RGB++:为正统比特币L2添砖加瓦

币圈资讯 阅读:41 2024-04-22 09:44:18 评论:0
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作者:Twitter@DaPangDunCrypto;来源:SevenUp DAO

2月13日,CKB的联合创始人Cipher提出了RGB的扩展协议:RGB++。随即在市场上引起很多人的关注,也在一定程度上影响了CKB的二级市场价格。

在这份协议出来之前,我与Cipher针对RGB协议有过几次深入的交流,讨论了该协议的雏形构思,因此写一个短篇阐述我对于RGB++这个协议的通俗理解、个人看法及我认为该协议可能的作用。

一、概述RGB++:扩展RGB技术的使用场景

概括来说,理解RGB++分为以下几点:

1.1它是一个基于 RGB 的扩展协议

它利用了部分RGB协议中的技术,严格上不完全属于RGB的生态项目,但是扩展了RGB技术的使用场景;

1.2它扩展了当下RGB协议的能力

解决了当下 RGB 协议在实际落地中的技术问题,并提供了更多的可能性,比如“验证环节”“合约可编程性”“图灵完备的虚拟机“等;

1.3 它是通过UTXO同构映射来实现的

将比特币 UTXO 映射到 Nervos CKB的 Cell 上,并利用 CKB 链和 Bitcoin 链上的脚本约束来验证状态计算的正确性和变更所有权的有效性。这种同构映射的思路我认为有较强的可扩展性。

二、为什么要提出RGB++协议?

熟悉我的朋友知道,我是一个深耕RGB协议的研究者,一直跟进RGB协议的发展和生态的发展情况。在持续的调研中,我发现尽管RGB协议在设计上非常美好,但是在实际落地过程中存在一些问题:

2.1RGB开发相对缓慢

原因之一是绝大部分的设计都是新的理念或是形成一个新的标准,这些都需要细致的全局构思和全新的代码实现;

原因之二是整个协议层参与的开发者数量较少,从LNP/BP的人员构成还有当下生态项目的数量可见一斑。

2.2 RGB的开发受到一些非受控因素影响

比如:RGB一般来说要构建在闪电网络上,然而当前的bolt-In又不能很好的支持RGB的合约,所以LNP/BP协会提出了一个新的闪电网络标准bifrost,但是这又需要很多的工作要做,甚至需要等待闪电网络的整体发展;

再比如:RGB的转移中会涉及到invoice和committee的传递,当前可以通过比如web2(推特、tg等等)或者p2p的网络来进行,但是如果从统一层面来看的话,需要一个标准的传输标准来进行,这是storm节点,但是构建这样的网络也需要很多工作要做。

2.3 RGB的AIuVM虚拟机目前缺乏完善的开发工具和实践代码

也就是说,即使现在v0.11完全release了,也仍然需要不少时间来检验虚拟机的性能和可靠性,也需要很多时间来积累通过AIuVM开发代码的经验甚至标准库。

这些问题让RGB在这个争分夺秒的市场多少显得有些异类,很像是BTC早期时代的开发状态,这会带来很多不确定性,市场周期的影响(错过资金牛市期),情绪的影响,其他新技术融合(其他技术与RGB部分技术的结合实现“抢跑”)的影响等等。

概括成一句话,就是RGB极具成长性,但协议完全体落地需要时间较长且具有不确定性

这就是RGB++协议提出的背景和要解决的问题。

三、RGB++解决方案的技术重点:同构映射

因此,在早期的交流中,重点在“如何解决RGB落地中的这些问题”“是否可以利用CKB现有的技术来一定程度上解决这个问题”上。

Cipher创造性的利用了RGB的核心点“UTXO”和CKB的底层架构同源的特点,提出了“同构映射”的方案,并逐渐铺设出了“RGB++”的协议内容。

参看下图,他将RGB协议中的两个关键点与CKB的架构做了结合:

1)作为RGB容器的UTXO可以和CKB的Cell进行映射通过Cell中的lock来实现

2)作为验证的链下客户端验证可以转变成CKB的链上公开验证,验证的数据和状态可以对应上Cell里的data和type

JUkRBhVPPb3Yj703dQUPULmBpt7EjSwahfz78mwA.png

来源:https://talk.nervos.org/t/rgb-protocol-light-paper/7733

通过“同构映射”,实现了RGB上committee在CKB上进行解析的过程,并且,配合兼容性,用户依然可以在RGB上进行解析,这是非常有意思的功效。

如果再深入分析,事实上Cipher将RGB的技术进行了“解析化”“模块化”,然后思考某一个模块是否可以有其他的技术路线或者替代选项,从而衍生更多的可能性。

而在“同构映射”后,扩展性就自然而生,可以实现各项扩展功能(具体请参考白皮书):

3.1交易折叠

利用 CKB Cell 的可编程能力,可以将多笔 CKB 交易与一笔 Bitcoin RGB++交易对应,这样就可以将低速低吞吐量的 Bitcoin 链使用高性能的 CKB 链进行扩容。

