全方位解析跨链基础设施协议Xbridge

币圈资讯 阅读:39 2024-04-22 10:12:32 评论:0
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导读

跨链技术赛道因众多跨链桥遭受攻击并受到重大损失而成为区块链领域安全隐患的焦点。这一赛道由于安全问题而往往被投资者所忽视。然而,随着技术的不断进步,一批新兴的跨链协议开始摆脱传统跨链桥的局限,采纳创新的跨链架构来解决跨链技术中的核心难题,即所谓的“不可能三角”。Xbridge协议便是这样一种努力的典范。本文将深入剖析Xbridge这一新型跨链基础设施协议,从其底层协议到跨链桥应用等各个方面进行全面分析。

背景‍

跨链互操作性协议,通常称为桥接器,在区块链基础设施中扮演着至关重要的角色,同时也是其中最脆弱的环节之一。这种脆弱性主要来源于安全问题和中心化风险。桥接器作为连接不同区块链网络的枢纽,常常成为攻击者的目标,因为它们通常涉及大量资产的转移。此外,如果桥接器的设计或实现存在缺陷,也可能导致资金丢失或被盗。

随着模块化区块链、L2 rollups和特定应用链的兴起,区块链的数量和多样性正在迅速增长。这些链通过利用其独特的优势,促进了生态系统内应用的显著增长。然而,这种增长同时也带来了流动性、去中心化应用(dApp)服务和用户之间的碎片化。这种碎片化造成了生态系统与主链网络之间的显著摩擦。在多链的未来,数据和价值在链之间的流动性至关重要,因为它允许更有效的资产利用、增强了不同生态系统之间的互动,并支持更广泛的创新和用户参与。

Xbridge协议正是为了应对这些挑战而设计的。它不仅旨在解决区块链生态系统中的碎片化问题,而且着眼于提高桥接器的安全性和稳定性。通过汇集来自各个区块链生态系统的用户、流动性和交互活动,Xbridge致力于解决Web3多链环境中的流动性、应用服务和用户参与的碎片化问题。它通过创建一个更加安全、高效和用户友好的桥接环境,使数据和价值能够在多个区块链间顺畅流动,从而推动整个区块链行业的发展和创新。

解决方案‍

Xbridge是一种创新的去中心化跨链基础设施,它不仅提供了标准的跨链桥应用,而且引入了以意图为中心的技术解决方案,实现了更为先进的“意图跨链”功能。这种功能的核心在于不仅仅转移资产,而是允许用户在不同区块链之间转移复杂的操作意图和逻辑。

与传统的跨链桥应用相比,Xbridge的独特之处在于其两层结构:

底层的跨链协议和构建于该协议之上的应用层。这种分层架构使得跨链操作更为灵活和安全,允许用户在保持资金安全的同时,实现复杂的跨链交互。

底层协议负责处理资产和数据的安全跨链传输,确保在不同的区块链网络之间的交易能够快速、安全地进行。而在这个基础之上,Xbridge的应用层则专注于实现用户的具体意图和操作,如交易执行、智能合约互动等,这进一步丰富了跨链技术的应用场景。

此外,Xbridge的这种创新架构有效地将资金流动与跨链操作逻辑分离,这样不仅提高了交易的安全性,也为用户提供了更加丰富和灵活的跨链交互体验。通过这种方式,Xbridge不仅解决了传统跨链桥的限制,而且开辟了区块链互操作性的新境界。

1.去中心化的跨链协议

当前跨链协议领域主要存在三种类型的解决方案:

  • Cosmos的IBC的共识轻客户端,具有高度安全性和最小信任度

  • 基于验证者的系统 — Wormhole、LayerZero和Axelar等大多数协议采用的方法 — 由一组验证者在链下验证消息

  • Optimistic消息系统 — Nomad桥是其中最突出的 — 在纠纷窗口期间依赖链下有效性检查,类似于Optimistic Rollups

每种方法都有其优缺点,在速度、成本和安全性之间寻求平衡,然而,它们仍面临着在确保足够安全的同时提升跨链效率和降低成本的挑战。

Xbridge协议正是在这一背景下应运而生,旨在更有效地解决上述平衡问题。Xbridge Protocol是一种采用任意消息传递 AMP(Arbitrary Message Passing, AMP) 的跨链协议。该协议在源链上确定目标链的执行方和具体Calldata。传统的AMP协议面临数据传输量大、跨链交易成本高和底层安全验证问题的挑战,尤其是在涉及Oracle和Relayer的信任问题时。

为应对这些挑战,Xbridge引入了重新质押(restaking)机制,这是一种新的加密经济安全原语。该机制使Xbridge能够利用以太坊主网共识,在共识层上实现跨链数据传输和验证的去中心化、安全可靠。此外,Xbridge还在Restaking架构的AVS层构建了超轻节点(Ultra Light Node),实现端对端的数据传输,简化了部署过程并提高了传输效率。超轻节点由于底层基于Restaking的共识,从而继承了以太坊网络的安全性。

Xbridge通过引入以意图为中心的解决方案,进一步提升了跨链效率和降低了成本。该协议创建了一个独特的工作框架(下图),其中包括两个关键角色:去中心化做市商(DMM)和求解者(Solver)。Xbridge将目标链的DMM和Solver从协议中解耦,用户的意图上链后,由Solver在目标链上提供具体的Calldata。这种方法显著降低了数据传输量,从而减少了跨链交易的费用。此外,Solver在目标链上的介入使得跨链协议更加高效,使用户操作能够以更低的成本完成。

2.融合账户抽象(Account Abstraction,AA)功能跨链桥应用

Xbridge跨链桥应用通过集成账户抽象(Account Abstraction,AA)功能,提供了一种独特且创新的跨链解决方案。与传统的跨链桥依赖自身资金池不同,Xbridge摒弃了这一模式,代之以引入去中心化做市商(DMM)来提供多链流动性。这种设计不仅提高了资金流的效率,还大幅减少了资金池遭受黑客攻击的风险。

使用账户抽象的优势

  • 个性化跨链交易:AA允许Xbridge实现跨链执行的高度可编程性,为用户提供定制化的跨链体验。

  • 灵活的资产管理:通过账户抽象,Xbridge使资产管理与跨链交易逻辑完全解耦,增加了系统的灵活性和安全性。

  • 提升用户体验:用户可以享受到更为顺畅和个性化的跨链操作,无需担心复杂的资金池管理或安全风险。

跨链用例‍

Xbridge的创新之处在于其基于意图的跨链机制,这允许去中心化做市商(DMM)利用自身资产为用户垫付,确保用户在目标链上迅速接收到跨链资产。这种方法大大提高了跨链交易的执行效率。此外,Xbridge的可编程特性使得用户的跨链操作更加灵活高效:用户的多笔小额跨链交易可以合并为一次大额交易以减少手续费,或者将一笔大额交易智能拆分并分配给不同的DMM执行,以优化流动性使用和降低成本。这样的设计不仅降低了用户在进行跨链操作时的成本,还极大地提升了整体的用户体验。

行业创新

Xbridge不仅是行业首个融合账户抽象实现跨链执行的桥接应用,而且通过其协议和桥应用的组合,能够连接任何信息或资产,并具备可编程性。这种基于意图的互操作性解决方案,提供了在跨链环境中编程跨链逻辑的能力,这在当前的跨链技术领域中属于开创性的先进实践。

Xbridge通过其独特的跨链桥应用,结合账户抽象和去中心化做市商的创新方法,不仅提供了更高效、更安全的跨链解决方案,还在提升用户体验和降低操作成本方面取得了显著成果。这种资金流与跨链协议的分离以及可编程的跨链逻辑实现,标志着Xbridge在解决现有跨链技术挑战方面的重大突破。

