该设备上的应用程序是最新版本。
, regardless of the device you use, to update the software in time to ensure your safety through up-to-date security patches. For convenience, you can set updates to auto-installation. In addition to the device, ensure that the application installed on the device is the latest version.
在访问在线加密货币交易所或账户时，切勿使用公共 Wi-Fi。尽可能使用 VPN 来隐藏您的 IP
地址和位置。您可以在任何设备上使用 VPN
来保护数据隐私，并防止他人窥探您的活动。VPN
创建了加密隧道，可确保您的在线活动始终处于私密和安全状态，让您可以掌控自己的数据。
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