如果将“交易折叠”再做扩展,原则上并不是每一次状态变化都需要在bitcoin上同步,相当于在CKB上加入了“链下验证”这样的选项。

3.2 无主合约

无主合约指的是任何人在满足合约的约束前提下都可以对状态进行变更,而不要求指定的数字签名提供方进行变更。

这种合约为复杂的合约方式比如AMM等创造了基础

3.3 非交互式转移

RGB 协议转账的一个提点是需要双方通讯某些信息才能完成,其带来了一定的优势(不会收到scam的token等),但是也增加了用户理解难度和产品复杂度。RGB++可以利用当前的优势,将交互行为放置在 ckb环境里面,采用发送-领取两步操作来实现非交互式转账逻辑。

这种转账逻辑是实现大规模空投的基础。

3.4 AMM+DEX

可以引入CKB的网格AMM设计,从而实现基于UTXO的做市商模型,虽然与Uniswap的价格曲线做市模型不同,但是对于UTXO模型来说已经是长足的进步了。

四、RGB++协议的作用

由于协议刚提出,具体的开发实现还没有完成,加上很多人对于RGB协议本身并不足够了解,因此对于RGB++可能引起的“化学反应”还不太敏感,我将从以下几个层面阐述我对于RGB++协议作用的观点:

4.1对于CKB:RGB++会是其争夺比特币正统L2市场的关键锚点之一

CKB因其POW机制+增强的“UTXO”模型享有“正统性”,但其网络及生态发展在早期的众多明星机构投资后并没有亮眼的表现。

其在今年转向到比特币L2后,我认为这对于CKB是一个重大的机遇期。一方面相关的技术底层、基础建设经过这几年的发展已经逐步完善,另一方面算是恰逢其会了这一轮的热点。

在和Cipher的聊天中,他提出一个让我非常受益的观点:

比特币L2之争的关键点在于L1

RGB++让CKB与比特币主链之间产生了更深刻的联系,从而为其带来了更多的“正统性”,这就是我认为其是关键锚点之一的原因。

题外话:关于“正统”L2

L2的概念相对成熟的说法是从ETH上发展而来的,随着各种L2方案的发展、模块化的发展,L2的定义越来越模糊,在ETH上更贴近于实用主义的思路,所谓“正统”的概念是淡化慢慢的。

但是对于比特币网络而言,“正统”的概念一直以一种比较强的信号呈现于其整个发展过程中。当下,按照我个人的观点,L2的“正统性”强度(由高到低)依次为:

1)闪电网络、RGB、BitVM

对于这三者大家都比较熟悉了,总体来说,三者实现的路径有本质上的区别,且针对的点也有所不同,当前发展程度闪电网络相对最为成熟,其次是RGB,最后是BitVM

2)侧链

诸如Liquid、Stacks、CKB之类,他们大多数依然是基于UTXO的架构,加上一定的变形或者创新,实现在扩展性(如隐私性、可编程性)的提升、共识机制上的优化。

侧链在一定程度上可以理解为BTC的实验链,实验在BTC主链上的一些新功能或暂时无法实现的功能。

3)其他

这部分可能包括“基于跨链协议的L2”“基于EVM的L2”等,我基本赞同Aiian老师的看法

3yOCJ4bq1b2pZEh3AdLqz07iRGadvrCtBPZWvdam.png

来源:https://twitter.com/AurtrianAjian/status/1755121187741720964

4.2 对于RGB:RGB++扩充了其与其他UTXO架构公链结合的可能性

RGB协议本身就有与其他UTXO架构公链结合的可能性,LNP/BP协会的官推表明会支持与Liquid的互操作性。

nJmLcGHxdCvAlp5CAmMBKm3LMWWMprmDcoGPPtHo.png

来源:https://x.com/np_bp/status/1747930079252951058?s=20

通过CKB与RGB部分技术的结合,会在一定程度上验证这种结合的“实践有效性”。

更近一步来说:如果我们将RGB++协议再抽象一下,变成一个更加宽泛的扩展层,用于对接RGB协议与所有UTXO架构且有一定扩展性的公链,那么它的叙事和价值会大大增强,这也是我认为Cipher有可能会在下一阶段努力的方向。