Xbridge在与LayerZero和Chainlink等突出的跨链协议的比较中展现了其独特的优势。LayerZero采用了预言机(Oracle)和中继器(Relayers)的组合来确认跨链交易的有效性,这需要应用程序基于其协议构建,而不是仅仅连接现有的区块链应用。虽然LayerZero提供了定制验证库、oracle和relayer的选项,但这依然依赖于特定的实现以实现去中心化。此外,LayerZero的处理速度受限于跨链Relayer和Verifier的执行时间,可能会影响到用户在目标链上的体验。

Chainlink则提出了Chainlink CCIP,一种尚未上线的跨链互操作解决方案。类似于LayerZero,CCIP依赖于多重签名(multisig)来验证、排序和传递链间消息。CCIP的核心依赖于Chainlink的预言机,这些预言机允许将数据包含在Chainlink的价格参考源中。

与之相比,Xbridge采用了restaking机制和超轻节点,这不仅提高了其协议的去中心化程度,而且达到了与以太坊网络相当的安全级别。这种机制允许Xbridge以更轻快的方式实现安全共识,相较于LayerZero和Chainlink所需构建的复杂共识层,Xbridge提供了一种更加高效和安全的解决方案。这使得Xbridge在跨链协议的竞争中具有显著优势,特别是在提供快速、安全和用户友好的跨链体验方面。

总结‍

Xbridge在跨链技术领域中突破了传统界限,不仅在安全性、成本和效率方面提供了革命性的解决方案,而且通过引入以意图为中心的工作框架,为跨链可编程性增添了新维度。这种创新极大地提升了用户的跨链互操作体验,为Web3的广泛应用铺平了道路。Xbridge的模块化路线图进一步加强了其协议的灵活性和易用性,将核心组件(包括验证层、通信层、执行层、结算层和应用层)分解为独立模块,便于其他应用轻松集成并利用其协议。这种设计有利于其生态系统的建设和发展。

除了其高效的跨链桥应用,Xbridge的底层协议还具备显著的业务扩展性。开发者可以在其协议之上构建各种应用,如跨链交易、跨链网格交易、跨链量化交易等。这种可扩展性不仅为开发者提供了广泛的创新空间,也使得Xbridge能够灵活地适应市场的新需求和机遇。综合来看,Xbridge不仅优化了现有的跨链桥应用,还为未来的区块链创新和应用探索了新的可能性。


