如日中天的比特币究竟是什么东西？
很多人常把区块链和比特币混淆，其实二者有区别，比特币只是区块链的应用之一，但区块链趋势是从比特币开始。今天我们为大家详细介绍一下比特币。
There's a lot of people who mix blocks with bitcoin, and there's a difference. Bitcoin is just one of the applications of block chains, but the trend in block chains starts with bitcoin. Let's give you some details about bitcoin today.
1、比特币的起源
1, the origin of Bitcoin
比特币背后就是区块链系统（分布式、基于密码的账本系统）。
Behind Bitcoin is the block chain system (distributed, password-based account system).
2008 年底，一位自称“中本聪”的人突然在互联网上发表了关于电子现金系统的白皮书；2009 年初，“中本聪”在位于芬兰赫尔辛基的一个小型服务器上发展出比特币的第一个区块，标志着比特币的诞生。
At the end of 2008, a white paper on the e-cash system was suddenly published on the Internet by a person who called himself the “Middle-Hear”; at the beginning of 2009, the first block of Bitcoin was developed on a small server in Helsinki, Finland, marking the birth of Bitcoin.
“中本聪”不仅独立建立了整个比特币系统，并付诸实践，但他在为世界贡献了巨大的技术财富后销声匿迹；迄今无人知道“中本聪”是谁。
Not only has the entire Bitcoin system been established and put into practice independently, but he has lost sight of the enormous technological wealth that he has contributed to the world; so far no one has known who is.
2009 年 1 月 3 日被公认为是比特币的诞生日，之后比特币价格持续为 0（比特币处于持续发掘中，但没有交易），直到 2010 年 5 月 22 日，美国佛罗里达州的一个程序员成功用一万个比特币换取了 2 块披萨，这是比特币第一次在现实世界获得定价。
After being recognized as the birth date of Bitcoin on January 3, 2009, the price of bitcoin continued to be 0 (bitcoin in continuous excavation, but not traded) until May 22, 2010, a programmer from Florida, United States, successfully traded 10,000 bitcoins for 2 pieces of pizza, which was the first time that bitcoin had been priced in the real world.
2、比特币的发展
2, Bitcoin Development
经历大起大落，西方政府（包括中国政府）对比特币都比较谨慎（跨国界货币，涉及违法洗钱、干扰本国货币系统等，争议不断）。
After a great deal of decline, Western governments (including the Chinese Government) are more cautious in the case of bitcoin (cross-border currency, involving illegal money-laundering, interference with national monetary systems, etc., and ongoing disputes).
比特币自身具有强大生命力，政府的压制和否定并不会造成它的消亡，比特币价钱依然持续上涨。
Bitcoin itself has a powerful life, and government repression and denial do not cause its demise, and the price of bitcoin continues to rise.
全世界从政府到金融机构、商业机构、投资机构都非常重视比特币背后的技术，国际上成立了多个基金专投比特币或区块链。
The technology behind Bitcoin is valued worldwide, from Governments to financial institutions, businesses and investment agencies, and a number of funds have been set up at the international level to devote to bitcoin or block chains.
3、比特币的特点
3, Bitcoin Features
（1）去中心化：比特币是第一种分布式的虚拟货币，整个网络由用户构成，没有中央银行。去中心化是比特币安全与自由的保证 。
(1) Decentralization: Bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the entire network is made up of users without a central bank. Decentralization is a guarantee of bitcoin security and freedom.
（2）全世界流通：比特币可以在任意一台接入互联网的电脑上管理。不管身处何方，任何人都可以挖掘、购买、出售或收取比特币。
(2) Worldwide circulation: Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet.
（3）专属所有权：操控比特币需要私钥，它可以被隔离保存在任何存储介质。除了用户自己之外无人可以获取。
(3) Exclusive ownership: The control of Bitcoin requires a private key that can be stored in isolation in any storage medium. No one can access it except the user itself.
（4）低交易费用：可以免费汇出比特币，但最终对每笔交易将收取约1比特分的交易费以确保交易更快执行。
(4) Low transaction costs: Bitcoin may be transferred free of charge, but eventually approximately 1 bit of transaction fee will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster execution of the transaction.
（5）无隐藏成本：作为由A到B的支付手段，比特币没有繁琐的额度与手续限制。知道对方比特币地址就可以进行支付。
(5) There are no hidden costs: Bitcoin, as a means of payment from A to B, has no onerous limits or formalities.
（6）跨平台挖掘：用户可以在众多平台上发掘不同硬件的计算能力。
(6) Cross-platform excavation: Users can tap into the computing capabilities of different hardware on numerous platforms.
4、比特币的优点
4, the advantages of Bitcoin
（1）完全去处中心化，没有发行机构，也就不可能操纵发行数量。其发行与流通，是通过开源的p2p算法实现。
The distribution and circulation are done through the open source p2p algorithm.
