ETH2.0进展顺利：以太坊越走越远，以太坊杀手们却都沉默了
不知道你有没有注意到——近期圈内的风向，特别是对于底层公链，有了不小的变化。
I don't know if you've noticed -- the wind in the immediate circle, especially for the bottom public chain, has changed a lot.
简单来说，对于底层公链的信仰， 开始回归ETH。
In short, for the belief in the bottom public chain, it's starting to return to the ETH.
不信你可以翻翻各个微信群，以及圈内的聊天记录。
If you don't believe me, you can go through the microscopic groups, as well as the chats in the circle.
还有多少人，或是文章在聊EOS，Neo这个曾经被冠以“以太坊杀手”称号的项目？
How many more people, or articles, are talking about EOS, Neo, a project that used to be known as the "Ethio Killer"?
又有多少在聊像 Zilliqa 这些主打分片的“以太坊杀手2.0”？
And how many are talking like Zilliqa, the major scoring film, "Etheria Killer 2.0"?
没了，基本全没了。
It's gone. It's almost gone.
至于新的公链，可以说除了已经上线的Cosmos和即将上线的波卡，没有人关心，或者说相信后面出现能够威胁到ETH2.0的底层公链了。
As for the new public chain, it can be said that there is no concern, or belief, about the presence of a lower public chain that could threaten ETH 2.0, except for Cosmos, which is already on the line, and Boca, which is about to be on the line.
ETH在爱西欧时代之后，忽然又再次迎来那种……集万千宠爱于一身的感觉。
After the time of love for Western Europe, the ETH suddenly came back with a feeling of love and love.
那么就来看看，ETH2.0你需要知道的事情以及近期动向。毕竟，那个传说中的第0阶段，终于距离我们只有个把月的时间了。
So let's see, what ETH 2.0 you need to know and how it's going to be. After all, stage 0 of that legend is only a month away from us.
01
当前的规划
01
前几天V神在Twitter上发布了自己对于以太坊未来5-10年的计划路线图。
A few days ago, God V posted on Twitter a road map of his plans for the next 5-10 years of Ether.
长这个样子：
This is what it looks like:
之前爱西欧年代看白皮书，看过不少路线图，但大多都是假大空看上去很美好而已，但V神这个，你可别不把他当回事，因为有够详细，且大概率会实现。
When I read the white papers in the Western European era, I saw a lot of road maps, but most of them just look good in the sky, but don't take them seriously because they're detailed enough and they're likely to happen.
我们目前，终于到了这幅图里的第0阶段。
We have now finally reached stage 0 of this picture.
笔者之前文章曾经提过，2019年之后，公链新技术对于普通投资者来说，已经变得越来越难理解，甚至有技术背景也一样，除非，你从事过真正的区块链开发。
As I mentioned in previous articles, after 2019, new public-chain technologies have become increasingly difficult for ordinary investors to understand, even with a technical background, unless you have been engaged in genuine block-chain development.
像是当年比特币，以太坊1.0、EOS这样简洁的共识，技术实现，优劣对比之类的文章，可能不太多见了。比如你找人写个ETH2.0，Polkadot，Cosmos共识技术路线与共识优劣对比，首先能真正写好的人，估计不太多，而是即便写出来，估计能真正看懂的人，更少。而且新一代公链，对比的不光是技术路线，还有链上治理方案，开发者生态和开发难易度等等……
Bitcoin, a simple consensus like Tai Chamber 1.0, EOS, technology realization, good comparison, and so on, may not be so many. For example, you get someone to write an ETH 2.0, Polkadot, Cosmos Consensus technology line versus bad consensus, first of all, someone who can really write, not much, but even if it's written, even fewer.
好在现阶段，我们还不需要操心那么多，毕竟Cosmos的IBC还没开完完成，Polkadot还没上线，ETH2.0的phase 0 也还没到，真正的技术优劣比拼，估计得是明后年的事儿了
At this stage, we don't have to worry so much about the IBC in Cosmos, Polkadot, ETH 2.0, phase 0.
阶段0要做的事情——信标链（Beacon Chain）
Phase 0 - The beacon chain
信标链算的上是整个以太坊2.0的最核心部分，如果你熟悉波卡的话，他和波卡的中继链概念非常像。
The beacon chain is calculated as the most central part of the entire Ethio 2.0 , and if you are familiar with Poca, his and Poca's relay concept is very similar.
信标链是管理协调64条分片链（原先设计是1024条，后来发现步子太大，砍到了64）的“命令和控制中心”。
The beacon chain is the “command and control centre” that manages the coordination of 64 sub-chains (previously designed to be 1024 and later discovered to be too large to cut down to 64).
Polkadot的中继链是所有平行链的“命令和控制中心”。
Polkadot's relay chain is the “centre of command and control” of all parallel chains.
