探讨数字人民币+供应链金融，智能合约将如何“助攻”产业发展？

前言

Foreword to

数字人民币自试点以来，试点范围不断扩大，应用场景也不断丰富。而除了零售支付等C端场景之外，对公领域与产业端的发展也至关重要。

Since the pilot, the pilot has been expanding in scope, and the application landscape has been expanding. In addition to end-of-course scenarios such as retail payments, public and industrial developments are crucial.

对于企业而言，数字人民币具有实时结算、零手续费、可追踪等优势，可降低试点商户的手续费成本，有效提升结算效率。数字人民币在B端的应用落地，既是C端零售支付的延伸，也将进一步促进C端零售支付的发展。而在产业端的场景中，供应链金融可以说是最基础、最关键的应用方向之一。

For enterprises, the digital renminbi has the advantage of real-time settlements, zero fees, traceability, etc., to reduce transaction costs for pilot businesses and effectively improve the efficiency of settlements. The digital renminbi application at the end of B is an extension of retail payments at the end of C, which will also further facilitate the development of retail payments at the end of C. Supply chain finance can be said to be one of the most basic and critical applications.

01“数字人民币+供应链金融”可解决企业互信难题一直以来，信用贷款作为最普惠和最基础的金融服务之一，得到了各数字人民币试点地区的重视。

01 “Digital renminbi + supply chain finance” solves the problem of mutual trust among businesses, credit lending, as one of the most inclusive and basic financial services, has been valued by the digital renminbi pilot areas.

今年2月1日，苏州市在召开的数字人民币试点推进会上表示，至2022年末，苏州累计实现数字人民币交易金额超3400亿元，发放数字人民币普惠贷款超187亿元。会上发布的《苏州市数字金融产业发展三年行动计划（2023-2025年）》提出将实现数字人民币中小企业贷款金额超2000亿元。
今年4月，昆山市发布《2023年昆山市深入推进数字人民币试点行动方案》，其中明确表示中小企业数字人民币贷款金额超250亿元。同为江苏省辖地级市，《常州市数字人民币试点工作方案》中则表示2023年以数字人民币发放小微企业贷款至少15亿元。

On 1 February of this year, Suzhou City stated at the Digital renminbi Pilot Promotion Meeting that, by the end of 2022, Suzhou had accumulated over 340 billion yuan in digital renminbi transactions and disbursed over 18.7 billion yuan in digital renminbi inclusive loans. The three-year action plan for the development of the digital financial industry in Suzhou City (2023-2025), published at the meeting, proposed that the amount of digital renminbi loans for small and medium-sized enterprises would be over 200 billion yuan. In April of this year, Kunsan City issued a pilot action programme for the intensive promotion of digital yuan in Kunshan City in 2023, in which it was clearly stated that the amount of loans for small and medium-sized enterprises would exceed 25 billion yuan.

去年11月，福建省要求试点地区运营机构积极通过数字人民币发放纾困贷款，鼓励企业使用数字人民币支付利息、偿还本金。截至2022年末，通过数字人民币发放纾困贷款1289万元。今年以来，各试点地区在发布的数字人民币相关试点工作方案中，多多少少提到了以数字人民币形式发放消费贷款、小微贷款，促进其在普惠金融领域的应用发展。

In November last year, Fujian province asked the pilot area operators to actively issue loans in the form of a digital renminbi to encourage enterprises to use the digital renminbi to pay interest and repay the principal. By the end of 2022, 1,289,000 yuan in the form of a digital yuan loan had been granted. Since this year, the pilot areas have made some mention of consumer loans and micro-credit in the form of a digital yuan pilot programme to promote their application in the area of inclusive finance.

数字人民币与贷款能够有效结合，一方面在于数字人民币能够很好地与优化货币政策目标相结合。数字人民币通过实现对M0的追踪，有利于强化货币政策的有效性和精准性，未来随着更多功能的拓展，可能产生更大影响；另一方面，以数字人民币形式发放贷款具有速度快、效率高、确保授信资金闭环流转和用途的真实可信等优势。

The digital renminbi can be effectively combined with loans, on the one hand, because the digital renminbi is well integrated with the goal of optimizing monetary policy. By tracking M0, it helps to enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of monetary policy, which may have a greater impact in the future as more functions expand. On the other hand, lending in the form of the digital renminbi has the advantage of being fast, efficient, and of ensuring genuine credibility in the flow and use of untrusted funds.