同时,这也为RGB生态中的项目发展提供一些其他的备选项,这种备选项不同于简单的“多签跨链桥”,而是基于原生的方式。


The author, from the co-founder of the month, immediately attracted a lot of attention in the market, and also affected the secondary market price to a certain extent. Before this agreement came out, I had several in-depth exchanges with the agreement and discussed the embryonic idea of the agreement, so I wrote a short story to explain my personal understanding of this agreement and my opinion on its possible role. In a nutshell, the understanding is divided into the following points. Based on the extended protocol, it makes use of some ecological projects that the technology in the protocol does not strictly belong to, but expands the application scenarios of the technology. It expands the capabilities of the current protocol, solves the technical problems of the current protocol in actual implementation, and provides more possibilities, such as verifying the link contract programmability, Turing complete virtual machine, etc. It is realized by isomorphic mapping, mapping Bitcoin to the platform, and verifying the correctness and change of state calculation by using chain and script constraints on the chain. The validity of ownership, the idea of isomorphic mapping, I think has strong expansibility. Second, why do you want to propose an agreement? My friends know that I am a researcher who has been deeply involved in the development of the agreement and the ecological development. In the continuous investigation, I found that although the agreement is very beautiful in design, there are some problems in the actual landing process. One of the reasons is that most of the designs are new ideas or form a new standard, which need to be detailed. The second reason for the overall idea and brand-new code implementation is that the number of developers involved in the whole protocol layer is small, which can be seen from the composition of personnel and the number of ecological projects at present. The development is affected by some uncontrollable factors, such as the contract that is generally built on the lightning network but cannot be well supported at present, so the association puts forward a new lightning network standard, but it needs a lot of work to do and even needs to wait for the overall development of the lightning network, such as the transfer. At present, the transfer of sum can be carried out through a network such as Twitter, but from a unified perspective, it needs a standard transmission standard, which is a node, but building such a network also needs a lot of work. At present, the virtual machine lacks perfect development tools and practical code, which means that even if it is completely completed now, it still takes a lot of time to test the performance and reliability of the virtual machine, and it also takes a lot of time to accumulate experience through developing code. To the standard library, these problems make this race against time market somewhat heterogeneous, much like the development state of the early era, which will bring a lot of uncertainties, the impact of missing the capital market cycle, the impact of emotions during the bull market period, the integration of other new technologies, the combination of other technologies and some technologies, and so on, which can be summarized into one sentence: it is extremely growing, but it takes a long time and is uncertain for the agreement to be fully implemented. This is the background of the agreement and the three solutions to be solved. The technical focus of the case is isomorphic mapping. Therefore, in the early communication, the focus was on how to solve these problems in the ground. Can the existing technology be used to solve this problem to a certain extent? On the basis of the homology of the core points and the underlying architecture, the isomorphic mapping scheme was put forward and the protocol content was gradually laid out. See the figure below. He combined the two key points in the protocol with the architecture as a container, and mapped it through the middle to realize the chain as verification. The data and status of public verification in the chain that can be transformed from lower client authentication can correspond to the upper and lower sources, and the process of parsing on the upper and lower is realized through isomorphic mapping, and users can still parse on the upper with compatibility. This is very interesting. If we analyze the technology in depth, we will actually analyze and modularize it, and then think about whether a module can have other technical routes or alternative options to derive more possibilities. After isomorphic mapping, Extensibility is born naturally, and various extension functions can be realized. For details, please refer to the white paper. The programmable ability of transaction folding can correspond multiple transactions to one transaction, so that the chain with low speed and low throughput can be expanded by using a high-performance chain. If the transaction is folded and expanded, in principle, not every state change needs to be synchronized, which is equivalent to adding the option of offline verification on the internet. The contract without owner means that anyone can meet the constraints of the contract. You can change the status without requiring the designated digital signature provider to change it. This contract creates a foundation for complex contract methods, such as sending and receiving. One of the points of non-interactive transfer protocol transfer is that both parties need to communicate some information to complete it, which brings certain advantages and will not be received, but it also increases the difficulty for users to understand and the complexity of products. You can use the current advantages to put the interactive behavior in the environment and adopt two-step operation of sending and receiving to realize the non-interactive transfer logic. This kind of transfer logic is the basis of realizing large-scale airdrop, and the grid design can be introduced to realize it. Although the market maker model based on it is different from the price curve market making model, it has made great progress for the model. The role of the four agreements has just been put forward, and the specific development and implementation of the agreement have not been completed, and many people do not know enough about the agreement itself, so they are not very sensitive to the possible chemical reactions. I will elaborate my views on the role of the agreement from the following aspects. It is one of the key anchor points for it to compete for the orthodox market of Bitcoin, because its model with enhanced mechanism enjoys legitimacy, but its network and ecological development did not show brilliantly after the investment of many star institutions in the early days. After it turned to Bitcoin this year, I think this is a major opportunity period. On the one hand, the underlying infrastructure of related technologies has been gradually improved after several years of development, on the other hand, it coincides with its meeting. In the chat with him, he put forward a hot topic that made me very. Beneficial point of view The key point of the dispute over Bitcoin is that it has a deeper connection with the main chain of Bitcoin, which brings more legitimacy to it. This is why I think it is one of the key anchor points. The statement that the concept of orthodoxy is relatively mature in digression has developed from the ground. With the development of various schemes, the definition of modular development has become more and more blurred, and it is closer to the pragmatic idea. The so-called orthodox concept is fading slowly, but for Bitcoin networks, the concept of orthodoxy has always been presented as a strong signal in the whole development process. According to my personal point of view, it is now positive. 比特币今日价格行情网_okx交易所app_永续合约_比特币怎么买卖交易_虚拟币交易所平台

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