要不怎么说波卡的设计，本质上就是一个极端的分片系统呢。
What if Poca's design is essentially an extreme fragment system?
两者的主要区别在于，信标链管理的是同构的分片链（共享安全），通过平均分配来分散网络负载，而中继链管理的是异构的平行链（同样共享安全），通过确保每个链都处理好自己那摊事儿来分散网络的负载。
The main difference between the two is in , where the beacon chain is managed by a co-structured subsystem (shared security), where network loads are spread by even distribution, while the trunk chain is managed by a parallel isomer (same shared security) chain, where the network loads are spread by ensuring that each chain handles its own share.
具体还有其他许多细节的不同，并非本文主旨，暂且先放下不表。
In particular, there are many other details, which are not the thrust of the present paper, and which should be set aside for the time being.
关于阶段0或者说信标链，作为非技术人员，你大概需要知道以下几个概念，应该就OK了。
about stage 0 or the beacon chain, as a non-technical person, you probably need to know the following concepts, which should be OK.
信标链主要功能一：质押系统网关
Main function of the beacon chain
这可能是信标链的最重要功能了，即让验证者可以参与质押系统、替代矿工的角色而成为链的构建者，PoW没有了，取而代之的是PoS。
This may be the most important function of the beacon chain, i.e. to allow the certificationer to participate in the pledge system and to act as an alternative to the miners and become the builder of the chain, without PoW, which is replaced by PoS.
至于怎么成为“矿工”，相信你肯定知道，质押32个ETH就行。老铁，手里有32个ETH不？
As for becoming a miner, I'm sure you know that 32 ETHs are pledged. Iron, there's 32 ETHs in hand.
信标链主要功能二：存储认证Attestation
beacon chain primary function II: storage authentication Attestation
信标链还要干的事情就是——像灯塔或是信标一样协调分片的状态以及通信，方式方法主要就是靠存在信标链上的这个 Attestation。
What the beacon chain still has to do is -- it coordinates the segment status and communication like lighthouses or beacons, mainly through the presence of this Attestation on the beacon chain.
Attestation不是类似ETH主链的那种直接的交易数据，而是经过确认并且由验证者签过名的交易的哈希值，它们实时记录着一个特定分片的状态，但凡分片的状态发生改变（比如某个账户余额变了），验证者提交变化给信标链，信标链通过这些哈希追踪变化，并建立分片间的联系以及通信。
Attestation is not a direct transaction data similar to the ETH main chain, but rather the Hashi value of a transaction that is confirmed and signed by the certifying authority, which records in real time the status of a particular segment, but changes in the status of a segment (e.g. a change in an account balance), the proofer submits a change to the beacon chain, and the beacon chain tracks the change through them, and establishes inter-disconnection and communication.
一旦阶段0激活，将存在两条以太坊区块链：Eth1链（PoW主链）和Eth2链（信标链/PoS链）
Once stage 0 is activated, there will be two Eth1 (PoW) and Eth2 (beacon/PoS)
想要参与验证的读者，也就是ETH1的用户需要注册合约来把ETH换成ETH2），且阶段0不支持从信标链中撤回或转移ETH2，ETH1一经存入验证者注册合约后，将在以太坊1.0链中被销毁。
Readers wishing to participate in the validation, i.e. users of ETH1, need to register a contract to replace ETH2 with ETH2, and stage 0 does not support the withdrawal or transfer of ETH2 from the beacon chain, which will be destroyed in the Etheria 1.0 chain once it has been entered into the certification contract.
02
阶段0的进度到哪了
02
where's stage 0 at .
进度到哪了——基本上就是测试网状态，目前来看还算顺利。
What's the progress --
Prysmatic客户端这边——前三个月成功运行的Sapphire测试网关闭，新的Topaz测试网成功启动，有兴趣的读者可以去参加测试——值得注意的是，头部交易平台OKEx已经开始行动抢先支持了Topaz测试网，也算是全网首家公开接入ETH2.0测试网的大型矿池。
The Prysmati client side — the Sapphire test network that was successfully run during the first three months was closed, the new Topaz test network was successfully launched, and interested readers were allowed to participate in the tests — it is noteworthy that the Head Exchange platform OKEx has already taken action to support the Topaz test network, which is the first large mine to have open access to the ETH 2.0 test network.
LightHouse客户端下个版本的测试网上周启动，主攻测试网互操作性（当前几个测试网都是单一客户端，联合测试网在几周后推出）。
The next version of the test web week was launched by Lighthouse client and the main offensive test network interoperability (currently several test networks are single-client and the joint testing network is launched in a few weeks).
03
对区块链世界，或者说我们投资者产生的影响
for the block chain world or the impact of our investors
其实这才是重要的，ETH2.0上线以后，哪怕仅仅是阶段0，也会对现有区块链世界产生技术上，经济上的许多影响，当前能想到的，主要是下面几个:
That's what matters. When ETH 2.0 is online, even stage zero, it will have many technical and economic implications for the world of the existing block chain.