（2）匿名、免税、免监管。
(2) Anonymous, exempt from taxation, exempt from supervision.
（3）健壮性。比特币完全依赖p2p网络，无发行中心，所以外部无法关闭它。比特币价格可能波动、崩盘，多国政府可能宣布它非法，但比特币和比特币庞大的p2p网络不会消失。
(iii) Strongness. Bitcoin is completely dependent on the p2p network, with no distribution centre, so it cannot be shut off externally. Bitcoin prices may fluctuate, collapse, and multinational governments may declare it illegal, but the large p2p network of Bitcoin and Bitcoin will not disappear.
（4）无国界、跨境。跨国汇款，会经过层层外汇管制机构，而且交易记录会被多方记录在案。但如果用比特币交易，直接输入数字地址，点一下鼠标，等待p2p网络确认交易后，大量资金就过去了。不经过任何管控机构，也不会留下任何跨境交易记录。
Cross-border transfers are cross-border and cross-border. Cross-border remittances pass through layers of foreign exchange control agencies, and transactions are recorded in multiple records.
（5）山寨者难于生存。由于比特币算法是完全开源的，谁都可以下载到源码，修改些参数，重新编译下，就能创造一种新的p2p货币。但这些山寨货币很脆弱，极易遭到51%攻击。任何个人或组织，只要控制一种p2p货币网络51%的运算能力，就可以随意操纵交易、币值，这会对p2p货币构成毁灭性打击。很多山寨币，就是死在了这一环节上。而比特币网络已经足够健壮，想要控制比特币网络51%的运算力，所需要的cpu/gpu数量将是一个天文数字。
As the Bitcoin algorithm is fully open, anyone can download to the source code, modify parameters, and redraw it, and create a new p2p currency. These bounties are fragile and vulnerable to 51% of attacks. Any person or organization that controls 51% of a p2p monetary network can easily manipulate transactions, currency values, and this will have a devastating impact on the p2p currency.
5、比特币的缺点
5, shortcomings of Bitcoin
（1）交易平台的脆弱性。比特币网络很健壮，但比特币交易平台很脆弱。交易平台通常是一个网站，而网站会遭到黑客攻击，或者遭到主管部门的关闭。
The Bitcoin network is robust, but the Bitcoin trading platform is fragile.
（2）交易确认时间长。比特币钱包初次安装时，会消耗大量时间下载历史交易数据块。而比特币交易时，为了确认数据准确性，会消耗一些时间，与p2p网络进行交互，得到全网确认后，交易才算完成。
(2) The transaction is confirmed over a long period of time. When the Bitcoin wallet is first installed, a significant amount of time is spent downloading the historical transaction block.
（3）价格波动极大。由于大量炒家介入，导致比特币兑换现金的价格如过山车一般起伏。使得比特币更适合投机，而不是匿名交易。
(3) Prices are highly volatile. As a result of the intervention of a large number of spree households, the price of bitcoin for cash has fluctuated, as in mountain cars. Bitcoin is better suited for speculation than for anonymous transactions.
（4）大众对原理不理解，以及传统金融从业人员的抵制。活跃网民了解p2p网络的原理，知道比特币无法人为操纵和控制。但大众并不理解，很多人甚至无法分清比特币和Q币的区别。“没有发行者”是比特币的优点，但在传统金融从业人员看来，“没有发行者”的货币毫无价值。
(4) The general public does not understand the principles, and the resistance of traditional financial practitioners. Active netizens understand the principles of the p2p network and know that Bitcoin cannot be manipulated and controlled by human beings. But the general public does not understand that many people cannot even distinguish between bitcoins and Queens.
6、比特币在中国的法律现状
6, the legal status of Bitcoin in China
在中国，《人民币管理条例》规定，禁止制作和发售代币票券。由于代币票券的定义并没有明确的司法解释，如果比特币被纳入到“代币票券”中，则比特币在中国的法律前景面临不确定性。
In China, the RMB Regulation prohibits the production and sale of coupons. Since there is no clear judicial explanation for the definition of coupons, there is uncertainty about the legal future of Bitcoins in China if they are included in “coin coupons.”
文化部、商务部关于加强网络游戏虚拟货币管理工作的通知(文市发〔2009〕20号)二〇〇九年六月四日《通知》称首次明确了网络游戏虚拟货币的适用范围，对当前网络游戏虚拟货币与游戏内的虚拟道具做了区分;同时，通知称，《通知》规定从事相关服务的企业需批准后方可经营。
The circular of the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Commerce on strengthening the management of virtual money for online games (No. [20.2009]) dated 4 June 1999 states that for the first time, the scope of application of the virtual currency for online games has been clarified, distinguishing between the virtual currency for current online games and the virtual props in the game; at the same time, the circular states that enterprises engaged in related services are subject to authorization before they can operate.
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