Metis vs Espresso:哪种去中心化排序器代表未来?

币圈资讯 阅读:34 2024-04-22 10:09:39 评论:0
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作者:Haotian,独立研究员 来源:@tmel0211

一边是 MetisL2 顶着万难大兴去中心化Sequencer建设,一边是 EspressoSys 基于模块化搞共享Sequencer方案大杀四方,有人也许会问,都要实现排序器的去中心化,Metis尝试的“自营店”和Espresso的“外包模块”,到底有啥区别?

在我看来,Sequencer排序器去中心化只是layer2基础infra成型的前提,真正的挑战在于去中心化生态体系的构建。来,接下来,我来谈谈我的理解。

最近,Metis正在推进Sequencer的去中心化进程,社区测试也在紧锣密鼓进行中,一度都把Metis主网的TPS拉高到Ethereum Top3。

这其实只是去中心化Sequencer技术层的压力测试,以确保正式上线后能够稳步运作,比如,多Sequencer轮换机制,单Sequencer作恶惩罚设计,Sequencer MEV如何问题,Sequencer矿工生态参与问题等等。

1)POS出块权:Metis引入了一个Sequencer池,Sequencer节点需要Staking 2万个Metis轮流出块,较高的参与门槛保证了节点的运营能力,以及出特殊通信状况时的修复能力,同时也威慑来了节点单点作恶的可能性。

2)社区压力测试:在上线Sepolia测试网之后,1月份Metis展开了社区压力测试,目前测试网已经进行600多次测序轮换,超300万笔交易,以此来检验Sequencer轮换机制的出块稳定性,为去中心化Sequencer正式主网上线做铺垫。

3)MEV处理:若是中心化Sequencer可通过任意排序来搞MEV夹子行动,但去中心化环境下,就需要一个独立的节点来监控各个Sequencer的排序出块行为,Metis上有专门的L2 Ranger节点对Sequencer生成的区块做抽样检查,以防止交易次序被调换。

不过,纯粹靠抽查监督惩罚多少有些被动,在MEV的对抗后期,Ranger节点完全可以成为类似MEV-Boost一样的MEV专项管道,以MEV的方式控制MEV的“失控”?

4)LSD质押挖矿生态落地: ENKIProtocol LSD 协议即将在Metis生态上线,其目标解决Sequencer矿工挖矿后的Reward在整个去中心化经济体的流通应用问题,显然作为$METIS的主要产出源,矿工们是否愿意把Token进行质押借贷挖矿,对整个$METIS生态的后续发展很重要。

总之,在我看来,去中心化Sequencer的技术问题并不复杂,难得是背后一套稳健的去中心化生态建设、扶持、利益分配和激励模型。

应该讲,技术问题只是Sequencer去中心化问题的冰山一角,一系列围绕市场、生态、运营、用户等综合落地的服务和体验才是去中心化sequencer工程的重头戏。

以上阐述了Metis去中心化Sequencer推进中存在的挑战,基于此再来梳理Espreeso的共享Sequencer方案,理解起来就容易了。

简单来说: EspressoSys 为Rollups提供了一个模块化Sequencer共享组件,相当于穿插一个Sequencer Mempool预处理过程。

原先用户调用RPC请求发送交易会直接提交给Sequencer处理中心,现在可以会先经过Espresso共享Sequencer中心,由Espresso依次批次处理这些交易排序请求,然后Batch后返还状态给layer2。

Espresso有一套Hotshot权益证明系统,相当于Metis的POS质押系统,以此来保证Sequencer的去中心化以及对应奖惩机制的设计;而且,Espresso大概率会和Eigenlayer合作,外包以太坊的Validators来提供安全共识。此外,还有其配备的Espresso DA功能也是一大亮点。

有意思的是,若用户提交的一笔跨链需求,都要经过Espresso的共享Sequencer,理论上Espresso可以在Mempool环境实现交易状态转换,以此减少跨链提交状态和主网交互的交易损耗。(轻量化想象空间会很大)

总之,Espresso和Celestia的打法类似,把layer2们都需要的去中心化Sequencer需求抽象成一种共享排序器“商品”,以模块化高度适配的方式向layer2生态持续渗透。

这是一种基于模块化思想的讨巧做法,由于拥有成本低、快速高效等优势,势必会吸引一大批“一键发链”需求的layer2。

不过,在我看来,模块化是把双刃

剑,适度的模块化会大幅降低开发成本,但若过度就会导致后续的生态发展缺乏源头活力:

1)模块化组件的轻量属性可以助力,Layer2开发者低成本快速起链,且当DA能力和Sequencer排序器都成为外包商品后,layer2链的数量和更迭速度也会加速。

我之前撰文说过,当layer2项目数量批量涌现后,品牌、市场、生态等综合软实力会成为layer2的核心。届时一条layer2是不是由以太坊提供DA,有没有独立可靠的去中心化Sequencer,有没有成熟稳定且增长潜力的生态落地才是关键。组件的模块化会加速layer2市场的层级分化,头部layer2和中尾部layer2会走截然不同的道路;(OP 和ZK 倒是可以用模块化带动其Stack战略落地)

2)DA能力外包后,若再把Sequencer外包,未来Prover系统也来外包,一条layer2能比拼的底牌唯有市场和运维了。

这里存在一个悖论,DA能力放弃以太坊选低成本的Celestia还容易理解,若layer2把最核心的Sequencer收税权利交给外包,手续费该怎么收,生态项目该怎么激励扶持,会存在一系列后续运维难题。

这样的layer2很像是一个“空架子”,表面上光鲜亮丽,实际上缺乏一套独立的去中心化经济体框架,其市场生态很难有做起来的可能性。好比,用模具可以快速拼装组合出一套活动房,但倘若你要建百米大厦,放弃钢架结构,再来用模具试试?