1.技术上——课代表要完成第一篇作业了
1. Technical -- class delegates are completing their first assignment .
你想，从18年那会zillqa到现在，为什么那么多分片项目都还没出来？
You think since 18 years, Zillqa, why haven't all these sub-projects come out yet?
原因很简单——因为课代表还没做完作业，没得抄！
The reason is simple -- because the class representative hasn't finished his homework and can't copy it!
笔者之前的文章有提过，区块链10年下来，原创度上，比特币算一个，ETH算半个，EOS可能有0.1。其他的各种链，看下来，本质上都是抄这仨课代表的作业，然后改改完事。
As I wrote earlier, 10 years after the block chain was created, bitcoin was one, ETH was half, EOS was probably 0.1. The other chains, in essence, look at the work that these three classes represent, and then change things.
ETH2.0的分片完成之前，市面上大概率不会有什么能打的，成熟度很高的分片公链是真的能用的。
Until ETH 2.0 is completed, there is probably nothing on the market to play, and a public chain with a high degree of maturity can really be used.
当然ETH2.0里面，阶段1才是真的实现分片链，但是信标链这个调度中心的雏形在阶段0就有了，在阶段0到阶段1的这1年左右时间，我们应该会看到其他分片项目的进展同时取得相应较大的进步。
In ETH 2.0, of course, stage 1 is the true realization of the segment chain, but the beacon chain is the beginning of the dispatch centre at phase 0. In the course of the year or so of phase 0 to phase 1, we should be able to see the progress of other sub-projects at the same time.
而在阶段1到阶段2，即实现了分片链互通和智能合约之后，对于以高性能TPS为主的公链，像是EOS，TRON等DPoS，应该会是个不小的冲击。
Phases 1 to 2, i.e., the realization of segmental connectivity and smart contracts, should be a significant impact on high-performance TPS-based public chains, such as DPIs such as EOS, Tron and others.
还有，需要知道的是，ETH2.0本质上不是1.0的升级或者硬分叉什么的，它是一条新链，从头搭建的崭新的链。
Also, what you need to know is that ETH 2.0 is not essentially an upgrade of 1.0 or a hard fork or something, it's a new chain, a brand new one built from the top.
2.经济上——从PoW和PoS两个方面来看
2. Economic - in both PoW and PoS
PoW——众所周知，ETH2是PoS，不是PoW，等到进入阶段一，ETH1完全以分片链融合进ETH2之后，ETH1上的PoW也会被彻底弃用，转入PoS。
PoW — As is well known, ETH2 is PoS, not PoW, and when it enters stage one, ETH1 is fully integrated into ETH2, the PoW on ETH1 will also be completely discarded and transferred to PoS.
到时候，这么多的ETH矿机显然不会眼睁睁的看他们变成废铁，一些其他的矿币可能会因此而受益，目前来看，ETC以及一些GPU算力的矿币最有可能会是这些矿机的下一站去处。
By that time, it is clear that many of these ETH machines will not be allowed to see them turn into scrap iron, and that some other mineral coins may benefit from them. At present, it is most likely that the ETC and some GPU numeracy mineral coins will be the next stop for these machines.
PoS——质押是个很有意思的话题，因为这牵扯到有多少人会去锁，怎么锁，以及锁了之后对价格影响三个大的因素：
Pos - The pledge is an interesting topic, 多少人会去锁——你觉得可能有很多？还真不一定，阶段0的时候你质押的ETH1变成ETH2，是个有去无回的过程，得阶段1才能转换，所以说这一年不管你收益如何，基本上相当于锁仓挖矿了，不能交易不能变现。阶段1保守估计1年左右，拖到2年也毫不奇怪，你真的愿意锁这么久？ How many people are going to lock up ? Do you think there may be a lot? Not necessarily. The ETH1 you pledged at phase 0 becomes ETH2, it's a process of no return, it's a phase 1 conversion, so this year, whatever your earnings, it's basically like locking a mine, it's not going to be traded. Phase 1, conservatively estimated for about one year, and it's not surprising that you're going to lock it up for two years. 怎么锁——相信很多散户手里没有32个ETH，但也想参加质押，咋办嘞？根据以往Tezos，Cosmos等的经验，国内肯定会有代理服务，比如几个大的交易平台矿池。有币不会做节点的人家可以帮你做，不够32个ETH的人家可以委托抵押，收个服务费完事，到时候看到ETH2的期货或是其他相关的权益产品，也丝毫不会觉得奇怪。 How do you lock up — I'm sure there are 32 ETHs in the hands of a lot of bulkies, but what do you want to do about it? Based on the experience of Tezos, Cosmos, etc., there will certainly be proxy services in the country, such as a few large trading platforms or pits. People who don't have money to do nodes can do it for you. People who don't have 32 ETHs can order mortgages, collect a service fee, and then see the futures of ETH2 or other related equity products, it's no surprise. 