在常规的供应链金融模式中，金融机构以供应链核心企业为支撑，为供应链中小企业提供贷款服务。但是在传统的基于真实贸易背景的供应链金融业务中，通常会存在一些风险难题：

In conventional supply chain finance models, financial institutions provide credit services to supply chain SMEs, backed by core supply chain enterprises. But in traditional supply chain finance operations based on a true trade context, there are often some risk challenges:

一方面，围绕核心企业上下游的企业资质信用难以辨识，真实贸易流程难以把控，放款之后的资金流向难以追踪；另一方面，金融机构不能深入参与供应链每个环节，因此，依托核心企业资质授信具有局限性，使得其无法触达更多层级、更多数量的中小企业，尤其是下游企业。

On the one hand, it is difficult to identify the creditworthiness of enterprises that surrounds core firms up and down, the real trade process is difficult to control, and the flow of funds after lending is difficult to track; on the other hand, financial institutions are unable to participate deeply in every segment of the supply chain, and hence the limitations of relying on core business qualification letters make it impossible for them to reach more tiers and numbers of SMEs, especially downstream enterprises.

数字人民币以广义账户体系为基础，可支持企业通过任何的唯一身份标识来建立钱包，且与银行结算账户松耦合，这就为供应链金融服务进一步下沉提供了便利和降低了成本。

The digital renminbi, based on a broad system of accounts, can support enterprises in establishing wallets through any single identifier and loosely coupled with bank clearing accounts, which facilitates further sinking of supply chain financial services and reduces costs.

一方面，供应链债权债务转移涉及的清分和结算可以通过数字人民币钱包完成，企业则不必要去不同银行开立结算账户，减少跨区域、跨银行开户成本；另一方面，由于信息强度高的实名数字人民币钱包具备较高的可追溯性，且钱包终端的选择也会越来越丰富，所以通过向实名钱包小额鉴权方式识别企业身份，会有更好的通用性和便捷度。

On the one hand, the sorting and settlement of debt transfers involving supply chain claims can be done through a digital renminbi wallet, while enterprises need not have to open clearing accounts in different banks to reduce the cost of opening accounts across regions and across banks; on the other hand, because of the high traceability of real-name renminbi wallets with high information intensity and the increasing choice of wallet terminals, there will be better genericity and ease in identifying businesses by giving small clearance to real wallets.

而加载智能合约之后，数字人民币不仅能够满足不同的供应链金融服务场景需求，还能解决企业互信难题，让各参与主体在合规前提下灵活商定规则和条件，确保金融活水能够沿着供应链关系精准灌溉到实体经济末端。

With and the addition of smart contracts, the digital renminbi not only meets the needs of different supply chain financial service scenarios, but also addresses the problems of mutual trust between enterprises , giving participating actors flexibility to agree rules and conditions, subject to compliance, to ensure that the water in the financial system is well irrigated to the end of the real economy along the supply chain relationship.

02智能合约是创新关键，将赋能产业数字金融

03从“红包”到“供应链”，数字人民币正在向“产业”端迈进

随着数字人民币生态合力日益增强及部分试点地区加大推广力度，2023年至2025年或将是数字人民币的快速发展期。

The period between 2023 and 2025 is likely to be a period of rapid development of the digital renminbi, with increasing ecological convergence and scaling up in some pilot areas.

9月3日，中国人民银行数字货币研究所所长穆长春在2023年服贸会中国国际金融年度论坛上表示，数字人民币的零售场景并不是指数字人民币只能用于小额支付，不能用于大额支付。实际上，区别批发和零售的标准并不是金额大小。

On September 3, the Director of the Digital Monetary Institute of the People’s Bank of China, Mu Changchun, stated at the Annual Forum on China’s International Finance at the 2023 Trade and Investment Conference that the digital renminbi retail scene did not mean that it could only be used for small payments and not for large payments. Indeed, the criteria for distinguishing between wholesale and retail sales were not large.

他表示，一方面要实现数字人民币在所有零售场景下的支付工具升级，另一方面也需要升级批发支付场景所使用的支付工具，实现数字人民币与原有电子支付工具等的全面互通、无缝衔接。

He stated that, on the one hand, it was necessary to upgrade the payment tools used in all retail settings and, on the other hand, to upgrade the payment tools used in the wholesale payment scene to achieve full and seamless interfaces between the digital renminbi and the original electronic payment instruments.

数字人民币试点至今，C端的零售消费场景已经基本覆盖，而除了C端之外，工资代发、财政补贴、贷款发放等“B端”和“G端”等领域展现出广阔应用前景，跨境支付应用也是未来的重要发展方向。

The digital renminbi pilot has so far been largely covered by the retail consumption scene at end C. In addition to end C, areas such as wage generation, fiscal subsidies, loan disbursement, etc., “end B” and “end G”, where cross-border payment applications are an important future direction, have shown a wide range of applications.

从2020年12月全国首单电商平台数字人民币消费在京东诞生，至今不到三年时间里，京东已成为消费者使用数字人民币的首选主流平台。相关数据显示，目前在京东使用数字人民币的用户数近1500万人，开设钱包数近2000万个，交易金额累计超30亿元，年复合增长超100%。

In less than three years since the birth in December 2020 of the country’s first single-power platform, China’s digital renminbi consumption has become the dominant consumer’s preferred platform for the use of the digital renminbi. The data show that there are currently nearly 15 million users of the digital renminbi in Kyoto, nearly 20 million wallets, cumulative transactions amounting to more than 3 billion yuan and annual composite growth of more than 100%.