当然,我并不否认,Celestia、Espresso这类模块化范式给整个layer1和layer2生态带来的潜在“变量”空间,它们降低了技术门槛,可以把市场生态体量做到很大,链多了,创新主体才会丰富,市场才会内卷出一些优质的项目出来。价值和意义一定有,short-term 还是 long -term的差异。

总归到底,layer2起链速度再快,存活下来的一定是可以给主网持续带来用户、项目、资金等有效扩容的超级Mass Adoption经济体。


On the one hand, the author's independent researcher comes from the construction of decentralization in spite of all difficulties, and on the other hand, it is based on the modular sharing scheme. Some people may ask what is the difference between the self-operated store that tries to decentralize the sorter and the outsourcing module. In my opinion, decentralization of the sorter is only the premise of basic molding. The real challenge lies in the construction of decentralized ecosystem. Next, I will talk about my understanding. Recently, the decentralization process is being promoted, and community testing is also in full swing. At one time, the main network was raised to the point where it was actually just a stress test at the decentralized technical level to ensure the stable operation after it was officially launched. For example, the multi-rotation mechanism, the design of punishment for single evil, the problem of miners' ecological participation and so on, introduced the right to block, and a pool node needed 10,000 blocks in turn. The higher participation threshold ensured the node's operational ability and repair ability when there was a special communication situation, and also deterred the possibility of single evil at the same time. The community stress test was launched on the online test network. After that, the community stress test was launched in February. At present, the test network has carried out sequencing and rotation for more than 10,000 transactions for many times, so as to test the stability of the rotation mechanism and pave the way for the decentralization of the official main online line. If centralized, it can be clamped by arbitrary sorting, but in the decentralized environment, an independent node is needed to monitor the sorting and blocking behavior. There are special nodes to conduct sampling inspection on the generated blocks to prevent the transaction order from being changed, but only by random inspection, supervision and punishment. More or less passive in the late stage of confrontation, the node can completely become a similar special pipeline. The ecological landing agreement of pledge mining is about to go online in ecology. Its goal is to solve the circulation and application problems of miners in the whole decentralized economy after mining. Obviously, it is the main source of output. Whether miners are willing to pledge lending mining is very important for the subsequent development of the whole ecology. In short, the technical problem of decentralization is not complicated and rare, but it is a set of stability behind it. Decentralized ecological construction support benefit distribution and incentive model should talk about technical issues, which are just the tip of the iceberg of decentralization. A series of integrated services and experiences around market ecological operation users are the highlight of decentralization project. The challenges existing in decentralization promotion are described above, and the sharing scheme based on this is easy to understand. Simply put, it is equivalent to providing a modular sharing component interspersed with a preprocessing process. The original user calls and requests to send. The trade fair will be submitted directly to the processing center, and now it can be processed in batches through the sharing center, and then the status will be returned to the pledge system equivalent to a set of rights and interests certification system to ensure decentralization and the design of the corresponding reward and punishment mechanism, and it is highly probable that it will cooperate with the outsourcing company of Ethereum to provide a security consensus. In addition, its equipped functions are also a highlight. Interestingly, if a cross-chain demand submitted by users is shared theoretically, In order to realize the transaction state transition in the environment, so as to reduce the transaction loss of cross-chain submission state and main network interaction, the light imagination space will be great. In short, the method of summation is similar to abstracting the decentralized demand that we all need into a kind of shared sorter commodity, and continuously infiltrating into the ecology in a modular and highly adaptive way. This is a clever approach based on the modular idea, which is bound to attract a large number of one-click chain demand because of its advantages of low cost, high speed and efficiency, but in my opinion, modularity is a double-edged sword. Moderate modularity will greatly reduce the development cost, but if it is excessive, it will lead to the lack of source vitality in the subsequent ecological development. The lightweight nature of modular components can help developers to quickly start the chain at low cost, and the number and change speed of the chain will also accelerate when the capacity and sorter become outsourced goods. I wrote earlier that when the number of projects emerges in batches, the comprehensive soft power such as brand market ecology will become the core. Will one be provided by Ethereum at that time? Is there an independent and reliable decentralization? The ecological landing with mature, stable and growth potential is the key component. Modularization will accelerate the hierarchical differentiation of the market. The head and the middle and tail will take completely different paths, but modularity can be used to drive its strategic landing ability. If the future system is outsourced after outsourcing, a competitive card will be outsourced. Only when the market and operation and maintenance have a paradox, it is easy to understand how to collect ecological projects if the core tax collection rights are given to outsourcing fees. How to encourage and support will have a series of follow-up operation and maintenance problems, which are very similar to an empty shelf. In fact, it lacks an independent decentralized economic framework, and its market ecology is difficult to be done. For example, if you want to build a 100-meter building and give up the steel frame structure, try using the mold again. Of course, I don't deny the potential variable space brought by such modular paradigms to the whole society and ecology. They have lowered the technical threshold. In order to make the market ecological volume very large, more innovative subjects will enrich the market, and some high-quality projects will be rolled out. There must be a difference in value and significance. In the end, the super economy that can continue to bring users' project funds and other effective expansion to the main network will survive faster. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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