价格的影响——从乐观角度来看，应该是挺大的。因为根据模型测算，Stake以太出块的收益要降低到接近当前DeFi的利率，差不多得锁掉两三千万的ETH才行。（跟PoW类似，挖矿的人越少，单个矿工的收益就越高，开始高收益自然会吸引越来越多的矿工进来） The impact of the price of - , from an optimistic point of view, should be quite significant. Because, based on model calculations, Stake would have to lock 20 million ETH off near the current DeFi interest rate. (The smaller the diggers are, the higher the returns for individual miners, and the higher the returns will naturally attract more and more miners.) 这是什么概念呢？给你举俩数据你就知道了： What is this concept? You'll find out by giving you two figures: 1是目前最火的DeFi，2020年巅峰时期锁掉的ETH是多少呢？300多万——那么想象一下锁3000万的时候，对于市面上ETH供应量的影响会有多大？ One is the hottest DeFi at the moment, how many ETHs were locked at the peak of the year 2020? 3 million people -- how much effect would it have on the supply of ETH on the market when it was locked at 30 million? 2是PoS的两个明星项目，Tezos，Cosmos，他们目前的锁仓率是多少呢？90%以上。换句话说，这两个明星PoS项目当前的价格，是靠着锁仓90%以上流通的方式撑起来的。那么你猜，ETH的锁仓从当前DeFi时代的3%上升到ETH2.0 30%的时候，会发生什么呢？你品，你细品，你仔细品。 Two of PoS's stars projects, Tezos, Cosmos, what is their current lock-up rate? More than 90%. , in other words, the current prices of these two stars' Pos projects are supported by more than 90% of the flow of the lock-up. 3.生态上 3. Ecologically DAPP——根据V神那张图大概率会在Phase 1到阶段2的某个时间点接入ETH2.0，ETH1届时应该会是以一条分片链（分片0）的形式接入ETH2.0。那么对于现有的以太坊DAPP开发者来说，是先在ETH1上开发用着，还是等两年直接在ETH2.0上开发？毕竟，虽然理论上最终ETH1会以分片链的形式接入ETH2，但作为开发者，你在1.0环境下编写智能合约时的假设，到了2.0真的可以无缝转换过去么？会不会可能需要做很多修改，甚至完全重构? DAPP - According to the V God's diagram, ETH 2.0 will be accessed at a point in Phase 1 through phase 2, and ETH1 will be connected to ETH 2.0 in the form of a segmental chain (separation zero). So for the existing Taifu DAPP developers, does it really need to be developed first on ETH1 or two years directly on ETH 2.0? After all, while the theory is that ETH1 will eventually have access to ETH2 in the form of a segmental chain, as an developer, does it really need to be changed, or even fully re-created? DeFi——DeFi本身也是由DAPP构成，所以DAPP的对于1.0和2.0的顾虑，DeFi同样会有。 DeFi - DeFi itself is made up of DAPP, so DAPP's concerns about 1.0 and 2.0 will be shared by DeFi. 同时，DeFi相对于DAPP，还有一个更为重要的特点，那就是可组合性——目前又在圈内被称作 “以太坊的货币乐高”。比如，你去MakerDAo抵押了手里的ETH，生成了DAI，又把这些DAI拿去Compound去借贷。于是这个积木便是底层ETH+中层MakerDao+上层Compound，之前几个月发生的几起重大DeFi安全事故，也都和这种搭积木的组合方式有关。当前业内对于这种搭积木方式及利弊的讨论也是如火如荼。 At the same time, there is a more important feature of DeFi than the DAPP, namely, combinability — which is now referred to in the circle as “the Etherbank currency Lego.” For example, you go to MakerDAo to mortgage the ETH in your hand, generate DAIs, and take them to Compound to borrow. This log is then the bottom ETH+ middle MakerDao+ upper Compound, and several major DeFi security accidents that occurred in the months preceding 而当分片链开始运行时，原先乐高里面牵扯到的合约与交易，现在大概率将会分布在不同的分片链中。原先垂直分散排列的DeFi乐高，现在变成既垂直，又水平分散的排列方式，这对于其安全性以及可组合性都提出了新的挑战。具体会变成什么样，我们只能“拭目以待”。 And when the segment chain starts to run, the contracts and transactions involved in Lego will probably now be distributed in different segments. DeFi Lego, originally vertically and horizontally, has now become vertically and horizontally distributed, posing new challenges to its security and combinability. We can only “see” what happens. 关于ETH2.0, 你还有什么想要知道的？欢迎来留言区告诉我们。
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