除了“红包”等消费场景，数字人民币正在向着“供应链”等产业端迈进。据移动支付网了解，京东面向企业推出的基于智能合约的供应链金融全链路服务，提供在线钱包开立、资金监管、高效融资等的全方位服务。而试点城市政府和金融机构，京东搭建了数字人民币SaaS服务平台，提供数字人民币支付接入、营销推广等一站式服务。

In addition to consumption scenes such as the “red bag,” digital renminbi is moving toward such industries as the “supply chain.” According to mobile payment networks, the smart-contracted supply chain financial full-link service is being introduced for businesses in Kyoto to provide a full range of services, such as online wallet opening, financial supervision, and efficient financing.

从消费场景到产业场景，从“红包”到“供应链”，移动支付网认为京东的数字人民币场景探索之路早有方向。

From the consumption scene to the industrial scene, from the “red bag” to the “supply chain”, mobile payment networks believe that there is a long way forward in exploring the digital renminbi scene in Kyoto.

京东是消费者网购最常用的App之一，凭借其正品的商品保障和优质快速的配送服务而深受广大用户欢迎，作为顶级互联网入口，从“消费端”入手是京东扩大数字人民币试点和应用范围的初级战略。

Kyoto is one of the most commonly used Apps for consumer network purchases and is popular with a wide range of users through its good commodity security and high-quality fast distribution services. As a top Internet portal, starting with the “consumption end” is an initial strategy for expanding the scope of the digital renminbi pilot and application in Kyoto.

而京东供应链金融科技是京东的重要战略方向之一，经过近10年的探索已经形成了完善的供应链金融体系。基于在京东自身海量、复杂场景的砥砺，京东科技将多年沉淀的技术、模型、算法、工具产品化、标准化，打造数智供应链+供应链金融的“双链联动”模式，面向地方政府、企业和金融机构输出供应链金融科技平台，助力核心企业实现数字化转型以及产业链的中小微企业高效便捷地获得融资服务。平台构建了“十大供应链金融业务系统+十大数智供应链服务体系”的“双十模型”，包含保理融资系统、信用流转系统、采购融资系统、动产融资系统等，并推出了服务于产业链的多种供应链服务和方案。

On the basis of the size and complexity of the supply chain, Kyoto technology has been able to absorb technology, models, algorithms, tool productization, standardization, a “double-link” model of digital supply chain finance for local governments, enterprises, and financial institutions, export supply chain financial science and technology platforms, support the digital transformation of core enterprises, and efficient and expeditious access to financing services for small and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial chain. The platform builds a two-decade model of “Ten Supply Chain Financial Operations Systems plus Ten Smart Supply Chain Services Systems” that includes factor finance systems, credit flow transfer systems, procurement finance systems, movable property finance systems, etc., and introduces a variety of supply chain services and programmes that serve the industrial chain.

因此，向“产业端”深入，或是京东探索数字人民币应用场景的关键。

As a result, it is crucial to explore the digital renminbi application scenario further to the “industry end” or to Kyoto.

此次，加载智能合约的数字人民币在供应链金融场景的落地，是数字人民币在产业端的积极探索，将为数字人民币生态创新提供应用方向，也为供应链金融领域的资源优化提供了助力。数字人民币的可编程性是相较于其它支付方式的最大不同，其在产业端的应用将实现对信息流、资金流、物流的控制三合一，从而加速推进产业数字金融的发展。

This time, the location of the digital renminbi with smart contracts in the supply chain financial scene is an active exploration of the digital renminbi at the industrial level, which will provide the direction for the application of eco-innovation and help to optimize resources in supply chain finance . digital renminbi programming is the most different from other modes of payment, and its application at the industrial level will accelerate the development of industrial digital finance by combining controls on information flows, financial flows, logistics.

上海达牛信息技术有限公司（Niuinfo Technology）是供应链数字化服务商，总部注册于上海，于苏州及大连两地设置研发分支机构。作为中国运输及供应链行业的数字化服务高端市场领导者，达牛拥有全线的物流供应链管理信息化产品、丰富的系统实施经验和管理咨询能力。我们致力于以信息技术和服务促进流通体系的革新，为企业供应链管理的数字化进程赋能——践行”链接企业数字化，架构产业新经济”的使命。

As high-end market leaders for digital services in China’s transport and supply chain industries, Da Niu owns all-line logistics supply chain management information products, rich systems implementation experience and management consulting capabilities. We are committed to promoting innovation in the flow of information systems through information technology and services, empowering the digitalization process of enterprise supply chain management – fulfilling the mission of digitizing – linking firms to the new economy of industry.”

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