Guided reading cross-chain technology track has become the focus of security risks in the blockchain field because many cross-chain bridges have been attacked and suffered heavy losses. This track is often ignored by investors because of security problems. However, with the continuous progress of technology, a number of emerging cross-chain protocols have begun to get rid of the limitations of traditional cross-chain bridges and adopt innovative cross-chain architecture to solve the core problems in cross-chain technology, that is, the so-called impossible trinity protocol is a model of such efforts. This paper will deeply analyze this new cross-chain foundation. The facility protocol is comprehensively analyzed from its underlying protocols to cross-chain bridge applications. Background Cross-chain interoperability protocols are often called bridges, which play a vital role in blockchain infrastructure and are also one of the most vulnerable links. This vulnerability mainly comes from security issues and centralization risks. As a hub connecting different blockchain networks, bridges often become the target of attackers because they usually involve the transfer of a large number of assets. In addition, if the bridge is designed or implemented, Existing defects may also lead to the loss or theft of funds. With the rise of modular blockchains and specific application chains, the number and diversity of blockchains are growing rapidly. These chains have promoted the remarkable growth of applications in the ecosystem by taking advantage of their unique advantages. However, this growth has also brought about the decentralization of liquidity, the fragmentation between application services and users, which has caused significant friction between the ecosystem and the main chain network. The future data and value of multiple chains will flow between the chains. Mobility is very important because it allows more effective asset utilization, enhances the interaction between different ecosystems and supports a wider range of innovation and user participation protocols. It is designed to meet these challenges. It not only aims at solving the fragmentation problem in the blockchain ecosystem, but also focuses on improving the safety and stability of the bridge. It is committed to solving the mobile application services and user participation in the multi-chain environment by bringing together user mobility and interaction activities from various blockchain ecosystems. By creating a safer, more efficient and user-friendly bridging environment, data and value can flow smoothly between multiple blockchains, thus promoting the development and innovation of the whole blockchain industry. The solution is an innovative decentralized cross-chain infrastructure, which not only provides standard cross-chain bridge applications, but also introduces an intention-centered technical solution to realize a more advanced intention cross-chain function. The core of this function is not only to transfer assets but to allow. Users transfer complex operation intentions and logic between different blockchains. Compared with the traditional cross-chain bridge application, it is unique in its two-layer structure, the underlying cross-chain protocol and the application layer built on the protocol. This layered architecture makes cross-chain operation more flexible and safe, allowing users to realize complex cross-chain interaction while maintaining the safety of funds. The underlying protocol is responsible for handling the safe cross-chain transmission of assets and data, ensuring that transactions between different blockchain networks can be carried out quickly and safely. On this basis, the application layer focuses on realizing users' specific intentions and operations, such as transaction execution and intelligent contract interaction, which further enriches the application scenarios of cross-chain technology. In addition, this innovative architecture effectively separates the capital flow from the cross-chain operation logic, which not only improves the security of transactions, but also provides users with a richer and more flexible cross-chain interaction experience. In this way, it not only solves the limitations of traditional cross-chain bridges, but also opens up a new realm of blockchain interoperability. At present, there are three types of solutions in the field of cross-chain protocols. The light client has high security and minimum trust. The methods adopted by most protocols are verified by a group of verifiers under the chain. The message system bridge is one of the most prominent ones. During the dispute window, the effectiveness check under the chain is similar to each method, which has its advantages and disadvantages. However, they still face the challenge of finding a balance between speed, cost and security. The challenge of improving cross-chain efficiency and reducing cost while maintaining sufficient security is that the protocol came into being under this background. It is a cross-chain protocol that uses arbitrary message delivery to solve the above-mentioned balance problem more effectively. The protocol determines the executor of the target chain and the concrete traditional protocol faces the challenges of large data transmission, high cross-chain transaction cost and low-level security verification, especially when it comes to trust issues. This is a new one. This mechanism enables the decentralization of cross-chain data transmission and verification on the consensus layer by using the consensus of Ethereum main network. In addition, an ultra-light node is built on the architecture layer to realize end-to-end data transmission, which simplifies the deployment process and improves the transmission efficiency. The ultra-light node inherits the security of Ethereum network because of the consensus based on the bottom layer, and further improves the cross-chain efficiency and reduces the cost by introducing an intention-centered solution. A unique working framework is established, which includes two key roles: the decentralized market maker and the solver. After decoupling the user's intention from the agreement, the target chain is provided with details. This method significantly reduces the data transmission volume, thus reducing the cost of cross-chain transactions. In addition, the intervention in the target chain makes the cross-chain agreement more efficient and enables the user to complete the abstract function of the integrated account at a lower cost. Cross-chain bridge applications are drawn through integrated accounts. Image function provides a unique and innovative cross-chain solution, which is different from the traditional cross-chain bridge relying on its own fund pool. Instead, it introduces decentralized market makers to provide multi-chain liquidity. This design not only improves the efficiency of capital flow, but also greatly reduces the risk of hacker attacks on the fund pool. Using the advantages of account abstraction, personalized cross-chain transactions allow cross-chain execution to be highly programmable, providing users with customized cross-chain experience and flexible asset management through accounts. Abstraction completely decouples asset management from cross-chain transaction logic, which increases the flexibility and security of the system and improves the user experience. Users can enjoy smoother and more personalized cross-chain operations without worrying about complex fund pool management or security risks. The innovation of cross-chain use cases lies in its intention-based cross-chain mechanism, which allows decentralized market makers to use their own assets to advance for users and ensure that users can quickly receive cross-chain assets on the target chain. This method greatly improves the execution efficiency of cross-chain transactions. In addition, the programmable features make the cross-chain operations of users more flexible and efficient. Many small cross-chain transactions of users can 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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